Each daughter cell receives its own copy of the parent cell’s DNA during .

cell division

During which phase in the cell cycle does mitosis happen?

M phase

When during the cell cycle is a cell’s DNA replicated?

S phase

G1, S, and G2 phases are part of what phase of the cell cycle?

Interphase

The structure labeled A is called the centromere.

During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the dividing cell?

metaphase

What are the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence?

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

The two main stages of cell division are called mitosis and cytokinesis.

What type of cells form a cell plate during cytokinesis. Plant cells

Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control their growth rate.

Cancer cells form masses of cells called tumors.

These have the potential to develop into other cell types.

stem cells

The different forms of a gene are called alleles.

When Gregor Mendel crossed a tall plant with a short plant, the F1 plants inherited one allele from each parent.

If a pea plant’s alleles for height are tt, what is true of its parents?

Both parents contributed a recessive allele.

Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be homozygous.

His principles of genetics apply to all organisms.

Gregor Mendel’s

A breed of chicken shows codominance for feather color. One allele codes for black feathers, another codes for white feathers. The feathers of heterozygous chickens of this breed will be speckled.

Situations in which one allele for a gene is not completely dominant over another allele for that gene are called incomplete dominance.

In rabbits, there are four different versions of the gene for coat color. What pattern of inheritance is this?

multiple alleles.

Variation in human skin color is an example of polygenic traits.

If an organism’s diploid number is 24, its haploid number is 12

Gametes are produced by the process of meiosis.

What is shown crossing-over

Unlike meiosis, mitosis results in the formation of diploid cells.

True of False meiosis I produces 2 haploid daughter cells, but mitosis produces 2 diploid daughter cells.

true

What stores information in a cell?

DNA

shows the structure of a DNA molecule.

Because of base pairing in DNA, the percentage of guanine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of cytosine molecules

Which scientist(s) figured out that the shape of a DNA molecule is a double helix?

Watson and Crick

Which scientist made x-ray diffraction photos of DNA?

Franklin

In eukaryotes, _____ is located in the nucleus.

DNA

RNA is usually single-stranded or double-stranded single-stranded

Which type of RNA brings the information in the genetic code from the nucleus to other parts of the cell?

mRNA

The cell uses a messenger RNA code to make proteins during what process?

translation

Which is the correct sequence of the transfer of information in most organisms?

DNA to RNA to protein

True of false Most mutations have no effect on an organism.

True

Gene regulation in eukaryotes allows for cell specialization.

The basic body structure of the fly is determined by a cluster of Hox genes

The process of making changes in the DNA code of a living organism is called genetic engineering.

What is shown DNA fingerprints

The genes carried by all members of a particular population make up the population’s gene pool.

A change in the genetic material of a cell is called a mutation.

Genetic recombination includes the independent movement of chromosomes during meiosis as well as crossing-over.

A single-gene trait that has two alleles and that shows a simple dominant-recessive pattern will result in two phenotypes.

sickle cell anemia in humans. is an example of a single-gene trait

The frequency of phenotypes for a typical ______________ is most often illustrated as a bell-shaped curve.

polygenic trait

The situation in which allele frequencies in the gene pool of a population remain constant is called genetic equilibrium.

The separation of populations by barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water is called geographic isolation.

Although they often live in the same habitat, the American toad breeds earlier in the spring than the Fowler’s toad does. What can be inferred from this information?

The two species do not interbreed because of temporal isolation.

In the Grants’ study of the Galápagos finches, what process was encouraged by ecological competition during the dry season?

directional selection

Patterns of embryological development are controlled by?

Hox genes

One goal of scientists is to assign every organism a universally accepted name according to the system known as binomial nomenclature.

Based on their names, you know that the baboons

Papio annubis

and

Papio cynocephalus

do NOT belong to the same species.

the science of naming and grouping organisms is Systematics

In Linnaeus’s system of classification, how many levels are there?

seven

Several different families make up an order

Which are the two highest level taxa in the Linnaean system?

phylum and kingdom

Animals that are warm blooded, have body hair, and produce milk for their young are grouped in the class Mammalia.

The only “natural” taxa in Linnaeus’s system is the species.

In biology, a trait that arose in an ancestor and is passed along to its descendants is referred to as a derived character.

Each _______ on a cladogram represents the last point at which two groups shared a common ancestor.

node

The four kingdoms of eukaryotes are Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia

Which kingdom contains heterotrophs with cell walls of chitin?

Fungi

Why is the kingdom Protista not valid under evolutionary classification?

Protista contains groups that share closest common ancestors with other groups, rather than with each other.

The domain that corresponds to the kingdom Eubacteria is Bacteria.

The three-domain system recognizes fundamental differences between two groups of prokaryotes.