Transcript Biology Warm Up

•Don’t forget your name and date (1 point)!
•Each group member needs a paper.
•Organelle Scavenger Hunt
•Fold your paper in half lengthwise, then fold it in half
crosswise.
•Label each of the 8 rectangles you have created (4 on
the front, 4 on the back) with the name of one cell
structure from chapter 7.2 that your group studied.
•Teach each other. In each box, make a drawing of the
organelle, and write a description of its form and function
•Make a poster: Now, working as a group, make one
poster labeled, “Plant Cell,” or “Animal Cell.”
•Be sure to include labeled drawings of all the organelles
you studied and their functions.
•Be sure that you have included and labeled structures
which distinguish your cell as a plant or animal cell.
Cell Structure and Function
7.2 Cell Structures
Goals
1. Describe the main function of the cell
wall
2. Describe the function of the nucleus
3. Identify main roles of the cytoskeleton
4. Describe the functions of the major cell
organelles
PLANT CELL
Vacuole
Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
Ribosome
(free)
Chloroplast
Ribosome
(attached)
Cell wall
Nuclear
envelope
Cell
Membrane
Golgi
apparatus
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Mitochondrian
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
ANIMAL CELL
Ribosome
(attached)
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Nuclear
envelope
Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum
Golgi
apparatus
Ribosome
(free)
Cell
Membrane
Mitochondrian
Smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum
Centrioles
The Cell Wall
• Main function - protection & support
• Made of carbohydrate and protein fibers
• Cellulose
wood and
paper
Nucleus
•Controls cell processes
•Contains hereditary information DNA
•Chromosomes and Chromatin DNA &
protein disperse as chromatin
At divisions, chromatin forms
chromosomes
•Nucleolus assembly of ribosomes
•Nuclear envelope pores through which
RNA passes
Cytoskeleton
•Protein
•Support
•Movement of some cells
•Microtubules hollow tubes maintain cell
shape
cilia
flagella
•Control movement of organelles
Cytoskeleton
Cell membrane
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Microtubule
Microfilament
Ribosomes
Michondrion
Ribosomes
•Creation of proteins following coded
instructions from the nucleus
•Produced in the nucleolus
•Proteins produced move to the:
Endoplasmic Reticulum
•Membrane system
•Assembly of cell membrane
•Modification of proteins
Golgi Apparatus
•Receive proteins from rough
Endoplasmic Reticulum
•Attach carbohydrates and lipids to
proteins
Lysosomes
•Small
•Enzyme-filled
•Break down lipids, carbohydrates, and
proteins
•Remove debris
•Digestion
Vacuoles
•Storage
water
proteins
salts
carbohydrates
•Plants often have one big central
vacuole
•Smaller vacuoles are called vessicles
Chloroplasts
•Plants
•Photosynthesis
•Chlorophyll
•Double-membrane bound
Mitochondria
•Metabolism
•Make high energy compounds from
food
•Double membrane bound
Organelle DNA
•Chloroplasts and Mitochondria contain
their own DNA
•Margulis: Are these organelles ancient
prokaryotes?
(endosymbiotic theory)
•ALL organelle
DNA comes from egg!
QuickTi me™ and a
T IFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see thi s pi cture.
Cell Review
Match Up
A. Provides rigid structure external to the cell
membrane
B. The powerhouse of the cell
Copy both columns. Match correct C. Packages proteins and other products
responses. More than one response D. Diffusion of water across a semipermeable
membrane
may be appropriate.
E. The site of photosynthesis
1 Nucleus
F. Two organelles that have their own DNA
2 Lysosome
apart from cellular DNA
3 Mitochondrion
G. Assembles amino acids into proteins
4 Diffusion
H. Recieves polypeptides from the ribosomes.
5 Endocytosis
Helps fold them into shape
I. In animals only. Part of the cytoskeleton
6 Ribosome
7 Endoplasmic Reticulum J. A semipermeable membrane surrounding the
cell
8 Centriole
K. Contains the cells genetic information
9 Osmosis
L. Movement of a substance from an area of
10 Cell Membrane
high concentration to an area of low
concentration.
11 Chloroplast
M. Taking a substance into the cell by, “pinching
12 Cell Wall
off,” a portion of the membrane
13 Golgi Body
N. Contains enzymes for breaking down large
Cell Analogy
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Return to section 7-2 and read, “The Cell as a
Factory on page 182
What part of the cell could be represented by the
factory walls?
What part of the cell represents the main office?
What roll does the endoplasmic reticulum play in
the cell as factory analogy?
What about the golgi bodies?
Where does the cell/factory get it’s power?
Go further: What could be the roll of the
chloroplasts? Cell membrane?
Cell Analogy
•
Return to section 7-2 and read, “The Cell as a Factory on page 182
1.
What part of the cell could be represented by the factory walls?
2.
What part of the cell represents the main office?
3.
What roll does the endoplasmic reticulum play in the cell as factory analogy?
4.
What about the golgi bodies?
5.
Where does the cell/factory get it’s power?
6.
Go further: What could be the roll of the chloroplasts? Cell membrane?
Now make up your own analogy for a cell.
Your analogy will need a control center.
It will probably involve some sort of product
It will probably need some source of energy
Make a list of all the organelles and other cell structure from section 7-2
Now create a poster to present to the class.
Crossing the Membrane Review
1. Plant roots are able to take in minerals even though there is
already a higher concentration of minerals inside of the
root than outside. Is this an example of active or passive
transport? How do you know?
2. What is facilitated diffusion? Does facilitated diffusion
require the cell to expend energy? Explain.
3. What is the difference between facilitated diffusion and
active transport that uses a, “protein pump.”
4. Make two drawings of a cell of the aquatic plant, Elodea.
Show one cell in a hypertonic solution of salt water and
one in distilled water. Describe what has happened in each
and label the cell wall, cell membrane, vacuole, cytoplasm
and chloroplasts. Label the semipermeable membrane and
the direction of net movement of water into or out of the
membrane.
Crossing the Membrane Review
1. Plant roots are able to take in minerals even
though there is already a higher
concentration of minerals inside of the root
than outside. Is this an example of active or
passive transport? How do you know?
Plant roots taking up minerals from the soil
involves moving a substance against the
concentration gradient. It takes energy
and is therefore active transport.
Crossing the Membrane Review
2. What is facilitated diffusion? Does facilitated
diffusion require the cell to expend energy?
Explain.
In facilitated diffusion, a protein channel is
open to a specific molecule which move in
or out through the protein channel by
diffusion. Since the flow is with the
concentration gradient, facilitated
diffusion does not require additional
energy
Crossing the Membrane Review
3. What is the difference between
facilitated diffusion and active transport
that uses a, “protein pump.”
In active transport, the protein channel
actually changes shape in order to
force a molecule into or out of the cell
against the concentration gradient.
Crossing the Membrane Review
4. Make two drawings of a cell of the aquatic plant, Elodea.
Show one cell in a hypertonic solution of salt water and
one in distilled water. Describe what has happened in each
and label the cell wall, cell membrane, vacuole, cytoplasm
and chloroplasts. Label the semipermeable membrane and
the direction of net movement of water into or out of the
membrane.
Cell Parts and Processes Review
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Cell Parts and Processes Review:
Fold a piece of paper into a 4 by 4 grid (16 squares)
Use all your resources from chapter 7, Worksheets, warm
ups, guided readings, and anything you have in your
binder to make up a list of at least 16 terms or concepts
from the chapter.
Write them on one side of the paper.
Cut the paper into 16 flashcards and write study points on
the back of each card.
Compare your collection to the students sitting next to
you. Add more cards to your set as needed.
Quiz each other until the end of class.
Study your flashcards again for homework tonight.
Comparing Cells
Prokaryotes
Small
Circular DNA
Eukaryotes
Golgi apparatus
Endoplasmic
Cell
reticulum
membrane Lysosomes
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell wall
Vacuoles
Cytoskeleton
Mitochondria
Comparing
Cells
You must write this at the top of the paper:
Learning Goal - Distinguish Plant Cells From Animal Cells
Draw two intersecting circles, label one, “plant cells,” and the other,
“animal cells.” Without looking at your book or notes, create a proper
Venn diagram filling in each segment with organelles that belong to plant
cells, animal cells, or both. Then get out your notes to check your work.
Animal Cells
Plant Cells
Comparing Cells
Animal Cells
Plant Cells
Cell Wall
Lysosomes
Centrioles
Small (if any
vacuoles
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Large,
Cell membrane
central
Endoplasmic reticulum
vacuole
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Cytoskeleton
Vacuoles
Actually, some plant cells do appear to hve lysosomes: see this page
1.
2.
3.
What am I?
I assemble amino acids into polypeptides. What am I?
I contain the cell’s genetic information. What am I?
I hold enzymes that break down large molecules into compounds the
cell can use. What am I?
4. I am the type of molecule that is embedded in the cell membrane
and allows molecules that would not otherwise be able to pass
through the semipermeable membrane to diffuse into or out of the
cell.
5. I contain my own organelle DNA apart from the cell’s DNA, and I
am not found in animal cells.
6. Surrounding the cell, I am composed of a lipid bilayer.
7. I do the final processing and packaging of macromolecules such as
proteins and lipids that are synthesized by the cell.
8. I provide rigid structure external to the cell membrane.
9. I am composed of microtubules and microfilaments.
10. I receive polypeptide chains from the ribosomes and am responsible
for folding them into their functional shapes
What am I?
I assemble amino acids into polypeptides. What am I?
I am a ribosome
I contain the cell’s genetic information. What am I?
I am the nucleus
I hold enzymes that break down large molecules into
compounds the cell can use.
I am a lysosome
I am the type of molecule that is embedded in the cell
membrane and allows molecules that would not otherwise
be able to pass through the semipermeable membrane to
diffuse into or out of the cell.
I am a protein
What am I?
I contain my own organelle DNA apart from the cell’s DNA, and I am
not found in animal cells.
I am a chloroplast.
Surrounding the cell, I am composed of a lipid bilayer.
I am the cell membrane.
I do the final processing and packaging of macromolecules such as
proteins and lipids that are synthesized by the cell.
I am a golgi body.
I provide rigid structure external to the cell membrane.
I am the cell wall
I am composed of microtubules and microfilaments.
I am the cytoskeleton (I could be centriole)
I receive polypeptide chains from the ribosomes and am responsible for
folding them into their functional shapes.
I am the endoplasmic reticulum