Transcript Unit 5 - Century High School

UNIT 5
India
HISTORY
• Mid 1700’s – Became a British colony
• Positive:
• Abolished slavery
• Improved schools
• Built a large railway network
HISTORY
Negative
India once had a thriving
textile industry based on
an abundance of Indian
cotton
GB exports Indian cotton
to British factories
GB manufactures cotton
a factories in Britain
costing Indian jobs
GB sells finished
products back to India
GANDHI
• An Indian law student who
studied in GB.
• While in GB he learned of
democracy and individual rights
that British citizens had but
Indians did not.
• Mahatma – Nickname given
to Gandhi. It means Great
Soul.
GANDHI
• Non-violent resistance – to
oppose and enemy using any
means other than violence
• Boycott – to refuse to
purchase or use
GANDHI
• Sympathy – Gandhi and his
followers gained world-wide
support in their efforts to win
independence. This put pressure
on GB to act.
• GB was concerned about
religious differences between
Muslims and Hindus.
• August 14, 1947 – India gained
independence. Due to religious
fighting, India was to be divided
PROTEST VIDEO
http://youtu.be/SNmJqRV7LOA
HISTORY
• Partition – To divide into parts
• This created to the country of
Pakistan and the largest human
migration in history
• 12.5 million people moved
between India and Pakistan to
avoid being governed by the
opposing religion
• The result was tragic and
resulted in the deaths of up to 1
million people
MIGRATION
MIGRATION
MIGRATION
MIGRATION
PARTITION
• India and Pakistan have had many threats and conflicts ever since
• Both are believed to possess nuclear weapons
Gandhi opposed the partition plan saying “Hindus and Muslims must learn
to live together in peace because apart we will live in violence.”
GANDHI QUOTES
•
“Personally, I hold that a man who deliberately and intelligently takes a pledge and then
breaks it forfeits his manhood.”
•
“An eye for an eye only ends up making the whole world blind.”
•
“I am prepared to die for a cause in which I believe, but there is no cause for which I am
prepared to kill.”
•
“You must be the change you wish to see in the world.”
•
“The weak can never forgive. Forgiveness is an attribute of the strong.”
RELIGION
• Main Religion in Hinduism but
Islam and Christianity are
common too.
BELIEFS
• 1. polytheism – the belief in many Gods
• 2. Every living thing has a spirit or a soul
• 3. Animals are treated with great respect
• 4. The cow is especially sacred
• 5. Brahma is the creator God
• 6. Unity with Brahma is the goal of all living things, but only when it is pure
enough.
• 7. The Ganges River is sacred. Bathing in it or drinking from it helps to purify
the soul.
HOLY COW!
GANGES RIVER
BELIEFS
BELIEFS
•
8. Hinduism teaches the unity of all
life.
•
9. reincarnation – The belief that
humans and animals are re-born.
The soul passes from body to body
until it is pure enough to be unified
with Brahma
•
10. If you die in the city of
Varanasi, You will skip the
reunification cycle and be unified
with Brahma. Varanasi lies on the
banks of the Ganges River and is
the Holiest city in the Hindu world.
CASTE SYSTEM
• Caste system – A social hierarchy where people are born into a distinct rank
in society
• 1. Brahmans – Priests, teachers, judges
• 2. Kshatriyas – warriors
• 3. Vaisays – farmers, merchants
• 4. Sudras – crafts workers, laborers
CASTE SYSTEM
• Outcastes or Untouchables –
They are the lowest class. They
do dirty work that no one else will
do. Mostly they are poor/beggars
UNTOUCHABLES
UNTOUCHABLES
LIFE
• 70% of Indians live in small rural
villages
• Rich housing – brick with a tile
roof
LIFE
• Poor housing – mud, thatch hut
LIFE
LIFE
• Many Hindus are vegetarians due to religious beliefs and poverty
• Hindu – No meat
• Muslims – No pork
• A Hindu might eat goat meat or chicken (usually with rice) but not usually
beef
LIFE
• Clothing is usually loose and light due to intense heat
• Sari – a brightly colored cloth that is draped around the body
• Purdah – the act of covering the face with a veil when in public
SARI
SARI
GOOGLE??
AND…..
AND…..
LIFE
• Joint family system – Extended family living together. Very common among
the poor (not just in India)
• Cottage industry – Making goods using your own tools and your home as a
shop.
IMPROVEMENTS
•
1. Most villages now have electricity. TV, Radio
•
2. Literacy rate is around 50%
• 3. Overall economy is much stronger, including agriculture
• 4. Consumer goods industries – helplines, telemarketing, have added jobs
• 5. Literacy rate: 1950 – 15%, today – 50%
• 6. Life expectancy – 1950 – 32, today – 60
IN CASE YOU FORGOT….
CITIES
• 1. Many Indian cities are changing their names to drop the British influence
and reflect more on Indian heritage
• 2. Cities are very crowded with high population density
• 3. Mumbai (Bombey) – population – 20.4 million. Density – 53,500/mi2
• 4. Chennai (Madras) – population – 6.5 million. Density – 69,900/mi2
• 5. Kolkata (Calcutta) – population – 4.5 million. Density – 62,800/mi2
• 6. New Delhi – capital city. Population – 17 million. Density – 29, 250/mi2
• 7. Varanasi – Holiest city in Hinduism. Population – 3.6 million. Density –
5,200/mi2
MUMBAI
VARANASI
KOLKATA
CONCERNS
• 1. Overcrowding
• 2. Rapid economic growth
• 3. Problems with Pakistan
• 4. Clean drinking water