Transcript Document
FGFDDFFG Aim and methods Aim: To present the most complete synthesis possible on what works to reduce and prevent violence against women and girls Methods: Systematic review of systematic/comprehensive reviews (published between Jan 2000 – Apr 2013) of interventions in reducing victimization/perpetration of VAWG (resulting in 58 reviews and 84 rigorous intervention studies) Additional search carried out of articles published from 2012 – present for effective interventions (Search yielded a total of 27 rigorous studies with one or more positive results) Types of VAWG included: intimate partner violence, non partner sexual assault, female genital mutilation, child marriage, trafficking, sexual violence in conflict settings Key findings Evidence is skewed towards: • High-income countries • Response vs. prevention • Focus on IPV What does the evidence say? High-income countries • Health sector/ psychosocial • Justice & law enforcement • Perpetrators’ programmes • Personnel training • School-based interventions • Shelters • ICT services Conflicting Ineffective Insufficient evidence Promising • Awareness campaigns • Victim advocacy • Home visitation & health worker outreach What does the evidence say? Low-middle income countries • • • Men and boys social norms programming Economic empowerment & income supplements One stop crisis centres • Women’s police stations • Social marketing programmes • • • Conflicting Insufficient evidence Ineffective Promising • • Awarenessraising campaigns AwarenessRetraining raising campaigns for traditional excisors training Personnel Personnel training • Community mobilization • Empowerment training for women and girls or women and men • Economic empowerment + gender equality training Characteristics of promising approaches for violence prevention • Involve multiple sectors (health, education, justice, etc.) at multiple levels (national, local) • Challenge acceptability of violence, while also addressing underlying risk factors, such as poverty, gender norms • Support the development of new skills (communication and conflict resolution) • Integrate violence prevention into existing development platforms • Promote engagement of all members of communities Examples of effective approaches in low-middle income countries Stepping Stones Photo credit: Lucinda Broadbent Tostan Photo credit: http://www.tostan.org/tostan-model SASA! Photo credit: Heidi Brady/Raising Voices Limitations in the evidence base • Methodological weaknesses: Underpowered studies, limited comparability among studies, minimal controlling for confounding factors, limited evidence of sustained changes over time • Small/non-existent evidence base on difference types of violence and populations: trafficking, humanitarian/emergency settings, indigenous/ethnically diverse/older populations • Lack of evidence on cost-effectiveness Recommendations for the Call to Action More interventions addressing primary prevention of violence More rigorous evidence on all types of VAWG, particularly from the global south, exploring issues of intervention cost, sustainability, and scalability More evaluations looking at VAWG in diverse populations Standardized data and indicators Acknowledgements • We received funding from the World Bank Group, the Australian Government (DFAT) and DFID. • We thank Karen DeVries, Gene Feder, Nancy Glass, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. • We also thank Chelsea Ullman and Amber Hill for their support in the preparation of the manuscript. EVERY woman and girl has the right to live without violence.