Transcript Cash Transfer Programs (CTPs) at the IRC

From Harm to Home
Market Analysis in Emergencies
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From Harm to Home
True or False?
• There is no need to analyze markets when we
already have pre-positioned stock in
warehouses.
• In an emergency there is barely time to asses the
needs let alone the markets.
• Analyzing markets requires a sophisticated skill
set and our organization does not have the
capacity.
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From Harm to Home
Market systems matter
Ensuring survival
• Providing essential items or services
to meet basic needs
Protecting livelihoods
• Providing tools, agricultural inputs and
services, or replacing other livelihood
assets
• Providing jobs and opportunities for
wage labour, or linking to buyers for
their produce
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From Harm to Home
Market Based Programming
Market
Integrated
Relief
Market
Indifferent
Objective: meet basic
Objective: meet basic
needs (food security,
etc.)
needs through temporary
interventions that restore
markets
Activities:
Activities:
• Targeted support to
market actors
(grants, loans,
transport
subsidies,
temporary storage)
• Support to supply
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•
•
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Indirect Support
Through Markets
Local and regional
food purchase
Cash and vouchers
Seed fairs
Market
Strengthening and
Development
Objective: economic
recovery, improvement
in income & livelihoods
Activities:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Support to productive
and sustainable
agriculture
Employment creation
financial services
Supply and value
chains
Productive assets
Enterprise
development
Market Analysis Approaches
From Harm to Home
Different tools, but common characteristics
• Focus on ‘market systems’ for specific
items/services
• Evaluate capacity of market to deliver sufficient
quantity of those items to meet needs
• Links market functioning to different types of
emergency responses
Three popular market analysis tools:
• MIFIRA Framework
• RAM and MAG
• EMMA Toolkit
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From Harm to Home
Market Information for Food Insecurity
Response Analysis (MIFIRA) Framework
• Specific to food markets
• Decision tree:
1. Are food markets functioning? If yes 
cash/voucher
2. If no is food available nearby? To evaluate
local/regional procurement or transoceanic
shipment of food
• Cornell University, Tufts University, CARE
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Barret et al, 2009
From Harm to Home
Rapid Assessment of Markets (RAM)
• Seeks to rapidly understand if cash-based
interventions are market-appropriate
• Evaluates if markets can provide:
• Volume of the goods affected households need
• At the appropriate time
• At stable prices
• Market Analysis Guidelines (MAG) provide
guidance for further in-depth analysis
• Developed by Red Cross Movement
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From Harm to Home
Emergency Market Mapping and Analysis
Toolkit (EMMA)
• 3-strands of analysis
• Market maps are the main tools
• Purpose: to identify the most
appropriate responses based on
market functioning and household
need
• Direct and indirect responses
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From Harm to Home
EMMA’s core logic
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Past
Present
Future
Baseline
Impact
Forecast
Baseline market map – Beans, Haiti
The Market Environment:
Institutions, Rules,
Norms & Trends
RISING
FUEL
COSTS
LARGE
IMPORT
TARIFFS
OBSTRUCTIVE
TRADE LICENCE
RULES
POLICY
OBSTACLES TO
FOOD TRADING
SEASONAL
EMPLOYMENT
PATTERNS
CORRUPTION OF
MARKET OFFICIALS
WEAK FARMER
ORGANISATION
From Harm to Home
RESTRICTIONS ON
WOMEN’S ACCESS TO
MARKETS
GROWING
UNRELIABILITY OF
RAINFALL
The Market Chain:
Market Actors & Their Linkages
URBAN
RETAILERS
IMPORTER /
WHOLESALER
IMPORTS
FROM U.S.A.
DISTRICT
TRADERS
VILLAGE
TRADERS
LANDLESS RURAL
HOUSEHOLDS
WOMEN’S
GARDEN
PRODUCTION
RURAL
HOUSEHOLDS
WITH LAND
PROVINCIAL
TRADERS
IMPORTS
FROM
DOMINIC. REP.
COMMERCIAL
FARMERS
Key Infrastructure, Inputs
& Market Support Services
RURAL ROADS
AND BRIDGES
CASUAL
LABOURERS
WAREHOUSING
STORAGE
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URBAN
HOUSEHOLDS
FARM
INPUTS
BUSINESS
LOANS
INFORMAL
CREDIT
LEASING OF
TRUCKS
Emergency-affected market map – Beans, Haiti
From Harm to Home
The Market Environment:
Institutions, Rules,
Norms & Trends
RISING
FUEL
COSTS
LARGE
IMPORT
TARIFFS
OBSTRUCTIVE
TRADE LICENCE
RULES
POLICY
OBSTACLES TO
FOOD TRADING
SEASONAL
EMPLOYMENT
PATTERNS
CORRUPTION OF
MARKET OFFICIALS
WEAK FARMER
ORGANISATION
RESTRICTIONS ON
WOMEN’S ACCESS TO
MARKETS
GROWING
UNRELIABILITY OF
RAINFALL
The Market Chain:
Market Actors & Their Linkages
URBAN
RETAILERS
IMPORTER /
WHOLESALER
IMPORTS
FROM U.S.A.
DISTRICT
TRADERS
VILLAGE
TRADERS
LANDLESS RURAL
HOUSEHOLDS
WOMEN’S
GARDEN
PRODUCTION
RURAL
HOUSEHOLDS
WITH LAND
PROVINCIAL
TRADERS
IMPORTS
FROM
DOMINIC. REP.
COMMERCIAL
FARMERS
Key Infrastructure, Inputs
& Market Support Services
RURAL ROADS
AND BRIDGES
CASUAL
LABOURERS
WAREHOUSING
STORAGE
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URBAN
HOUSEHOLDS
FARM
INPUTS
BUSINESS
LOANS
INFORMAL
CREDIT
LEASING OF
TRUCKS
From Harm to Home
Why wait until disaster strikes?
• Pre-Crisis Market Analysis
• Understanding how
markets function at baseline
• Use hypothetical disaster
scenarios
• Estimate how markets will
respond to the shock
• Guidance currently being
developed by the IRC and
Oxfam
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From Harm to Home
Market-based DRR and preparedness
programming
• Risk Reduction
• Identify and strengthen weak points in market systems
• Support traders to improve resilience of own supply
chains
• Preparedness
• Pre-selection of response mechanisms
• Market early warning systems – inputs from traders on
prices, volumes, etc.
• Building staff capacity
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From Harm to Home
Linking program and logistics teams
• Logistics personnel know the markets – the
actors, infrastructure, prices, policies and customs, etc.
• Strengthening market supply chains  better
cash or voucher programs
• Pre-positioning agreements with traders or
voucher shops, operational SOPs, vouchers,
etc.
• Mainstreaming market-sensitive approaches
across all sectors
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From Harm to Home
EMMA Toolkit
www.emma-toolkit.org
Markets in Crises Community of Practice
www.dgroups.org/dfid/mic
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From Harm to Home
Gregory Matthews
Sr. Technical Advisor for Economic Recovery
[email protected]
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