P802.15.4 TG4 Tutorial
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Transcript P802.15.4 TG4 Tutorial
IEEE 802.15.4
and Zigbee Overview
Topics
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Slide 2
802.15.4
ZigBee
Competing Technologies
Products
Some Motorola Projects
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
9/27/05
IEEE 802.15.4 Applications Space
• Home Networking
• Automotive Networks
• Industrial Networks
• Interactive Toys
• Remote Metering
Slide 3
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
9/27/05
Some needs in the sensor
networks
Thousands of sensors in a small space Wireless
but sensors are frequently stand alone Low Power
and sensors are frequently isolated Moderate Range.
Some of the challenges facing the standards committee
Slide 4
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
9/27/05
802.15.4 General Characteristics
Data rates of 250 kb/s, 40 kb/s and 20 kb/s.
Star or Peer-to-Peer operation.
Support for low latency devices.
Fully handshaked protocol for transfer reliability.
Low power consumption.
Frequency Bands of Operation
16 channels in the 2.4GHz ISM* band
10 channels in the 915MHz ISM band
1 channel in the European 868MHz band.
* ISM: Industrial, Scientific, Medical
Slide 5
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
9/27/05
802.15.4 / ZigBee Architecture
Applications
ZigBee
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC
IEEE 802.15.4
868/915 MHz
PHY
Slide 6
IEEE 802.15.4
2400 MHz
PHY
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
• Packet generation
• Packet reception
• Data transparency
• Power Management
9/27/05
IEEE 802.15.4 PHY Overview
Operating Frequency Bands
868MHz / 915MHz
PHY
2.4 GHz
PHY
Channel 0
Channels 1-10
868.3 MHz
902 MHz
Channels 11-26
2.4 GHz
Slide 7
2 MHz
928 MHz
5 MHz
2.4835 GHz
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
9/27/05
IEEE 802.15.4 PHY Overview
Packet Structure
PHY Packet Fields
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Preamble (32 bits) – synchronization
Start of Packet Delimiter (8 bits)
PHY Header (8 bits) – PSDU length
PSDU (0 to 1016 bits) – Data field
Preamble
Start of
Packet
Delimiter
PHY
Header
6 Octets
Slide 8
PHY Service
Data Unit (PSDU)
0-127 Octets
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
9/27/05
802.15.4 Architecture
Applications
ZigBee
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC
IEEE 802.15.4
868/915 MHz
PHY
Slide 9
• Channel acquisition
• Contention mgt
• NIC address
• Error Correction
IEEE 802.15.4
2400 MHz
PHY
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
9/27/05
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Overview
Design Drivers
Extremely low cost
Ease of implementation
Reliable data transfer
Short range operation
• Very low power consumption
Simple but flexible protocol
Slide 10
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
9/27/05
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Overview
Typical Network Topologies
Slide 11
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
9/27/05
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Overview
Device Classes
• Full function device (FFD)
– Any topology
– Network coordinator capable
– Talks to any other device
• Reduced function device (RFD)
– Limited to star topology
– Cannot become a network coordinator
– Talks only to a network coordinator
– Very simple implementation
Slide 12
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
9/27/05
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Overview
Star Topology
PAN
Coordinator
Master/slave
Communications flow
Full function device
Reduced function device
Slide 13
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
9/27/05
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Overview
Peer-Peer Topology
Cluster tree
Point to point
Full function device
Slide 14
Communications flow
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
9/27/05
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Overview
Combined Topology
Clustered stars - for example,
cluster nodes exist between rooms
of a hotel and each room has a
star network for control.
Communications flow
Full function device
Reduced function device
Slide 15
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
9/27/05
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Overview
General Frame Structure
PHY Layer
MAC
Layer
Payload
Synch. Header
(SHR)
MAC Header
(MHR)
MAC Service Data Unit
(MSDU)
MAC Footer
(MFR)
MAC Protocol Data Unit (MPDU)
PHY Header
(PHR)
PHY Service Data Unit (PSDU)
4 Types of MAC Frames:
• Data Frame
• Beacon Frame
• Acknowledgment Frame
• MAC Command Frame
Slide 16
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
9/27/05
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Overview
Traffic Types
• Periodic data
– Application defined rate (e.g. sensors)
• Intermittent data
– Application/external stimulus defined rate (e.g.
light switch)
• Repetitive low latency data
– Allocation of time slots (e.g. mouse)
Slide 17
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
9/27/05
802.15.4 Architecture
Applications
• Network Routing
• Address translation
• Packet
Segmentation
• Profiles
ZigBee
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC
IEEE 802.15.4
868/915 MHz
PHY
Slide 18
IEEE 802.15.4
2400 MHz
PHY
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
9/27/05
ZigBee Stack Architecture
Slide 19
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
9/27/05
Typical ZigBee-Enabled Device Design
Typical design consist of RF IC and 8-bit
microprocessor with peripherals connected to an
application sensor or actuators
Slide 20
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
9/27/05
Wireless Technology Comparison Chart
34KB /14KB
356 mA
Slide 21
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
9/27/05
Competing/Similar Technologies
• Bluetooth
– http://www.bluetooth.org
– http://www.bluetooth.com
• X10
– Powerline protocol first introduced in the 1970's.
– http://www.x10.com/technology1.htm
• Z-wave
– Proprietary protocol for wireless home control networking.
– http://www.z-wavealliance.com/
• INSTEON
– Peer-to-peer mesh networking product that features a hybrid
radio/powerline transmission
– http://www.insteon.net
• nanoNET
– Proprietary set of wireless sensor protocols, designed to compete
with ZigBee.
– http://www.nanotron.com/
Slide 22
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
9/27/05
802.15.4/ZigBee Products
Control4 Home Automation
System
http://www.control4.com/products/
components/complete.htm
Software, Development Kits
• AirBee,
http://www.airbeewireless.com/pr
oducts.php
• Software Technologies Group,
http://www.stg.com/wireless/
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Slide 23
Eaton Home HeartBeat monitoring
system
www.homeheartbeat.com
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
Chip Sets
• Ember, http://www.ember.com/index.html
• ChipCon, http://www.chipcon.com
• Freescale, http://www.freescale.com
9/27/05
Motorola Activity
NeuRFonTM
• Implementation of 802.15.4 &
ZigBee
• Aimed at enterprises
– Asset Tracking
– Security
– Public Safety
• Range: 10m
• Transmission interval: ~ 4
minutes
• Nodes move, Controller does not
• Battery life: 1 week to several
years (nodes with 2 AA batteries)
• Interfaces: machine-only
Slide 24
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
9/27/05
Motorola Activity
ConformablesTM
• Implementation of 802.15.4 only
• Aimed at consumers
– Home device control
– Location awareness
– Personal reminders
• Range: 1 - 5m
• Phone is controller
• Both nodes and can controller
move
• Battery life: ~1 week years
(nodes with ~320 mAhr
rechargeable battery)
• Transmission interval: 1 second
• Interfaces: machine and human
Slide 25
Joe Dvorak, Motorola
SmartButton
LoBe
Janus
Digital Paperclip
9/27/05
More Information
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IEEE 2003 version of 802.15.4 MAC & Phy standard
– http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.15.4-2003.pdf
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ZigBee Specification
– http://www.zigbee.org/en/spec_download/download_request.asp
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802.15.4 Tutorial
– http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/15/pub/2003/Jan03/03036r0P80215_WG-802-15-4-TG4-Tutorial.ppt
– Slides 3 – 17 were adapted from this tutorial
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ZigBee Technology: Wireless Control that Simply Works
– http://www.hometoys.com/htinews/oct03/articles/kinney/zigbee.htm
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ZigBee Technology: Wireless Control that Simply Works
– http://www.hometoys.com/htinews/oct03/articles/kinney/zigbee.htm
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Home networking with Zigbee
– http://www.embedded.com//showArticle.jhtml?articleID=18902431
– Slides 19 – 21 were adapted from this article
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Can the competition lock ZigBee out of the home?
– http://www.techworld.com/mobility/features/index.cfm?FeatureID=1809