VOC Database - American Industrial Hygiene Association
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Transcript VOC Database - American Industrial Hygiene Association
Proactive Indoor Air Quality
Surveys Conducted in
Metropolitan New York
Commercial Buildings Between
1992-1998
Jack Springston, CIH, CSP
William Esposito, CIH
Keith Cleversey, MS
ambient group, inc.
New York, NY
Proactive IAQ Surveys
757 surveys in 125 commercial office
buildings
Conducted between June 1992 and
December 1998
Sampling strategy based on EPA’s
Protocol for Characterizing Indoor Air
Quality in Large Office Buildings
Proactive IAQ Surveys
Sampling included CO2, CO, and
TVOC’s
17,500+ samples collected
Sampling for gaseous contaminants
performed using a Brüel & Kjær Multigas Monitor Type 1302
B&K 1302 Monitor
Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (PAS)
Detection limit is gas-dependent but
typically 10-3ppm region
Use different filters to measure up to 5
component gases plus water vapor
B&K 1302 Monitor
For this study, we measured VOC’s,
CO and CO2
Used two different filters for VOC’s
–
–
3.4um for “common” VOC’s
3.6um for formaldehyde
VOC Sampling
Organic compounds detected at
center wavelength 3.4 µm include:
Butane, Ethyl benzene, Ethanol,
Formic acid, Methyl ethyl ketone,
Naphta, Petroleum distillates, Toluene,
Turpentine, and Xylene
Detection limit = 0.036 mg/m3
VOC Sampling
Organic compounds detected at
center wavelength 3.6 µm include:
Acetaldehyde, Acrolein, Formaldehyde,
N-Methyl-Methanamine, Triethylamine
Detection limit = 0.07 mg/m3
Applicable Standards
Carbon Dioxide
–
–
ASHRAE - OA + 700ppm
OSHA and ACGIH - 5000ppm
Carbon Monoxide
–
–
–
–
EPA NAAQS (8 hour) - 9ppm
WHO (8 hour) - 10ppm
ACGIH - 25ppm
OSHA - 50ppm
Applicable Standards
TVOC’s
–
No official standards or guidelines exist
–
OSHA and ACGIH - target and action
limits of 1 and 5 mg/m3 discussed
–
European community - target guideline of
0.3 mg/m3 has been discussed
–
Molhave - objective health effects noted
at >3 mg/m3 (Discomfort Range)
1992-1998 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF PERIODIC
CARBON DIOXIDE RESULTS IN NEW YORK CITY
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
(17,658 readings)
0.240
FREQUENCY
0.210
0.180
0.150
0.120
-2sd = 329.60ppm
Average = 620.41ppm
+2sd = 911.23ppm
0.090
0.060
0.030
0.000
300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100
CO2 CONCENTRATION (PPM)
Carbon Dioxide Results
CO2 readings ranged from 357 to
1960ppm
Mean value = 620.4ppm (SD =
145.4ppm)
Median value = 586ppm
97.52% of all readings were <1000ppm
1992-1998 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF PERIODIC
CARBON MONOXIDE RESULTS IN NEW YORK CITY
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
FREQUENCY
(17,630 readings)
0.400
0.350
0.300
0.250
0.200
0.150
0.100
0.050
0.000
-2sd = -0.87ppm
Average = 1.61ppm
+2sd = 4.08ppm
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
CO CONCENTRATION (PPM)
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
Carbon Monoxide Results
CO readings ranged from 0.0 to
60.3ppm
Mean value = 1.61ppm (SD =1.24ppm)
Median value = 1.43ppm
99.77% of all readings were <9ppm
1992-1998 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF PERIODIC
TVOC (GROUP 1) RESULTS IN NEW YORK CITY
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
(17,595 readings)
FREQUENCY
0.15
-2sd = -1.80mg/m3
Average = 1.23mg/m3
+2sd = 4.26mg/m3
0.13
0.10
0.08
0.05
0.03
0.00
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0
TVOC CONCENTRATION (MG/M3)
TVOC’s 3.4um Results
Group I readings ranged from <0.036
to 41.04 mg/m3
Mean value = 1.23 mg/m3 (SD = 1.52
mg/m3)
Median value = 0.99 mg/m3
96.85% of all readings were <3 mg/m3
1992-1998 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF PERIODIC
TVOC (GROUP 2) RESULTS IN NEW YORK CITY
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
FREQUENCY
(15,564 readings)
0.10
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
-2sd = -0.95mg/m3
Average = 0.40mg/m3
+2sd = 1.76mg/m3
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
TVOC CONCENTRATION (MG/M3)
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
TVOC’s 3.6um Results
Group II readings ranged from <0.07
to 44.25 mg/m3
Mean value = 0.41 mg/m3 (SD = 0.68
mg/m3)
Median value = 0.23 mg/m3
99.51% of all readings were <3 mg/m3
Conclusions
Results indicate that a majority of the
CO, CO2 and TVOC readings from
non-complaint buildings were within
their respective guideline values
TVOC results suggest that proposed
European guideline of 0.3mg/m3 may
be too stringent