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3rd ASEE International Colloquium on Engineering Education TRACK ON INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION OF QUALIFICATIONS Breakout Session D, September 10, 2004 Beijing ESTABLISHING INFRASTRUCTURE FOR ENGINEERING PROFESSION IN JAPAN – ACCREDITATION, PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATION AND CPD – Hideo Ohashi Vice President, Japan Accreditation Board for Engineering Education Chairman, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan Impact of Globalization 1991: Collapse of Cold War Regime Globalization started to accelerate! 1995: /1 WTO founded > Accelerate free trade of services /11 APEC Summit Meeting > Mobility of engineers 1996: /3 Coordination of APEC Engr by HRD-WG started /5 Preparation for revision of PE Law /7 Study of accreditation of eng. education 1997: /11 Final agreement on requirements for APEC Engr 1998: /7 Preparation for founding accrediting organization 1999: /11 Foundation of JABEE 2000: /4 Amendment of Professional Engineers Law 2001: /3 First registration of APEC Engr 2002: /4 First JABEE accredited programs announced International events Japanese domestic events Confucius said ? Socrates said ? Learning for Truth Metaphysical means higher ! Working for Bread Life-long Professional Development of Engineers Fundamental Training Engineering education Training & Practicing Professional Qualification Continuing Prof. Development Engineers with global competence Accreditation system Domestic PE CPD provided by duty eng. societies, universities, companies, etc. duty Exemption of primary exam Global Quality International PE Assurance Equivalence APEC Eng. JABEE Eng. societies PDE Council (in preparation) Organization of JABEE General Assembly Auditors Regular & Supporting Members Industrial Advisory Board President Executive Committee Board of Directors Executive Director Staff/Office Criteria & Procedures Committee Accreditation Commission Appeal Commission Membership of JABEE NGO and independent of any educational institutions Regular Members: 90 major engineering societies IPEJ, JSME, JSCE, IEEJ, AIJ, SCEJ, IPSJ, MMIJ, ISIJ, FASJ, JSAP, JIMA,,,,, Supporting Members: 52 major industrial firms Canon, Denso, Fuji Film, Fujitsu, Hitachi, IHI, Kajima, Matsushita, MHI, NEC, TDK, Toshiba,, The government (MEXT and METI) has been supporting JABEE by Grant-in-Aid for developing criteria, training examiners, conducting pilot accreditation, promoting international exchange, etc. Relation among JABEE, Engineering Organizations, Educational Institutions and Industry Application for accreditation Government Support JABEE Accreditation Result Request for examination Examination Engineering Examination Organizations(90) Educational Institutions report Public Release Cooperation and support International Mutual Recognition Industry Supporting member ( 52 companies) Employment Progress of JABEE Activities Fiscal Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2010 / Target No. of Pilot Acc. 20 51 35 4 0 No. of Acc. Programs Sum Total 3 3 32 35 67 102 100 + 500 + No. of Acc. Graduates Annual Sum Total 200 200 2300 2500 4700 7200 30,000 + 1200 + No. of Certified Reviewers 102 335 529 744 Version of Documents; Criteria, Procedures, etc. Ver.1 Ver. 2 Ver. 3 Ver. 4 Financing – Fiscal Year 2003 – 3% Revenue 21% Accreditation Fees 35% 154 M\ Government Program 41% 4% Expenses 39% Membership Fees Others Administration 16% Accreditation Expenses 140 M\ Government Program 41% Others International Relations Year 2000 Observers sent to Instructors and reviewers invited from 2002 5th WA/BM Provisional status Washington Accord Meeting Memorandum of Understanding 2001 ABET ABET 12 IPENZ 1 2003 6thWA/BM Application for Signatory status IEAust ABET 7 CEAB 5 ABET 8 CEAB 5 IEAust 2 HKIE 4 ABET 5 CEAB 2 CCPE 2 EC, IEAust, HKIE, IEI, IPENZ,EC SA (total 8) CEAB,ABET, IPENZ as reviewers (twice) Membership in Washington Accord, 2003-2005 Mutual Recognition of the Equivalence in Engineering Education UK Canada Ireland Germany Japan USA Malaysia Hong Kong Singapore South Africa Signatory Member Provisional Member Australia New Zealand Amendment of Professional Engineers Law Composition of Engineers in Japan 300 thousand 1st Class Architect/Engineers 400 thousand R&D Engineers Target of Amendment 2.5 Million Engineers 1. Increase number of PEs by enhancing value and merit MDs of 250 thousand the title. 40 thousand PEs (quantity) before amendment 2. Improve compatibility Currently with foreign PEs by 56 thousand ! modifying rules. (quality) 500 thousand PEs 100 Thousand Annual Inflow of New Graduates Infrastructure of Supporting CPD for Engineers Needs Clients/Engineers Size of Enterprises • Small • Medium • Large Sort of Business • Manufacturing • Sales • Operation • R&D etc. Kind of Job • R&D • Design • Manufacturing • Management Diverse Services CPD Programs Disciplines • Mechanical • ICT, etc. Level • Introductive • Advanced Duration & time • Days, weeks • Semester •Day or evening Method • Face to face • Correspondence • E-Learning Seeds Providers Engineering Societies • Short term • Advanced topics Universities • Systematic courses • Degree and Diploma Training Centers of Industrial Companies • Needs oriented • Exclusive & efficient Industrial Associations • Practice oriented Education Companies • Commercial service Objectives of a Coordinating Organization in Preparation - PDE Council (tentative name) 1. Disseminate the importance of CPD among engineers and 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. employers Promote communication and cooperation of CPD providers Accredit CPD providers and assure the quality of programs Offer a common platform for the selection of programs based on the data base of available CPD services Introduce common format for the annotation and labeling of CPD programs Introduce common calculation method for CPD hours with properly defined weight factors Introduce CPD record format of individuals that is interchangeable across disciplines Conclusions • Establishment of engineering profession is indispensable to improve the public confidence on engineering and engineers. • Globalization requested us to reform traditionbased perception, value and culture. • Mutual communication and understanding within Asian region are needed for the future cooperation. Appendix Comparison of Terminologies used in China, Taiwan, Korea and Japan * Not used frequently Compiled by Hideo Ohashi based on the information given by Prof. Shouwen Yu of Tsinghua Univ. (China), Prof. Wenshion Chang of Lunghwa Univ. of Science and Technology (Taiwan) and Prof. Jaemin Hyun of KAIST (Korea). Statement to the public (1998) by Prof. H. Yoshikawa, President of JABEE 1. The safety and reliability of modern society depend heavily on human-made products such as materials, buildings, vehicles, information and communication devices and systems, etc. 2. Engineers are thoroughly responsible for such products, throughout planning, developing, designing, manufacturing and operating phases. Engineers must be qualified to accept such responsibility. 3. Society should recognize the role of engineers properly. To obtain the public understanding, there must be a publicly acceptable system that assures the professional qualification of engineers. 4. Introduction of Japanese version of Professional Engineer is urgent, that should be compatible, of course, with global standards. 5. Introduction of an accreditation system of engineering education at university level is also urgent. Accreditation not only assures the quality of fundamental education for engineers, but also generates strong driving force for the improvement of university education. 6. To maintain life-long expertise of engineers, the importance of Continuing Professional Development (CPD) must be recognized. Recognition of Engineering as a Profession What is “profession”? No historical background to understand the perception, since there is no indigenous terminology in Chinese-character cultural zone. Engineering Education Primary Examination Rout 3 Rout 2 Rout 1 Engineer in Training Final Examination Engineering practice more than 7 years License Continuing Professional Development Accredited Programs by JABEE Higher Education general X Initial Professional Development Education Revised Rules for Professional Engineers in 20 Divisions Professional Engineer, PE C P D Mutual Recognition Lifelong Engineering Career APEC Eng’r, PE, CEng, etc Rout 3 Rout 2 Initial Professional Development, IPD Rout 1 Engineer in Training Final Examination Rout 1: 4+ years training program under experienced supervisors Rout 2: 4+ years training as an assistant to a licensed PE Rout 3: 7+ years practice in engineering ********** Master in Engineering is counted as 2 years training.