Transcript Aeronautical Decision Making

Aeronautical
Decision
Making
Robert Jex
Pan Am Int’l Flight Academy
What is ADM?
• The systematic approach to the mental process
pilots use to consistently determine the best
course of action in response to a given set of
circumstances.
• Systematic = Consistent!
References:
• Aviation Instructor’s Handbook
• Airplane Flying Handbook
• Instrument Flying Handbook
• 2003 Pilot’s Hdbk. Of Aero. Knowledge
• AC 60-22: Aeronautical Decision Making
• Jeppesen Flight Instructor Manual
• King Schools Practical Risk Mgmt. course
Favorite Aviation Quotes, Part 1:
• “A superior pilot uses his superior
judgment to avoid situations requiring his
superior skill.”
Why teach ADM?
• All flying involves risk.
• ADM is a tool to manage those risks.
• ADM helps prevent accidents!
“Risk Elements” in ADM
• Pilot
• Aircraft
• Environment
• Mission
Situational Awareness (“SA”)
• The accurate perception and
understanding of all the factors and
conditions within the four risk elements
that affect safety before, during, and after
the flight.
• Situational Awareness is critical in ADM!
Favorite Aviation Quotes, Part 2:
• “Never allow your aircraft to go to a place
your mind didn’t go to five minutes
earlier.”
Favorite Aviation Quotes, Part 3:
• “If, in an airplane, you ever wonder where
you are, the answer is that you are in the
wrong place.”
- Richard Collins
Human factors in accidents
• Up to 75% of aviation accidents are in
some way related to human factors.
• Many accidents stem from a chain of
events.
• Break a link anywhere in the chain and
you’ll prevent the accident.
Hazardous Attitudes
• Anti-authority
– Antidote: Follow the rules!
• Impulsivity
– Antidote: Think first!
• Invulnerability
– Antidote: “It could happen to me”
• Macho
– Antidote: Taking chances is foolish
• Resignation
– Antidote: I can make a difference here!
“DECIDE” model
• Detect
– Observe a change possibly requiring pilot action
• Estimate
– Look at the need to address this change
• Choose
– Visualize a desireable outcome
• Identify
– Which actions will successfully control the change?
• Do
– Take action!
• Evaluate
– Check the results of the action; repeat above steps
Teaching ADM
• Risk Elements
• Accounting for Human Factors
• Operational Pitfalls (Temptations, Errors)
• Responsibility of the PIC
• Scenarios
ADM Scenarios
• Trainee briefs wx; Preliminary Go/No-Go
• Trainee briefs lesson & backup plans
• CFI places bolt on ground near a/c…
• Diversion/Lost scenario
• Simulated impending systems failures…
• Others???
Summary
• ADM is a risk management tool
• SA is a key ingredient
• Accidents often stem from human factors,
including hazardous attitudes
• Accidents usually from a chain of events
• ADM is repetitive, info-based process
• CFI’s should teach and evaluate ADM