Transcript Document

World War II – Part Two
The Holocaust, The Home Front
and Winning the War
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Vocabulary
1. Internment: the imprisonment or confinement
of people, commonly in large groups
2. Hysteria: fear and panic, excessive or
uncontrollable emotion
3. Aryan: of Christian German ancestry (blonde
hair and blue eyes was typical)
4. Ghettos: a part of a city where one racial/ethnic
group is confined to live.
5. Concentration Camps: Places where the Nazis
brought the Jews of Europe to murder them
6. Civilian: Non-military person
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The Home Front
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Pearl Harbor Attacked
• December 7, 1941
• U.S. citizens feared another
attack
• War hysteria took over the
country
• President Roosevelt was
pressured by State officials
to take action against
Americans of Japanese
descent.
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Executive Order 9066
• February 19th, 1942
• Issued by President Franklin D.
Roosevelt
• 120,000 Americans of Japanese
descent in the US were
removed from their homes and
placed in internment camps,
mostly along the west coast.
• Three years later (in 1945)
internees were allowed to
return to their homes.
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Moral & Legal Problems
• More than two thirds of those interned were American
citizens and half of them were children.
• In some cases family members were separated and put
in different camps.
• None had ever shown disloyalty to the nation.
• During all of WWII only ten people were convicted of
spying for Japan and these were all Caucasian.
• The constitution says you cannot jail an American citizen
without charging them with a crime, yet this was clearly
done.
• The internment of Japanese Americans in WWII was
ruled unconstitutional in 1983
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The 442nd Infantry Regiment
• All Japanese American Infantry
Regiment during WWII
• They fought valiantly and many
received medals for their bravery.
• The 442nd became the most decorated
regiment (for its size) in WWII
• The United States “remains forever indebted
to the bravery, valor, and dedication to
country these men faced while fighting a twofronted battle of discrimination at home and
fascism abroad.” – President Barack Obama
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Women of WWII
• Women were a huge part of
the War effort
• Many of them became factory
workers
• Over six million women
entered the work force for
the first time during World
War II
• Rosie the Riveter became a
symbol of the strength of
American Women.
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Quick Quiz
1. When was the Attack on Pearl Harbor? What was
the response of U.S. citizens?
2. What was executive order 9066? Who ordered it?
When?
3. What are FOUR facts that make this a sad part of
our history?
4. What was the name of the all Japanese American
group in the military during WWII? Tell me about
them.
5. What were the contributions of women to the war?
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What changed for women during this time
The Holocaust
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Nuremburg Laws
• Nazi Germany 1935
• Anti-Jewish laws
• Categorized Jewish people as a
separate race
• Took away German citizenship of
Jewish People
• Outlawed marriage between Aryan
Germans and Jewish Germans
• By 1939 Jewish people were forced
to wear yellow stars to separate
themselves
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The Ghettos
• 1939-1942
• All over German
occupied Europe
• Jewish people were
forced to move into
separate parts of cities
• Leave behind many of
their valuables
• Many thought life
could not get worse
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Jewish Pop. of Europe 1941
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Concentration Camps
• Beginning in 1942 the Ghettos of Europe were emptied
• The Jewish people of Europe were brought to various
“concentration camps” in railroad cars meant for cattle
• People not able to work were murdered within days of
arrival, including the elderly, disabled and most children
• The rest were separated by gender and worked hard
labor with VERY little food/sleep for the next 2-3 years
• Many died from starvation & sickness; others were
burned and gassed to death.
• Two famous “camps” – Auschwitz-Birkenau; Treblinka
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The Holocaust Ends
• Beginning in 1945 many of the
Concentration Camps were
liberated by Soviet and American
Troops
• About 6 million Jews were
murdered by the Nazis during the
Holocaust in only 3 years (2/3)
• Hitler committed suicide in order to
avoid capture
• Many Nazi Political and Military
Officers were put on trial for the
crimes they helped commit
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Quick Quiz
1. What were the Nuremberg laws? When did they
start? What did Jews have to wear starting in 1939?
2. Why do you think the Nazis made the Jews move to
the ghetto? EXPLAIN.
3. Where did the Nazis take the Jewish people after the
ghetto? Give FIVE facts about these places.
4. When/by whom were the camps liberated? How
many had died?
5. What happened to Hitler and the Nazi Military and
Political leaders?
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Winning the War
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Battle of Midway
• June 3rd, 1942
• Led by Admiral Chester Nimitz
• Midway Island was at the edge of Japanese
area of control of the Pacific
• U.S. was able to defend U.S. island from
Japanese takeover
• Major turning point in the war for control of
the Pacific Ocean.
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D-Day
• June 6th, 1944
• The Allied invasion of mainland
Europe
• Occurred on the beaches of
Normandy, France
• Overseen by General Dwight
Eisenhower (34th Pres. of US)
• Approx 2400 American deaths
• Costly but successful
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Battle of the Bulge
• October 1944
• After the Allies had
captured their first
German City Germany
retaliated
• German troops lunged
into Allied territory
creating a bulge
• Allies were eventually
victorious
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Dresden
• February 1945
• Allied (Soviet, American,
British) Bombing of
important German City
• Most of the city was
destroyed & many German
civilians were killed
• Helped Allies defeat Hitler
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Iwo Jima
• February-March 1945
• Major turning point in the
battle for control of the
Pacific Ocean against Japan
• Long Battle in which both
sides fought fiercely
• U.S. was victorious, made it
easier to defeat Japan later
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Yalta Conference
• February 1945
• Roosevelt (sick)
Churchill, Stalin
• The allies believed they
would beat Germany
soon
• Meeting to determine
the future of Europe
after the war
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Germany Surrenders
• May 8th, 1945
• The Soviet Union had
pushed toward
Germany from the
east
• The United States
and Britain had
pushed toward
Germany from the
West
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Potsdam Conference
• July/August 1945
• Truman (Roosevelt had
died), Stalin, Churchill
• Germany had surrendered
9 weeks earlier
• Discussed how to achieve
victory against Japan
• They also discussed post
war issues. Ex:
international borders and
the future of the United
Nations
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Hiroshima & Nagasaki
• August 6th & 9th, 1945
• The U.S. ended WWII by
dropping atomic bombs on
these two Japanese cities
• First and only time atomic
weapons used in warfare
• Avoided invasion of Japan
but left massive Japanese
death toll. Approx 200,000+
• Japan surrendered August
30
15, 1945
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Quick Quiz
For each of the following explain:
A- The date it occurred
B- At least THREE facts
1. Midway
2. D-Day
3. Battle of the Bulge
4. Dresden
5. Iwo Jima
6. Yalta
7. The German Surrender
8. Potsdam
9. Hiroshima & Nagasaki
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