Transcript GHOU and curriculum in Japan - JAHOU --

GHOU and the curriculum
in Japan
Matsumoto Naoki (Keio Senior High School)
Handa Toshihiro (Institute of Astronomy, University of Tokyo)
Hata Koji (Okayama Shoka University High School)
The national curriculum guidelines of
science of Japan
Many problems in it !!
Japanese Educational System
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Fast of all 6 years of elementary school and 3 years
of junior high school. (compulsory education)
Usually students go on to high school for 3 years.
Some also go on to university for 4 years.
Moreover, there is proceeded person to the graduate
school. (Student of researcher wish)
The ratio of students
100%
ElementarySchool →
JuniorHighSchool
97.6%
JuniorHighSchool→HighSchool
40.4%
HighSchool→University
University→GraduateSchool
0
10.2%
20
40
The ratio of students
60
80
100
In Elementary School
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For 10 years old children
Motion of Moon and star
 Brightness and color difference of stars
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“Motion" is described. But, there is not "Why".
“Difference of Color and Brightness " is described. But, there is not "Why".
FURTHERMORE
Problem of teachers: Lack of fundamental knowledge on astronomy.
For example!
There is a teacher who executed homework of observing the motion of
Moon for 3 hours at the time of the Third Quarter Moon .
Text book is First Quarter Moon .
Good children
are sleeping・・・
Though the child who likes astronomy is good・・・
In Junior High School
A poor image of the universe !
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For 15 years old children
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Sidereal motion of the sky
Rotation of Earth around Sun
Spin of Earth
Stars and Planets :two categories of celestial bodies
(Nothing more!)
Astronomy is written the very end of topics.
17th center astronomy !!
In High School
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Science classes in high school divided by 4 categories.
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physics , chemistry , biology , earth science
Question!
What category is astronomy?
Only few schools have an earth science class actually.
Even these schools teachers give a story only a part of it.
Very few students can learn about astronomy in Japanese high schools.
Big practical problem
At many high schools lectures are strongly focused to entrance
exam of Univ. too time efficient lessons only aimed to exam.
No experiments, no observations.
Problem of university entrance exam system!
There is “the university entrance examination given by the National Center” in Japan.
(Central entrance exam)
All members should almost take an examination of "Central entrance exam".
The person with low point cannot take an examination of the university of hope.
The point of this examination is used a basic point, and there is the second
examination.
Even the examinee of the science course only has to choose 2 fields of science.
(physics , chemistry , biology , earth science)
Many of Japanese examinee choose Biology and Chemistry.
Kind of textbook and astronomy 1
(high school science)
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RIKAKISO (Basic science)
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Search for the universe and the earth
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The Ptolemaic system and The Copernican system
•
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(History of astronomy)
RIKASOGO B (Integrated science B)
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Natural history of the earth
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Earth as a planet
Kind of textbook and astronomy 2
(high school science)
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CHIGAKUⅠ (earth science Ⅰ)
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Structure of the universe
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Surface and activity of Sun
Property and evolution of stars
Structure of our galaxy and the universe
Example of advanced textbook
Motion of Jupiter’s moons
HOU story!?
Jupiter Project!?
(This textbook is written by Agata.)
Kind of textbook and astronomy 3
(high school science)
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CHIGAKUⅡ (earth science Ⅱ )
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Astronomical observations
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Radiation from astronomical objects
Various astronomical observations
The Immense universe
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Distance to astronomical objects
Size and mass of astronomical objects
Structure of the universe
Modern astronomy :based on modern physics
Therefore, many topics in physics lessons are strongly
connected to astronomy.
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PhysicsⅠ・Ⅱ
Spectrum
 Electromagnetic wave
 The law of gravitation
 The theory of elementary particles
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Only just a little
Doppler effect
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So, many students misunderstand that Doppler effect
should be applied only for sound!
The biggest problem
in Japanese National Curriculum.
No systematic story in science courses!
Reorganize the curriculum by ourselves!
If Earth science is untried,
it only has to teach astronomy in physics.
Then, physics is easy to understand too.
&
There is a teacher who is teaching astronomy
in the class (Jyoho) that uses the computer.
（Jyoho is a doubtful IT class made recently・・・）
How is astronomy approached at little time?
There are many components for reorganized curriculum.
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HOU Curriculum
Spectrum Curriculum
http://www.jahou.org/wg/SpCurWG/index_e.html
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Jupiter Project
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Paofits Curriculum
http://paofits.dc.nao.ac.jp/index.html.en
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Several school teachers actually make original astronomical
curriculum.
Approach after school activity
Jupiter Project
 Discover ISS
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http://www1.hst.titech.ac.jp/club/sci_club/astronomy/ISSP/ISSP_index.htm
(Japanese Only)
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etc
In after school activities
HOU in an elective subject
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An elective subject “Astronomy” is for Grade12 at Keio Senior
High School .
This course have been using HOU since 1998.
Also elective subjects using HOU are opened at Kamogata
High, Okayama Shoka University High, and so on.
Purpose
Learning astronomy with experience
 Doing astronomical observation
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2003
Our school was appointed in a science
education reinforcement school by
government.
(Super Science School = SSH)
Research and writing article
 Oral speaking
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A change of number of students
The applicants
increase.
 Many students
experienced HOU.
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Year
S tudents
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
13
14
not open
not open
not open
12
18
30
70
24
C lass(es)
2007:drawing a lot
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
2
3
1
Effects of HOU
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The understanding of
the fits concept.
The understanding of
the image processing.
HOU is suitable to
develop the basics of
research activities!
Some actual activities by high school students in Japan will
be present on Monday (Day ４ 7/16).