Transcript Global Perspectives on Concepts, Practices and

Global Perspective on
Concepts, Practices and Applications of
Eco-Industrial Towns
René VAN BERKEL
Chief, Cleaner and Sustainable Production Unit
United Nations Industrial Development Organization
Vienna, Austria
Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
30 March 2011
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Overview
• Background
• Global Green Industry Imperative
• City-level Leverage for Green Industry
• Industry Contributions
• Industrial and Urban Symbiosis
• Practical Experiences
• Making It Happen
• Policy options
• Concluding Remarks
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Background
Climate change
Jobs
Resource
Use
Pollution,
chemicals
and waste
Productivity and
competitiveness
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Response
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Green Industry
• Greening of Industry
– Any industry that commits itself to reduce the environmental
impacts of its processes and products, and is actually doing
so on a continuous basis
•
•
•
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Resource Efficient and Cleaner Production
Industrial Energy Efficiency and Energy Management Systems
Safe and Responsible Management of Chemicals and Waste
Water Efficiency and Pollution Prevention
•  Resource Efficient and Cleaner Production
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Green Industry
• Green Industries
– Industries that have as their core business the provision of
environmental goods and services
• Waste management, recycling and resource recovery
• Manufacturers of renewable and energy-efficient technologies and
equipment
• Providers of environmental advisory, analytical, monitoring and other
services
• Manufacturers of clean and/or pollution control technologies and
equipments
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Complementary Approaches
Green
Economy
Circular Economy
Green
Industry
Green
Jobs
Green
Growth
Sustainable
Development
Sustainable
Consumption and
Production
Reduce, Reuse
& Recycle (3R)
Green Industry uniquely focuses on the positive role industry
can play to sustainable industrial development
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Green Industry at City Level
• Industries located in the
municipalities need to be
more resource efficient and
less polluting
• Green industries can
provide the environmental
services needed by
Municipalities to improve
city living
Municipalities'
environmental
needs
Private
Sector
(Green
Industries)
Intermediary
Organizations
(UNIDO)
Eco-Cities
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Local Leverage for Green Industry
• Eco-Cities
• Areas where urban planning and environmental
management tools are applied to pursue synergies
in resource utilization and productivity, waste
management, environmental preservation,
industrial and economic development and a
healthy living environment
UNIDO in cooperation with government of Jordan established the
Eco-Cities of the Mediterranean Forum which will have its second
main conference on 11-12 October 2011 in Marseille, France
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Greening Industrial Towns
•
Enterprise-level
• Industry-sector level
– Improved resource
productivity and
reduced pollution
intensity through intrafirm measures
– Resource exchanges and
collaboration of multiple
firms to improve overall
resource efficiency and
environmental
performance
– Resource productivity
– Efficiency
– Resource synergy
–  Symbiosis
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Resource Efficient and Cleaner Production
– Continuous application of preventive environmental strategies to
processes, products and services to increase efficiency and reduce risks
to humans and the environment
– RECP addresses three sustainability dimensions individually and
synergistically :
• Production efficiency
– Through improved productive use of natural resources by enterprises
• Environmental management
– Through minimization of the impact on nature by enterprises
• Human development
– Through reduction of risks to people and communities from enterprises and
supporting their development
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RECP Practices
Good
Housekeeping
Input Material
Change
Better Process
Control
Equipment
Modification
CLEANER PRODUCTION
Technology
Change
On Site Recovery
and Reuse
Production of
Useful By-product
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Product
Modification
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Lime Master
• Producer of lime products
– Options implemented
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•
•
•
Installation of timers to switch of conveyor belts
Lime dust recovery with bag filters
Lime recovery through wash water reuse
On-sale of low grade raw materials and off specification lime as construction
materials
– Results:
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•
•
•
•
•
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Investment: ~USD 55,000
Savings: ~ USD 200,000
Reduction GHG emissions: 220 ton
Increase electricity consumption: ~ 45,000 kWhr
Reduction fuel oil consumption: ~ 66,000 litres
Material savings: 730 ton
Water savings: 14,700 kl
Waste reduction: ~ 15,000 ton
www.energyefficiencyasia.org
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National Cleaner Production Centres
• Established to foster adaptation
and adoption of Cleaner
Production
1. Information and awareness creation
2. Professional training
3. Plant level assessments and
demonstrations
4. Policy advice
5. Technology transfer and investment
– Programme launched in 1994 and
expanded to 47 countries
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concepts
Industrial Symbiosis
– Engages traditionally separate industries in a collective
approach to competitive advantage involving physical
exchange of materials, energy, water, and/or by-products
• The keys to industrial symbiosis are:
– Collaboration and
– Synergistic possibilities
offered by geographic
proximity
Chertow, M 2000, 'Industrial Symbiosis: Literature and Taxonomy',
Annual Review of Energy and Environment, vol. 25, pp. 313-337
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concepts
Collaboration Process
and
Outcome
process
Eco-Industrial
Development
Industrial Symbiosis
Exchanging by-products and
other resources between firms
Applying best environmental management
practices for industrial parks, including,
but not limited to material exchanges
between firms
Industrial Eco-System
Eco-Industrial Park
outcome
van Berkel, R. 2006. Regional Resource Synergies for Sustainable
Development in Heavy Industrial Areas, Curtin University, Perth
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Evidence from the Field
• Industrial Symbiosis in Practice
– Kalundborg – Denmark
• Uncovered in 1989
– Kawasaki – Japan
• Developed and uncovered from 1997
– Kwinana – Australia
• Uncovered and further developed from 2002
• The 3 Ks!
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Kalundborg
• Town in Denmark
• Existing power station and pharmaceutical company
• Planned oil refinery could initially not be established
due to lacking waste source
• Industries developed new joint water supply to enable
oil refinery investment in late 1960’s
• Since then industries expanded gradually and new ones
opened (gypsum, waste recovery), including through
expansion of the resource sharing
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Kalundborg
Tisso Surface
Water
Fertiliser Plant
sludge
sulphur
Kalundborg
Municipality
Statoil
water
fish farm
Bioteknisk
Jordens Soilrem
A/S
residual heat
electricity
cooling
water
compustible waste
for CHP plant
reservoir
water
steam
waste water
& sludge
Energy E2
Asnaes Power
Station
Novoren I/S
waste
fly-ash
compost for
biogas plant and
soil amelioration
waste water
Flyash (cement,
Vd and Ni
recovery)
gypsum
steam
Novozymes
A/S
Eight companies
Municipality
waste water
& sludge
fertiliser
van Berkel, R. 2006. Regional Resource Synergies for Sustainable
Development in Heavy Industrial Areas, Curtin University, Perth
paper, cardboard,
glass, metals for
recycling plants
Novo Nordisk
A/S
BPB Gyproc A/S
yeast slurry fodder
gypsum for soil
amelioration
(biogas) power
generation
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Quantitative Benefits Kalundborg (2003)
Location
Resource Exchange
Source Company
Use Company
Kalundborg,
Denmark
(2002) (3)
Surface Water
Piped from Lake Tiso to Statoil
Refinery to replace groundwater
Cooling Water
Statoil Refinery
Statoil Refinery, Asnaes
Power Station and Novo
Group
Asnaes Power Station
Treated
Effluent
Statoil Refinery
Asnaes Power Station
Asnaes Power Station
Statoil Refinery and Novo
Group
680,000 GJ/yr
Waste Heat Supply
Asnaes Power Station
570,000 GJ/yr
Boiler Water Supply
Asnaes Power Station
District Heating:
Kalundborg
Statoil Refinery
Salty Cooling Water
Supply
Asnaes Power Station
Fish Farms
By-Product
Supply
Refinery
Steam
City
Volume
Exchanged (1)
2.8 Gl/yr
0.5 GL/yr
9 ML/yr
of
50 ML/yr
23 GL/seawater
Net Benefits (2)
Environmental
Economic
Reduction of ground water
DKK 24.3 M/yr
extraction:
2.8 GL/yr
Reduction of surface water
DKK 3.25 M/yr
use
(water substitution only)
0.5 GL/year
Recapturing heat from
cooling water
Not quantified
Reduction of surface water
DKK 58,000/yr
use
9 ML/year
Combined estimated
impact on air emissions
compared to stand alone
gas fired boilers
CO2 : 155 ktpa
SO2 : - 304 tpa
NOx : 389 tpa
Presumably no operational
cost benefit as steam price is
linked to energy price.
Investment cost for steam
supply at Novo Group was
17% lower.
No data available
Higher efficiencies in
boiler water make up
plants at power station and
refinery, not quantified.
Reduction in seawater
intake:
23 GL/yr
Useful application of
residual heat:
39,000 GJ
Unknown
15% increase in fish growth
rates, estimated value DKK
40-70,000/yr
(1)
ML = Mega litre, GL = Giga litre, tph = ton per hour, tpa = ton per annum, ktpa = kilo ton per annum.
Excluding investment and depreciation costs
(3)
1 DKK = 0.127 USD (2002)
(2)
Jacobsen, N,(2006), The industrial symbiosis in Kalundborg: a
quantitative assessment of economic and environmental
Annual savings 27.5 M DKK (~ 3.5 M USD)
Water saving 23 GL (seawater) + ~ 3GL (surface
water)
Heat recovery: 39,000 GJ
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Urban Integration
Industrial
Symbiosis
Urban
Symbiosis
Eco-Towns
Use of byproducts from cities in industrial operations
Exploitation of synergistic opportunities arising from the geographic proximity
of urban waste sources and potential industrial users through the transfer of
physical resources (‘wastes’) for environmental and economic benefit
van Berkel, et all (i2009) Industrial and Urban Symbiosis in Japan:
analysis of the Eco-Town Programme 1997-2006, J Env Man, p 1544-15556 Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
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Kawasaki (2006)
Municipal Waste
Collecton
Waste Plastics
Commercial and Industrial
Waste Collectors
Stainless Steel
Scrap
Municipal Waste
Water Treatment
Plant
PET bottles
NAS
Stainless Steel
Mill
(370 ktpa)
13 main synergies
PET REBIRTH
PET to PET
Recycling Plant
(27.5 ktpa)
SHOWA DENKO
Chemical Works
(~ 125 ktpa)
soot
Construction Waste/Soil
DC Cement
( 1.01 Mtpa)
Organic Waste
Waste
Plastics
Scrap Metal
Blast
Furnace Slag
Home
Appliances
7 synergies achieve
waste diversion of
515 kt/yr
Sewage
Sludge
Waste Plastics
Paper
Sludge
JFE STEEL
Integrated Steel Works
(4 Mtpa)
Scrap Metal
Power
Light
Tubes
JFE ENVIRONMENT
Home Appliances
Dismantling
(400,000/yr)
JFE ENVIRONMENT
Fluorescent Light Tubes
Recycling
(5,000/day)
Process
Water
JFE ENVIRONMENT
Concrete Formwork
Plant
( 18ktpa)
4 synergies achieve
annual benefit of some
130 million USD
CORELEX
Paper Mill (69
ktpa)
Mixed Paper
Wastes
Waste Water
Treatment Plant
< 10,000 ton/yr
10,000 – 100,000 ton/yr
> 100,000 ton/yr
van Berkel, et all (2009) Quantitative Assessment of Urban and
Power
Micro-Turbine
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Kwinana
• Economic development zone created in 1960’s to cater for
development of resource industries
• Developed into an integrated resource processing zone
– Oil, alumina and nickel refineries, chemical and fertilizer
production, and supply industries
• Located 35 km south of Perth (1.4M), drought affected city
• Located >1,200 km away from nearest other major industries
• Close-knit industrial community, strong
collaboration on hazard identification and
safety management
Kwinana
Global Perspective
RECP and Industrial
Eco-Industrial
Parks Towns
3024
March
May 2011
2010
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Kwinana
CEMENT
MANUFACTURING
WORM FARM
BLOKPAVE
PRODUCER
CEMENT
MILL
CONCRETE
WASTES
MINERAL
PROCESSING
PLANT
INSULATION
PLANT
CARDBOARD
COMPOSTING
FACILITY
BLAST FURNACE SLAG
DOMESTIC ORGANIC WASTE
SILICA FUME
SPENT CPU
CATALYSTS
METHYL DIETHYL AMINE
FUSED ALUMINA
AND ZIRCON
PRODUCER
TRANSPORT
AND FREIGHT
LOGISTICS
COMPANY
AGRICULTURAL
CHEMICAL
PRODUCER
CARBON DIOIXDE
ALUMINA
REFINERY
INDUSTRIAL
GAS PRODUCER
HYDROGEN
OIL REFINERY
SULPHUR
CARBON DIOXIDE
SPENT NITRATE CATALYSTS
SPENT RCU CATALYSTS
FABRICATION &
EQUIPMENT
WAREHOUSE
PHARMACEUTICAL
COMPANY
SPECIALTY
CHEMICAL
PRODUCER
CEMENT & LIME
PRODUCER
LIME
KILN
DUST
3-5% AMMONIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION
ZIRCONIA
POWDER
PRODUCER
GAS FIRED
POWER
STATION
CHLOR ALKALI
PLANT
THERMAL
CERAMICS
PRODUCER
FERTILISER
PRODUCER
PETROLEUM
PRODUCTS
SUPPLIER
TITANIUM
DIOXIDE
PRODUCER
PRODUCER OF
LPG
COGENERATION
PLANT
80% SULPHURIC ACID
CONSTRUCTION
COMPANY
AMMONIUM CHLORIDE
DISTRIBUTOR
OF LPG
AMMONIUM SULPHATE
HYDROGEN
COAL FIRED
POWER
STATION
FLY ASH
WATER SUPPLY
& TREATMENT
COMPANY
ENGINEERING &
CONSTRUCTION
COMPANY
COAL MINE OVERBURDEN
FERTILISER
PRODUCER
HYDROGEN
98% SULPHURIC ACID
32 Material synergies
15 Utility synergies (not shown)
TITANIUM
MINERAL
PROCESSING
COMPANY
WATER
TREATMENT &
CHEMICAL
PRODUCER
LIME KILN DUST
PATIO TUBING
COMPANY
AMMONIUM SULPHATE
3-5% AMMONIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION
GYPSUM
STEEL PIPE
PRODUCER
PIG IRON PLANT
BAUXITE RESIDUE
CARBON DIOXIDE
AGRICULTURAL
CHEMICAL
PRODUCER
SHIPPING &
BULK PORT
FACILITY
SOIL
DECONTAMINATION COMPANY
COGENERATION
PLANT
SULPHUR
NICKEL
REFINERY
HYDROGEN (BACK-UP SUPPLY)
CARBON DIOXIDE
BIOSLUDGE
INDUSTRIAL
CHEMICAL AND
FERTILISER
PRODUCER
GRAIN
STORAGE &
HANDLING
FACILITY
INORGANIC
CHEMICAL
PRODUCER
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
MOBILE CRANE
HIRE COMPANY
CARBON
DIOXIDE
HYDROGEN
HYDROGEN
INDUSTRIAL
GAS PRODUCER
CARBON DIOXIDE
CARBON DIOXIDE
CARBON DIOXIDE
SULPHUR
PROCESS RESIDUE
FLY ASH
TURF FARM
NICKEL MINE
Van Beers, D. et al (2007), Industrial Symbiosis in the Australian Minerals
Industries: the cases of Kwinana and Gladstone, J of Ind Ecol, 55-72
LEGEND:
Member companies of the
Kwinana Industries Council
TURF FARM
COAL MINE
Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
SYNTHETIC
RUTILE PLANT
Non-member companies of the
Kwinana Industries Council
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Making It Happen
• Policy strategies for Industrial Symbiosis
– Eco-Industrial Planning
• Physical planning and environmental management important
• Location decision not influenced by potential by-products
– Recycling Legislation
• Long term targets provide certainty of supply of recyclables and guarantee
willingness to pay
– Waste Exchanges – Matchmaking
• Important to connect waste generators with recyclers, but less suitable for
process applications that require some processing
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Policy and Cooperation Spectrum
Reliance on self-organisation
By-Product
Exchanges
Regional
Resource
Synergies
Eco-Industrial
Park
Utility Sharing
Joint
Management of
Park Faciilities
Business opportunities
and risks
Potential triple bottom
line benefits
Industrial
Symbiosis
Effectiveness of current policy instruments
for spatial planning and environmental management
van Berkel, R. 2006. Regional Resource Synergies for Sustainable
Development in Heavy Industrial Areas, Curtin University, Perth
Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
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Concluding Remarks
• Industrial (and Urban) Symbiosis
– Proven sustainable industrial development and
innovation strategy
– The desirable, but not exclusive, aim of EcoIndustrial Parks
• Complementary nature
– Efficiency + Symbiosis = Green Industry Platform
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Thank You
René VAN BERKEL
Chief, Cleaner and Sustainable Production Unit
[email protected]
www.unido.org/cp
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