Transcript Document

The
th
20
century
Music :Conquest Of Paradise by Vangelis
…in photos
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Famous Photos
1900-1919
The Exposition Universelle of 1900
The Exposition Universelle of 1900 was a world’s
fair held in Paris, France, to celebrate the
achievements of the past century and to
accelerate development into the next.
Exposition Universelle was attended by 50 million
people yet I still failed to turn a profit, costing the
French government 2.000.000 Francs.
The fair included more than 76.000 exhibitors and
covered 1,12 square kilometres of Paris.
The Exposition Universelle was where talking films
were first unveiled, where the escalator debuted
and Campbell’s Soup was awarded the gold medal
(an image that still appears on its label).
NBTEL telephone company - 1900
NBTEL telephone company in 1900. At the switchboard sat a long row of operators dressed in
white shirtwaists, with balloon sleeves, and long black skirts.
Each operator wore a black satin prone at the rear, rather than the front: this was to protect the
skirt from becoming shiny on the leather seat of the chair.
How much have communication technology changed since!
First Flight on December 17, 1903
First Flight on December 17th, 1903 was the
day humanity spread its wings and soured
into the skies.
The flight lasted only 12 seconds in the air.
However, it was a major breakthrough.
Orville and Wilbur Wright, two bicycle
mechanics from Ohio, are the pioneers of
aviations, and although this first flight
occurred so late in history, the ulterior
development was exponential.
Josephine Baker - 1906
Josephine Baker, famous singer and
dancer was born June 3rd , 1906 and she
died on April 12th, 1975.
She lived at a time of severe oppression
of the blacks. At age of 13 she ran away
and went on a tour. She later went to
Paris, France where she was embraced
despite her color and her dancing style
made her the talk of Europe.
During World War II she helped the
French Resistance.
She adopted 12 kids that were of many
different races. Then she came back to
the USA. The Stork Club refused to serve
her because she was black. She spoke to
the crowd with Martin Luther King at the
Lincoln Memorial during the 1963 March
on Washington.
Titanic Maiden Voyage - 1912
On April 10th 1912, the Titanic, largest ship afloat, left Southampton, England on her maiden voyage to
New York City. The White Star Line had spare no expense in assuring her luxury. A legend even before
she sailed, her passengers were a mixture of the world’s wealthiest basking in the elegance of first class
accommodation and immigrants packed into steerage.
Four days into her journey, at 11:40 P.M. on the night of April 14th, she struck an iceberg. Her fireman
compared the sound of the impact to “the tearing of calico, nothing more”.
However, the collision was fatal and the
icy water soon poured through the ship.
It became obvious that many would not
find safety in a lifeboat. Each passenger
was issued a life jacket but life
expectancy would be short when
exposed to water four degrees below
freezing. As the forward portion of the
ship sank deeper, passengers
scrambled to the stern.
John Thayler witnessed the sinking from a lifeboat. “We could see groups of the almost fifteen
hundred people still aboard, clinging in clusters or bunches, like swarming bees; only to fall in masses,
pairs or singly, as the great after part of the ship, two hundred and fifty feet of it, rose into the sky, till it
reached a sixty-five or seventy degree angle”.
The great ship slowly slid beneath the waters two hours and forty minutes after the collision.
Assassination of Archduke of Austria-Este - 1914
On June28th 1914, Archduke Franz
Ferdinand of Austria, Heir to the AustroHungarian throne, and his wife Sophie,
Duchess of Hohenberg were shot to death
in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, by
Gavrilo Princip, a member of Young
Bosnia, a group aiming at the unification of
the South Slavs. The event sparked off the
outbreak of World War I. Bosnia and
Herzegovina were provinces just south of
Austria. The Turks had governed them
until 1878, but lost them in their disastrous
war with Russia.
So the Treaty of Berlin granted Austria the
power to administer these two provinces.
As a result of this annexation Bosnia’s
three main groups, Croats, ethnic Serbs
and Muslims now populated the AustroHungarian Empire, giving even more
variety to the mix of nationalities.
But the Serbs weren’t quite happy with this.
They shared a desire with their Serb
brothers across the river in Serbia. They
wanted their province to be joined with
Serbia.
The Panama Canal - 1914
The Panama Canal opened on August 15th 1914. Although opening-day festivities were overshadowed
by the beginning of war in Europe earlier that month, an international exposition in San Francisco the
next year celebrated the canal’s completion.
Today, after more than eight decades of efficient operation the Panama Canal remains a symbol of
human creativity, persistence and achievement.
Canal locks are like water-filled stairs that move ships across sloping terrain. After a ship enters a lock,
the gates are closed, isolating the chamber and its contents from the water around it.
The chamber is either filled or emptied, thus raising or lowering the water level as necessary. Transit
across Panama’s mountains was made possible by damming part of the Charges River to create Gatun
Lake and then building six 1.000-foot-long (305m), 80-foot-deep (24m) concrete lock chambers to
reach it. The lake fed water to the locks by means of gravity; electricity powered the gates.
Tsar Nicholas II of Russia - 1918
Tsar Nicholas II of Russia (1868-1918)
and his wife Tsarina Alexandra
Feodorovna with their 5 children, Olga
(1895-1918) Tatiana (1897-1918) Maria
(1899-1918) Anastasia (1901-1918)
and Aleksei (18904-1918).
This photo was taken just moments
before the whole family faced their fate.
At 2:30 am on July 17th, 1918 a firing
squad executed Nicholas, his wife
Alexandra, their five children, their
doctor and their personal assistants
and royal secretaries.
Parts of their bodies and some of their
jewelry were delivered to the Central
Committee of the Communist Party in
Moscow as the proof of death.
Famous Photos
1920-1939
Prohibition in the United States (1920-1933)
From January 1920 Prohibition became Law - also
known as “Dry Law”. Selling, manufacturing or
transporting (including importing and exporting)
alcohol for beverage purposes was prohibited by the
Eighteenth Amendment.
Though drinking and possession of alcohol were not
prohibited by the Constitution, they were restricted by
the Volstead Act.
During the 1920’s and the beginning of the
Depression, rum running was aid to be Detroit’s
second largest industry next to automobiles, bringing
in an estimated 215 million dollars in 1929.
Violent crime soared as organized crime virtually
took over parts of the city, buying off policemen
and collecting protection fees from citizens.
Gangs, most notably the infamous Purple Gang,
fought in turf wars over control of shipments and
territory, all vying to supply the estimated 5.00025.000 illegal drinking establishments scattered
throughout the city.
The first silent movie - 1921
The Kid – 1921 was a huge success and was the
second-highest grossing film in 1921, behind The
Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse.
The Kid is about a Tramp (Charlie Chaplin) that finds
an abandoned baby in an alley and takes care of
him. As the baby gets older, they are perfect
together and they form little schemes to scam
people.
The Kid is notable as being the first feature length
comedy film to effectively combine comedy and
drama, as one of the opening titles says : “ A picture
with a smile, and perhaps a tear…”.
The most famous and enduring sequence in the film
is the Tramp’s desperate rooftop pursuit of the
welfare agents who have taken the child, and their
emotional reunion.
Audiences of the time were deeply affected by the
film and the relationship of the Kid with the muchloved Tramp character.
The Tomb of Tutankhamun - 1922
Sunday, November 26th 1922. Howard Carter,
discovers the Tomb of Tutankamun.
King Tut was an insignificant ruler who died
young and was soon forgotten by his people.
His lack of renown likely helped protect his
tomb from grave robbers, which was finally
opened in 1922 by Howard Carter in the most
important archeological event of the 20th
Century.
Carter won worldwide acclaim for his discovery,
but there are those who say it cost him his life.
The fate of many of those on Carter’s team led
people to speculate that when the archeologist
opened Tut’s tomb, he unleashed an ancient
curse.
The Jazz singer - 1927
The Jazz Singer – 1927 – provides a glimpse of the film’s pioneering achievements in
filmography. Its experimental use of dialogue and synchronized score. It begins with
the first and most legendary words spoken by Jackie Rabinowiltz (Al Jolson).
“Wait a minute! Wait a minute! You ain’t heard nothin’ yet!” and ends with the finale of
“Toot Toot Tootsie” and “My Mammy” were the movie’s most popular songs.
The Great Depression 1930-1939
During this time the prices of stock fell 40%.
9.000 banks went out of business. 9 million
savings accounts were wiped out. 86.000
businesses failed. Wages decreased by 60%
which left 15 million jobless people.
This photo by photographer Dorothea Lange
has become one of the world’s most famous
images. At the height of the Great Depression
Lange photographed the woman and her two
small children. It came to epitomize the poverty
and suffering of those displaced.
The photo was issued as a US stamp and a
copy was sold for 250.000$, on exhibition at the
Lowry in Salford : photographers of the
Depression
Lynching - 1930
A mob of 10.000 whites took
sledgehammers to the county jailhouse
doors to get at these two young blacks
accused of raping a white girl. The girls’s
uncle saved the life of a third by
proclaiming the man’s innocence.
Although this was Marion, Indiana most of
the 5.000 lynching documented between
Reconstruction and the late 1960’s were
perpetrated in the South. – Hangings,
beatings and mutilations were called the
sentence of “Judge Lynch”-.
Berlin Olympics - 1936
James Cleveland Owens (Born
September 12th 1913 Oakville,
Alabama-Died March 31st 1980
Phoenix, Arizona).
American track-and-field athlete, who
set a world record in the long jump that
stood for 25 years.
Owens won four gold medals at the
1936 Olympic Games in Berlin.
His four victories were a blow to Adolf
Hitler’s intention to use the Olympics
to demonstrate Aryan superiority.
Explosion of the Hindenburg airship - 1937
The famous picture of the airship Hindenburg as it exploded and crashed spectacularly while
docking at Lakehurst, NJ on May 6th 1937 and 35 people died.
Famous Photos
1940-1959
Pearl Harbor : December 7th, 1941
The surprise was complete. The planes
came in two waves; the first hit its target
at 7:53 am the second at 8:55. By 9:55
it was all over. By 1:00 pm carriers
launched planes 274 heading for Japan.
Behind them they left 2.403 dead, 188
destroyed planes and a crippled Pacific
Fleet that included 8 destroyed
battleships.
In one stroke the Japanese action
silenced the debate that had divided
Americans on the Nazi war in Europe.
“Yesterday, December 7, 1941 a date
which will live in Infamy. The United
States of America was suddenly and
deliberately attacked by naval and air
forces of the Empire of Japan…” was
Roosevelt’s address to the Congress.
Normandy - 1944
On D-Day, June 6th, 1944, 156.000 American, British and Canadian troops landed on
Normandy beaches to begin the liberation of Europe from its Nazi occupiers. It was said
to be the largest build-up and movement of soldiers in the history of mankind.
Flag on Iwo Jima - 1945
Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima
historic photograph taken on
February 23rd, 1945, by Joe
Rosenthal.
It shows five US Marines and a
US Navy corpsman raising the
American flag on Mount Suribachi.
This photograph was reprinted in
thousands of publications.
Later, it became the only
photograph to win the Pulitzer
Prize for Photography in the same
year it was published.
The photo was regarded as one of
the most significant and
recognizable images of the war
and the most reproduced
photograph of all times.
The first atomic bomb 1945
This picture of the “mushroom
cloud” is a very accurate
approximation of the enormous
quantity of energy spread below.
The firs atomic bomb, released
on August 6th, 1945, in Hiroshima
(Japan) killed about 80.000
people.
It didn’t render the Japanese to
surrender.
Therefore, on August 9th another
bomb was dropped on Nagasaki.
The effects of the second bomb
were even more devastating with
150.000 people were killed or
injured.
Extremely temperature and
radiation caused more long term
damage.
Photo of Marilyn Monroe - 1955
This photograph from the 1955 Seven Year Itch, starring Marilyn Monroe have since become
synonymous with image of Monroe. Even Barbie Doll offered fans a facsimile.
However, the photo on the left by photographer Bernard Brujo did not make the cut as director Billy
Wilder was fearful of having his movie censored.
Death of a Star : James Dean - 1955
On September 30, 1955 James Dean and his mechanic were driving his Porsche Spyder from
Hollywood to a sports car race in Salinas when, late in the afternoon around Cholame, a young CalPoly student turned left in front of them on his way home to Freshno for the weekend. The crash
crumpled the Porsche and instantly killing Dean, with the mechanic (who survived) being through
out of the car.
Avid James Dean fans still speculate that his fatal car accident was never an accident but a self
destructive reaction to the pressures imposed by fame.
…when Elvis, shocked his audience - 1957
Elvis shocked his audience in a burst of high spirits rolling around on the stage with Nipper in a
highly provocative manner during a fast and furious rendition of Hound Dog at the 1957 California
Concert.
The LA Deputy Police Chief ordered the Vice Squad to instruct Elvis to eliminate any “sexy
overtones” from his performances or risk obscenity charges.
The Nipper Dog was given to Elvis Presley by RCA on the release of his hit Hound Dog. Elvis kept
the dog at Graceland for many years before he gave it as a gift to Paul Lickter.
A British fan bought it for 3.000 UK pounds in 1997.
Buddy Holly and his band - 1959
February 3, 1959 : The day the music died. On this day in 1959, rising American rock stars Buddy
Holly, Ritchi Valens and J.P.“The Big Bopper” Richardson are killed when their chartered Beechcraft
Bonanza plane crashes in Iowa a few minutes after takeoff from Mason City on a flight headed for
Moorehead, Minnesota. Investigators blamed the crash on bad weather and pilot error.
Holly and his band, the Crickets, had just scored a No.1 hit with “That’ll Be the Day”.
Famous Photos
1960-1979
“Dream Day” - 1963
Martin Luther King, Jr. (January 15,1929-April 4,1968) directed the peaceful march on Washington,
D.C. of 250.000 people to whom he delivered his address, “I Have a Dream” , he conferred with
President John F. Kennedy and campaigned for President Lyndon B. Johnson; he was awarded five
honorary degrees; was named Man of the Year by Time magazine in 1963; and became not only the
symbolic leader of American blacks but also a world figure.
August 28, the anniversary of Dr. King’s 1963 I Have a Dream speech, is called “Dream Day”.
John F. Kennedy assassination - 1963
Three-year-old John F. Kennedy Jr. salutes his father’s casket in Washington three days after
the president was assassinated in Dallas on November 23, 1963.
Widow Jacqueline Kennedy, center, and daughter Caroline Kennedy are accompanied by the
late president’s brothers Sen. Edward Kennedy, left, and Attorney General Robert Kennedy.
Oswald is shot to death on live television - 1963
Lee Harvey Oswald according to US government was the assassin of President John F. Kennedy. On
November 22, 1963, Oswald was arrested by policeman J.D.Tippit. Oswald claimed he was a “patsy”
and denied involvement.
Two days later, Oswald was shot to death by Jack Ruby on live television.
Photographer Robert H. Jackson won the 1964 Pulitzer Prize for Photography for this photograph of
Jack Ruby shooting Lee Harvey Oswald, to whom Dallas detective Jim Leavelle (left) was handcuffed.
Death of Che Guevara - 1967
October 25, 2007 – A lock of Che Guevara’s hair along with photos, documents, intelligence
intercepts, and original fingerprints relating execution of the Argentine-born revolutionary on
October 9, 1967 sold at auction for $100.000. The macabre collection of memorabilia purchased by
a lone bidder was compiled by a Cuban exile CIA operative named Gustavo Villoldo, who helped
capture Guevara. After his execution by the Bolivian military he was secretly bury him in the middle
of the night. Before Guevara’s hands were cut off, Villoldo helped fingerprint his corpse, and a
“death mask” was made as proof that Che ad been captured and killed. The covert operative also
clipped a portion of Che’s beard as a memento fo the CIA’s triumph over Latin America’s most
famous revolutionary.
Man on the Moon - 1969
Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin salutes the American flag planted on the lunar surface.
The date that made history was July 20, 1969.
Millions of Americans heard Neil Armstrong say : “That’s one small step for a man,
one giant leap for mankind”.
Elvis meet the President - 1970
On December 21, 1970, Elvis Presley paid a visit to President Richard M. Nixon at the White
Hose in Washington, D.C. The meeting was initiated by Presley, who wrote Nixon a six-page
letter requesting a visit with the President and suggesting that he be made a “Federal Agent-atLarge” in the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs. The events leading up to and after
the meeting are detailed in the documentation and photographs included here, which include
Presley’s handwritten letter, memoranda from Nixon staff and aides, and the thank-you note
from Nixon for the gifts (including a Colt 45 pistol and family photos) that Presley brought with
him to the Oval Office.
Napalm attack - 1972
Nick Ut’s 1972 image of a naked girl fleeing her napalmed picture of Kim Phuc running from a Napalm
attack as a memorable picture vividly depicting the art of war. Photographer Huynh Cong Ut, known by
his colleagues as Nick, was working there as a photo journalist for Associated Press at the time and took
a number of photographs of the villagers trying to escape the napalm.
This one, epitomizing the savagery and tragedy of the conflict, won him the coveted Pulitzer Prize and
became one of the most published photos of the Vietnam war.
Elvis is dead - 1977
August 16, 1977 Elvis was found dead in his bathroom at Graceland in Memphis. This picture
was taken by Elvis’ cousin who was offer a deal by National Enquirer to photograph the body of
Elvis in his coffin. The payment was meager compared to the millions the Enquirer reaped for
the cover story, Story behind the picture.
Famous Photos
1980-1999
Challenger - 1986
28 January 1986. The American space shuttle, Challenger, has exploded killing all seven
astronauts on board. The five men and two women – including the firs teacher in space – were
just over a minute into their flight from Cape Canaveral in Florida when the Challenger blew up.
The astronauts’ families, at the airbase, and millions of Americans witnessed the world’s worst
space disaster live on TV. The danger from falling debris prevented rescue boats reaching the
scene for more than an hour.
The fall of the Berlin Wall - 1989
The fall of the Berlin Wall 1989 At that time, the Cold War was still dominant. Hardly anybody
predicted the collapse of the Soviet Union until just before it happened in 1989, so most 1980
forecasts for the year 2000 retained the Cold War as the defining feature.
The fall of the Berlin Wall is a very visible sign of the collapse of the Soviet Union. Nobody
anticipated this dramatic change even a few years in advance.
Tiananmen Square - 1989
A hunger strike by 3,000 students in Beijing had grown to a protest of more than a million as the
injustices of a nation cried for reform. For seven weeks students of the People's Republic, protested
in Tiananmen Square with the government dispatched soldiers and tanks to curb the rally. As the
world waited as young man simply would not move, standing with his shopping bags before a line of
tanks, a hero was born. Today, this brave man is commonly reffered to as “The Tank Man”. His
true identity is still unknown. It is believed he will not reveal himself for fear of the long jail term.
Freedom for Nelson Mandela - 1990
11 February 1990 Freedom for Nelson Mandela Leading anti-apartheid campaigner Nelson Mandela has
been freed from prison in South Africa after 27 years. His release follows the relaxation of apartheid laws...
including lifting the ban on leading black rights party the African National Congress (ANC) by South African
President FW de Klerk. Mandela appeared at the gates of Victor-Verster Prison in Paarl at 1614 local time an hour late - with his wife Winnie.
Holding her hand and dressed in a light brown suit and tie he smiled at the ecstatic crowds and punched the
air in a victory salute before taking a silver BMW sedan to Cape Town, 40 miles away. People danced in
the streets across the country and thousands clamoured to see him at a rally in Cape Town
Leaning Tower of Pisa closed to public - 1990
The Leaning Tower of Pisa has been closed
to the public for the first time in 800 years
amid speculation the structure is on the
verge of toppling over.
Over the past 100 years the belfry at the top
of the mediaeval tower has moved 9.6 inches
(nearly a quarter of a metre). The tilt is
currently 16ft (4.9m) off the perpendicular
and increases by about one-twelfth of an
inch (2mm) every year because the layer of
clay and sand on which it is built is softer on
the south side than on the north.
So, the Italian government has set aside
100bn lire and appointed an international
team of experts to come up with a detailed
plan within three months to save the building
from collapse.
Death of Princess Diana - 1997
Princess Diana died August 31, 1997. Her funeral September 6, 1997 saw seen by 33 million viewers
around the world. That day was at once sorrowful and uplifting as Diana, Princess of Wales, was
remembered as a woman of "natural nobility" whose life of compassion and style transcended sometimes
abusive press coverage. Diana was laid to rest on her family's estate. Diana's flag-draped coffin and topped
with three wreaths.
Carrying the simple notation "Mummy" from her son Harry. Her coffin was carried from the gates of
Kensington Palace through the streets of London in a solemn procession to the doors of Westminster
Abbey followed by Prince Charles, the Duke of Edinburgh, Lord Spencer, William and Harry.
The End.
Thank you!