Transcript Empires of India and China - World History With Mr. C.

Vocabulary Ch 4
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Moksha
Reincarnation
Karma
Dharma
Nirvana
Sect
Stupa
Mural
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Joint family
Dowry
Philosophy
Filial piety
Monopoly
Expansionism
Warlord
Acupuncture
Empires of India and
China
(600 B.C. – A.D. 550)
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Hinduism
• Grew out of the overlapping beliefs of the
diverse groups who settled India
– One of the world’s most complex religions
– Countless gods and goddesses
– Many forms of worship existing side by side
• *Hindu beliefs center on the concepts of
– Reincarnation “soul is an immortal body of light”
– Karma “life experiences through cause and effect”
– Moksha “liberation from the eternal cycles of death
and rebirth”
– Dharma “God's Devine Law, the law of being”
– The moral principles of duty, unimportance of self,
and nonviolence
Buddhism
Siddhartha Gautama
Buddha “he who is awake”
• The Buddha emphasized moral and ethical
rules
– Honesty and charity, and kindness to all living
creatures
– His teachings gave rise to a new religion,
Buddhism, that eventually spread through
Southeast and East Asia.
*Four Noble Truths
1. Suffering exists
2. Suffering arises from
attachment to desires
3. Suffering ceases when
attachment to desire ceases
4. Freedom from suffering is
possible by practicing the
Eightfold Path
*Noble Eightfold Path
Wisdom
1. Right View
2. Right Thought
Ethical Conduct
3. Right Speech
4. Right Action
5. Right Livelihood
Mental Development
6. Right Effort
7. Right Mindfulness
8. Right Contemplation
*Buddha’s version of the
golden rule
“Overcome anger by not
growing angry. Over
come evil with good.
Overcome the liar with
truth”
Buddhists and Hindus
• *Shared traditions
– Believed in karma,
dharma, moksha,
reincarnation and
nonviolence
• *Buddhists differed
from Hindus
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Rejected priests
Formal rituals
The many gods
The caste system
Summary
Summarize your notes in four or
more sentences
Extra Credit Illustration
• Now that you know the basic philosophy of
Buddhism.
• Create one symbol that represents their practices
– Use the four noble truths as the foundation
– With the eightfold path branching off from
there.
– This can be literal or an abstract image, be able
to explain the symbol.
• The illustration is due tomorrow
India A Center of World Trade
• Alexander opened up the
market
• By 110 BC Merchants sold
Indian textiles, gems,
incenses, and spices in
Central Asia, China, the
Middle East, Egypt, East
Africa, and Southeast Asia
The Guptas ‘A Golden Age’
320AD to 520AD
• The arts and literature
– Collected and preserved the
old
– Created new
• *Mathematics
– Gupta mathematicians
originated the concept of zero
• *Medicine
– vaccinated against smallpox
1,000 years before this practice
was introduced in Europe
The Caste System
• *Caste rules governed
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where people lived
what they ate
how they dressed
how they earned a living
• High caste members had
the most rules
• The untouchables the least
• *Effects of the caste
system
– Ensured a stable social
order
– Gave people a sense
of identity
– Ensured Spiritual Purity
Brahmins, the priests or spiritual class
Kshatriya, the nobility or ruling class
Vaishya, the merchants and farmers
Shudras or servants “untouchables”
Summary
Summarize your notes in four or
more sentences
Three Schools of Thought in
China
*Legalists
• Stressed strength,
not goodness, as a
ruler’s greatest
virtue
– Hitler, Stalin, and
Mao
*Daoists
• Rejected the
everyday world,
seeking to live in
harmony with nature
• Believed that the
best government
was the one that
governed least.
Confucius
• China’s most influential
philosopher
• Taught that harmony resulted
when people accepted their place
in society
• *Confucianism stressed five values
– Filial piety.... respect of parents
– Loyalty to superiors and respect for
inferiors
– Honesty
– Hard work
– Concern for others
551-479 BC
Confucian Government
• Confucian ideas spread to over a third of the worlds
population
• *Chinese rulers based their government on the
Confucian model
– The best ruler was a virtuous man who led by example
• Quotes
– "A man should practice what he preaches, but a man should
also preach what he practices."
– “He who merely knows right principles is not equal to him
who loves them.”
– “Mankind differs from the animals only by a little, and most
people throw that away.”
– “If you enjoy what you do, you'll never work another day in
your life.”
Qin (ch’in) Dynasty (221 B.C. - 206 B.C.)
Shi Huangdi united China
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*Built a strong, centralized,
authoritarian government using
merit and punishment
Forced noble families to live in the
capital
Standardized weights and
measures
Repaired and built infrastructure
Created uniformity in Chinese
writing
Built the Great Wall
– Became a symbol of their civilized
world
Han Dynasty
206BC to 220AD
• *Han rulers strengthened
China’s government and
economy using Confucian ideas
– Expanded China’s borders and
influence
– Opened up the *Silk Road
• Linking China and the west for
centuries
• 4000 miles very hard journey
– Set up the imperial university
• Civil service exams
– Improved canals and roads
– Monopolized salt and iron
Golden age of Chinese
civilization
• Made paper out
of wood pulp
• *Invented a
rudder
• Developed
anesthetics
Hua To (Hua Tuo)
110AD – 207AD
"Knowing well the way to keep
one in good health, Hua Tuo still
appeared in the prime of his life
when he was almost 100, and so
was regarded as immortal."
Summary
Summarize your notes in four or
more sentences
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