The Role of Industry Standards for the Administration of
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Transcript The Role of Industry Standards for the Administration of
The Role of Industry
Standards for the
Administration of Global
System Landscapes
Dr. Gregor Karl Frey
SAP, NW Operations Infrastructure
Introduction
The Need for Standards
Process: ITIL
Model: CIM
API: JMX
Protocol: WS-Management
Why Standards are not Enough
The NetWeaver Administrator and its Partner Strategy
Typical IT-Scenario: Service Level Management
An IT-Service Center, which runs a portal for Employee Self
Services, has contractually agreed with its customer, that
The portal is available every weekday, from 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM
For at least 90% of the time
With a maximal login time of 5 sec
For 2000 concurrent users.
To fulfill such an Service Level Objective (SLO)
The required hardware and software capacity must be determined
(Capacity Management)
The metrics related to the SLO must be monitored and recorded
(Availability Management)
The configuration of the software must be changed according to needs
(Configuration Management)
The downtime for the application of patches and upgrades must be
planed (Release Management)
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Typical IT-Scenario: Root Cause Analysis
An IT-User reports that the Employee Self Service System
Responds not fast enough
Shows an error, when a certain transaction is executed
Does not log her in
As a consequence the IT-Service Center
Verifies the availability of the required resources
Controls and compares configuration data
Checks all response-time related monitoring records
Searches for critical errors in log-files
Sets up a test system with a higher trace level to replay the scenario
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Introduction
The Need for Standards
Process: ITIL
Model: CIM
API: JMX
Protocol: WS-Management
Why Standards are not Enough
The NetWeaver Administrator and its Partner Strategy
Managed Objects
Storage
Access Control List
Firewall
Certificates
Load Balancer
Telecom Devices
Network
Printer
File system
Desktop Software
Database
Licenses
Application Server
Middleware
Business Application
Chipset
Web Service
Appliance
Operating System
Network Accelerator
User
…
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World Wide System Landscape
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Distributed Business Processes
Order Process
Business Processes depend not only on internal but additionally on
external services
The IT-service center is responsible for the whole process
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Cascading of Help Desks
Incident
Customer
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Incident
Incident
Analysis
from
Customer
Analysis
from
Customer &
SAP
SAP
Partner
Industry Standards
Metrical System
Paper Sizes
Character Encoding
C, C++, C#
HTML
HTTP
TCP/IP
XML
Web Service
POP3
Ethernet
GSM
WiFi
UMTS
Public Key Cryptography
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Introduction
The Need for Standards
Process: ITIL
Model: CIM
API: JMX
Protocol: WS-Management
Why Standards are not Enough
The NetWeaver Administrator and its Partner Strategy
What is ITIL?
ITIL
is a reference model for all management processes of IT-services.
creates a common vocabulary for describing IT-services,
consisting of its glossary of tightly defined terms
is a series of books published by the OGC (Office of Government
Commerce), formerly CCTA (Central Computer and
Telecommunications Agency)
is supported by the British Standards Institution for IT service
Management (BS15000)
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Advantages of ITIL
1. Make quality improvements measurable. ITIL defines Key
Performance Indicators (KPIs)
2. IT-Processes are intentionally designed. They become flexible
and transparent.
3. All IT-Processes are aligned and consistent.
4. ITIL provides a terminological standard.
5. Internal communication as well as the communication to and
from end-users and customers is integral part of the itprocesses. Increased customer satisfaction.
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ITIL Framework
Planning of the Implementation of Service Management
Service Support
ICT
Infrastructure
Management
(ICTIM)
Business
Perspective
Service Delivery
Security
Application Management
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Technology
Business
Service Management
Service Delivery
The Service Delivery is concerned with the pro-active services that
the business requires of its ICT provider in order to provide
adequate support to the business users.
The discipline consists of the following processes:
Service Level Management
Capacity Management
IT Service Continuity Management
Availability Management
Financial Management
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Service Support
The service support ensures that the customer has access to the
appropriate services to support the business functions.
The discipline consists of the following processes:
Service Desk
Incident Management
Problem Management
Change Management
Release Management
Configuration Management
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Introduction
The Need for Standards
Process: ITIL
Model: CIM
API: JMX
Protocol: WS-Management
Why Standards are not Enough
The NetWeaver Administrator and its Partner Strategy
What is CIM?
CIM is
an implementation neutral model for the description of
management information
defines schemas of managed objects in the real world
facilitates the integration of management information from
different sources
object-oriented model with relational aspects (keys)
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CIM Schema Overview
Extension
Models
Core Model
CIM Schema
Syntax Rules
Meta-Schema
CIM Specification
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User
System
Support
Policy
Physical
Networks
Metrics
Events
Interoperability
Device
Database
Application
Common
Models
Technology- and Vendor-specific extensions
CIM Meta-Model
CIM objects are instances of classes
CIM objects possess a key (single or multi-valued)
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J2EE Application Server Model
J2EE_EJB
System
J2EE_ResourcesOnServer
Service
*
J2EE_Resource
J2EE_DeployedObject
(Abstract)
1
*
J2EE_Server
0..1
1
1
*
1
J2EE_ModulesOnServer
*
J2EE_ServerProcesses
1..n
Process
DeploymentDescriptor: string
J2EE_DeployedObjectsOnServer
Vendor: string
Version: string
J2EE_Module
J2EE_ServiceComponent
1 J2EE_Application
*
J2EE_AppsOnServer
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J2EE_Servlet
Database Model
Based on RFC 1697 (RDBMS MIB)
FileSystem
EnabledLogicalElement
(See Core Model)
*
DatabaseStorageArea
StorageExtent
(See Core Model)
1
PersistenceType : enum
OtherPersistenceType : string
NumberOfFiles : uint32
Recoverable : enum
IsSystemArea : boolean
Recoverable : enum
LastBackup : datetime
DatabaseSegment
CommonDatabase
InstanceId: string {key}
DatabaseVersion: string
SizeAllocated: uint32
SizeUnits: uint16 {enum}
LastBackup: datetime
1
DatabaseStorageAreaSegment
HeaderFileName : string
OtherPurpose : string
NextExtentSize : uint64
MinimumExtents : uint64
{units=Bytes}
MaximumExtents : uint64
{units=Bytes}
PercentIncrease : uint16
NumberOfFreeLists : uint32
1
Service
(See Core Model)
ServiceAvailableToDatabase
DatabaseService
*
*
AssociatedDatabaseSystem
1..n
DatabaseFile
DatabaseSystem
*
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(See Core Model)
DatabaseStorage
(See System Model)
StartupTime: datetime
OperationalStatus: uint16 {enum}
LastStatusChangeTime: datetime
ConnectionLimit: uint32
ServiceAvailableToDatabase
*
LogicalFile
*
ApplicationSystem
(See Application Model)
AvailableState: uint16 {enum}
OtherAvailableState: string
ActiveTime: datetime
MOF Example
[Version ( "2.8.0" ), Description (
Qualifiers
"CIM_J2eeApplication identifies a J2EE application that resides "
"on a J2ee Server.")]
class CIM_J2eeApplication : CIM_ApplicationSystem {
[Override ( "Name" ), Description (
Class Name
"The name of a J2EE Application. The name MUST be "
"constructed using the form specified in JSR77.3.1.1.1 in "
"order to avoid the need for manual key propagation."),
MaxLen ( 256 ),
MappingStrings { "JSR77.JCP|JSR77.3.1.1.1 objectName|V1.0" }]
string Name;
[Description (
"Contains the original XML deployment descriptor that was "
"created for this application during the deployment process."),
MappingStrings { "JSR77.JCP|JSR77.3.5.0.1 "
"deploymentDescriptor|V1.0" }]
string DeploymentDescriptor;
};
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Properties
Visio
Demo
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WMI CIM Studio
Demo
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Introduction
The Need for Standards
Process: ITIL
Model: CIM
API: JMX
Protocol: WS-Management
Why Standards are not Enough
The NetWeaver Administrator and its Partner Strategy
What is JMX?
JMX is an infrastructure specification for managing business
applications, services and devices written in Java, and is
divided into
Instrumentation level
Agent level
Distributed services level
JMX does not specify an object model, such as CIM
JMX does not include tool specifications
JMX allows remote access through separately defined
management protocols
SAP AG 2005, Title of Presentation / Speaker Name / ‹#›
JMX Architecture
Distributed
Services
Level
Proprietary Management
Application
Web Browser
Proprietary Management
Application
C
JMX
Manager
C
PA
C
C
Agent Level
Mbean
Server
Agent
Services
Resource 1
(MBean)
Instrumentation
Level
Host 1
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Resource 2
(MBean)
Host 2
MBeans
Managed Beans (MBeans) are proxies for managed objects
such as business applications, services and devices
MBeans define
At least one constructor
Getter and Setter methods
Operations
Notifications
MBeans are accessible through MBean Servers in a uniform
fashion but can be implemented in four different ways:
Standard MBeans
Dynamic MBeans
Open MBeans
Model MBeans
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Example for a MBean
public interface LoadStatisticsMBean {
public int getNumberOfUsers();
public class LoadStatistics
implements LoadStatisticsMBean {
public int getNumberOfRequests();
public int getNumberOfUsers(){
return numberOfUsers;
}
public double
getAverageRequestTime();
public long getAverageSessionSize();
public int getNumberOfRequests() {
return numberOfRequests;
}
}
public double
getAverageRequestTime() {
return averageRequestTime;
}
public long
getAverageSessionSize() {
return averageSessionSize;
}
}
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The MBean Server
MBeans are registered under an object name
An object name has the form:
[<domain name>]:<property>=<value> (,<property>=<value>)*
Object names can contain wildcards *, ?.
Example: *:description=printer, type=laser, *
MBeans are (instantiated and) registered with object names
which have to be unique within one MBean Server
MBeans can be queried using
An object name with wildcards, called the scope
Additional criteria referring to MBean attributes
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Example Registration with MBeanServer
MBeanServer mbs = ManagementFactory.getPlatformMBeanServer();
ObjectName name1 = new ObjectName("example1:type=LoadStatistics");
LoadStatistics load = new LoadStatistics();
mbs.registerMBean(load, name1);
Demo
Start Eclipse
Start JConsole
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Introduction
The Need for Standards
Process: ITIL
Model: CIM
API: JMX
Protocol: WS-Management
Why Standards are not Enough
The NetWeaver Administrator and its Partner Strategy
What is WS-Management?
WS-Management defines a SOAP-based protocol for Systems
Management
Is a profile – a collection of references to other composable
specs: WS-Addressing, WS-Eventing, WS-Transfer and WSEnumeration
Specifies extensions to and restricts how these protocols can be
used
Designed to scale down to small-devices
Defined over existing standards – HTTP/S, TCP/IP, TLS, XML,
URI, SOAP
Designed to be Information Model-agnostic - compatible with the
CIM Object Model
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WS-Management: Architecture (2)
* MTOM: SOAP Message Transmission Optimization Mechanism
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WS-Management Operations
Typical systems management operations
Discover the presence of manageable resources
Get, Update and Delete properties of managed resources
Create references to manageable resources
Enumerate the contents of containers and collections such as large tables and logs
Subscribe to events emitted by managed resources
Execute specific management methods
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WS-Transfer Get
Get
Response
Get
Manager
1.
<CIM_Processor>
1.
<Envelope>
2. 1. <Envelope>
<Family>165</Family>
2.
<Header>
3. 2. <DeviceID>CPU0</DeviceID>
<Header>
<To>http://sap_server/wsman</To>
4.3.3. <OtherFamilyDescriptor>”Intel
® Xeon (TR)”</OtherFamilyDescriptor>
<To>http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing/role/anonimous</To>
4.
<ResourceURI>wsman://……../Processor</ResourceURI>
5. 4. <MaxClockSpeed
>3000</MaxClockSpeed>
<Action>http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/09/transfer/GetResponse</Action>
5.
<Action>http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/09/transfer/Get</Action>
6.
5. <CurrentClockSpeed>3000</CurrentClockSpeed>
<RelatesTo>uuid:91c167fb-2c3a-4F1A-8d59-01b0c18a0723</RelatesTo>
6.
<SelectorSet>
7. 6. <DataWith>32</DataWith>
</Header>
<Selector Name=“DeviceID”>CPU0</Selector>
8.7.
<AddressWith>32</AddressWith>
</SelectorSet>
9.8. 7. <LoadPercentage>2</LoadPercentage>
<Body> DATA</Body>
9.
<ReplyTo>http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/…/addressing/role/anonymous</ReplyTo>
10.
<Stepping>5</Stepping>
8. </Envelope>
10.
<MessageID>uuid:91c167fb-2c3a-4F1A-8d59-01b0c18a0723</MessageID>
11.
</CIM_Processor>
11. </Header>
12. <Body> </Body>
13. </Envelope>
SAP AG 2005, Title of Presentation / Speaker Name / ‹#›
Introduction
The Need for Standards
Process: ITIL
Model: CIM
API: JMX
Protocol: WS-Management
Why Standards are not Enough
The NetWeaver Administrator and its Partner Strategy
Standards
Topic
Standard
(adopted by SAP)
Standard
Body
Information Model
Common Information Model
(CIM)
DMTF
Protocol
WS-Management (WS-Man)
DMTF
Instrumentation
Java Management
Extensions (JMX)
JCP
CIM, WS-Man, and JMX are
orthogonal standards
CIM
Information
Model
WS-Man
Instrumentation
JMX
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Together they ensure full
interoperability: Plug-and-Manage
Interconnection of JMX, CIM & WS-M
For a Management
Application
a MBeanServer
“looks like”
a lightweight CIM-OM
Management Application
«system»
Server
1
hosts
*
«service»
Deployed Object
DeploymentDescriptor
WS-Man
«service»
Application
0..1
1..*
«service»
Module
WS-Man
JMX-WSM Adapter
CIM-WSM Adapter
MBeanServer
CIM-OM
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EndpointReferences, ObjectNames, CIM-Classes
WS-Man
EndpointReference
<wsa:to>http://myMbeanServer</wsa:to>
<wsm:ResourceURI>
http://schemas.dmtf.org/wsman/2005/06/cimv2.9/CIM_J2EEApplication
</ wsm:ResourceURI>
<wsm:SelectorSet>
<wsm:Selector Name=„Name“>Petstore</wsm:Selector>
<wsm:Selector Name=„CreationClassName“>
CIM_J2eeApplication
</wsm:Selector>
</wsm:SelectorSet>
addresses
refers to
JMX ObjectName
CIM Class
:CIMClass= CIM_J2eeApplication,
Name=Petstore,
CreationClassName=CIM_J2eeApplication
class CIM_J2eeApplication : CIM_ApplicationSystem {
string Name;
string DeploymentDescriptor;
}
is Instance of
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Mapping of DataTypes: CIM-Class, XSD-Type, MBean
[Version ( "2.8.0" ), Description (
"CIM_J2eeApplication identifies a J2EE application that
resides "
"on a J2ee Server.")]
class CIM_J2eeApplication : CIM_ApplicationSystem {
[Override ( "Name" ), Description (
"The name of a J2EE Application.
The name MUST
beCIM_J2eeApplication_Type">
"
<xs:complexType
name="
"constructed using the form<xs:annotation>
specified in JSR77.3.1.1.1 in "
"order to avoid the need for manual
key propagation."),
<xs:appinfo>
MaxLen ( 256 ),
<cim:Class>CIM_J2eeApplication</cim:Class>
MappingStrings { "JSR77.JCP|JSR77.3.1.1.1
objectName|V1.0"
<cim:Superclass>
CIM_ApplicationSystem</cim:Superclass>
}]
</xs:appinfo>
string Name;
</xs:annotation>
<xs:sequence>
[Description (
<xs:element name="Name" type="xs:string"/>
"Contains the original XML deployment
descriptor
that was "
<xs:element
name=“DeploymentDescriptor"
type="xs:string"/>
"created for this application</xs:sequence>
during the deployment
process."),
</xs:complexType>
XSD-Type
MappingStrings { "JSR77.JCP|JSR77.3.5.0.1 "
"deploymentDescriptor|V1.0" }]
string DeploymentDescriptor;
public class CIM_J2eeApplicationMBean
};
extends CIM_ApplicationSystemMBean {
public String Name;
public String DeploymentDescriptor;
CIM-Class
}
MBean
SAP AG 2005, Title of Presentation / Speaker Name / ‹#›
Introduction
The Need for Standards
Process: ITIL
Model: CIM
API: JMX
Protocol: WS-Management
Why Standards are not Enough
The NetWeaver Administrator and its Partner Strategy
SAP’s Partner Philosophy
Unobtrusiveness
Whatever tools and processes a customer prefers to administrate
his IT-landscape, the management and monitoring of SAP-software
must be possible from within this environment.
Completeness
To operate his SAP-software a customer is not required to buy and
run any other management application then the operation tools
provided by SAP.
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Plug-And-Manage Data bus
Discovery
Incidents
Monitors
Landscape
Reports
Configuration
SUN
Storages
MS OM
Amberpoint
HP OV
Give and take of management data
Chain of services provided on top of this data
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Use Cases
Outbound: Providing NW data into 3rd party management
applications
A partner wants to see the SAP monitoring data in his management
application (MS MOM, HP OpenView, IBM Tivoli, CA Unicenter) and
wants to manage SAP systems from within this applications.
Depending on the setup of the management solution at the
customer side, the partner application is used additionally to the
NWAdmin or it aims to substitute the NWAdmin completely.
Inbound: Integration of 3rd party resources into NWA
A partner wants his own resources to be managed and monitored by
the SAP NWAdmin. Examples: Http-Load-Balancer (Cisco), Storage
Devices (SUN), Chipset (Intel), OS (MS). A user might want to see the
status of the device, to start or stop it, analyze the logs, get info
about the load … The data should be includable in overall reports
and guided operations should be definable for it
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NW-Integration Points for SOA-Management Partners
NWAdmin UI
central
ISV
Tool
WS-Man
Outbound
NWAdmin Data Provisioning
central
ISV
Resource
WS-Man
Inbound
NWAdmin Local Agent
local
NW Managed Resource
local
NetWeaver
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