Transcript Study of the book FIQH US

‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬
Study of the book
FIQH US-SUNNAH
DR. IBRAHIM DREMALI
AMERICAN OPEN UNIVERSITY
In cooperation with
Islamic Center of Greater Austin
and Sunnahfollowers.net
THE NIGHT PRAYERS
WITR, TAHAJJUD & TARAWEEH
2
• DEFINITION
• EXCELLENCE OF THE NIGHT PRAYERS
• ETIQUETTE OF PERFORMING THE NIGHT
PRAYERS
• NATURE AND NUMBER OF RAKATS FOR
WITR, TAHAJJUD AND TARAWEEH
Fiqh us-Sunnah - Witr, Tahajjud and Taraweeh
Definitions
3
 Qiyam: standing
 Qiyam ul-Layl: standing at night
 Shariah definition of Qiyam ul-Layl: voluntary night
prayers performed anytime after Isha until Fajr




Witr (odd-numbered)
Tahajjud (from ‘hajada’: remaining awake at night)
Taraweeh (resting)
Salat ul-Layl (The night prayer)
There is one Nafl prayer at night, with different names to describe it
Fiqh us-Sunnah - Witr, Tahajjud and Taraweeh
Excellence of Qiyam
4
 Best of the voluntary prayers

“The best of prayers, after those prescribed, are those prayed in the depth of
the night.” [Muslim and Ahmad]
 Means of entering Jannah

The Prophet said: “O people, spread the salutations, feed the people, keep
the ties of kinship, and pray during the night while the others sleep and you
will enter paradise in peace.” [al-Hakim, Ibn Majah, and at-Tirmidhi]
 Acceptance of Supplications

The Messenger of Allah said: “Our Lord descends every night to the lowest
heaven, when only one third of the night has remained. He says: “Who will
invoke Me, so that I may give him? Who will seek My forgiveness, so that I
may forgive him.” [Bukhari and Muslim]
Fiqh us-Sunnah - Witr, Tahajjud and Taraweeh
Excellence of Qiyam
5
 Earns the praises and complements of Allah SWT
َ
َّ
ْ
ُ
َ
ْ
‫ض هَ ْونًا‬
‫ر‬
‫اْل‬
‫ى‬
‫ل‬
‫ع‬
‫ون‬
‫ش‬
‫م‬
‫ي‬
‫ين‬
‫ذ‬
‫َو ِعبَا ُد الر َّْح َم ٰـ ِن ال‬
َ
َ
َ
ْ
َ
ِ
ِ
‫ون‬
َ ُ‫ين يَبِيت‬
َ ‫س ََل ًما َوالَّ ِذ‬
َ ُ‫َوإِ َذا َخاطَبَهُ ُم ْال َجا ِهل‬
َ ‫ون قَالُوا‬
‫س َّج ًدا َوقِيَا ًما‬
ُ ‫لِ َربِّ ِه ْم‬
“The slaves of the Beneficent are they who walk upon the earth in
humbleness, and when the ignorant address them, they say: 'Peace'
and they who spend the night prostrating before their Lord
and standing”
[Surat al-Furqan: 63-64]
Fiqh us-Sunnah - Witr, Tahajjud and Taraweeh
Excellence of Qiyam
6
 Practice of the believers
ْ
‫ون َربَّهُ ْم َخ ْوفًا‬
‫ض‬
‫م‬
‫ال‬
َ ‫اج ِع يَ ْد ُع‬
َ
ِ
َ ‫تَتَ َجافَ ٰى ُجنُوبُهُ ْم َع ِن‬
‫ون فَ ََل تَ ْعلَ ُم نَ ْفس َما أُ ْخفِ َي‬
َ ُ‫َوطَ َم ًعا َو ِم َّما َر َز ْقنَاهُ ْم يُ ْنفُِق‬
‫ون‬
َ ُ‫لَهُ ْم ِم ْن قُ َّر ِة أَ ْعي ٍُن َج َزا ًء بِ َما ََانُوا يَ ْع َمل‬
“Only those believe in Our revelations who, when they are reminded of
them, fall down prostrate and hymn the praise of their Lord and they
are not scornful: who forsake their beds to cry unto their Lord in fear
and hope and spend of what We have bestowed on them. No soul
knows what is kept hidden for them of joy as a reward for what they
used to do.” [Surat as-Sajdah 32:16]
Fiqh us-Sunnah - Witr, Tahajjud and Taraweeh
Etiquettes of the Late Night Prayer
7
 Upon going to sleep, one should make the intention
to perform the tahajjud prayers

Abu ad-Darda' relates that the Prophet said: "Whoever goes to his bed with
the intention of getting up and praying during the night, and sleep
overcomes him until the morning comes, he will have recorded for him what
he had intended, and his sleep will be a charity for him from his Lord.“ [anNasa'i and ibn Majah]
 Upon waking, one should wipe one's face, use a
toothstick, and look to the sky and make du’aa
 Then, one should recite the last ten Ayat of Surat
al-Imran
Fiqh us-Sunnah - Witr, Tahajjud and Taraweeh
Etiquettes of the Late Night Prayer
8
 Then one should say:
 “O Allah, to You belongs the praise. You are the Light of the heavens
and the earth and what is therein. And to You belongs the praise. You
are the truth and Your promise is true. And the meeting with You is
true. And the paradise is true. And the Fire is true. And the prophets
are true. And Muhammad is true. And the Hour is true. O Allah, to
You have I submitted. And in You have I believed. And in You have I
put my trust. And to You have I turned. And by You I argue. And to
You do I turn for my decisions. Forgive me of my former and latter
sins, and those done in private and those done in public. You are
Allah, there is no God besides You.”
Fiqh us-Sunnah - Witr, Tahajjud and Taraweeh
Etiquettes of the Late Night Prayer
9
 One can begin Qiyam al-Layil with two quick rakat
and then one may pray whatever one wishes after
that
 One should wake up one's family for tahajjud
 One should stop praying tahajjud and sleep if one
becomes very sleepy
Fiqh us-Sunnah - Witr, Tahajjud and Taraweeh
Time for the Night Prayers
10
 Salatul Layil is performed after Salat ul-Isha, and
may be performed in the first, second, or third part
of the night

Aisha reports: “Out of the entire night, the Messenger of Allah would
sometimes perform the witr prayer during the early portion; sometimes he
would perform it during the middle portion; and sometimes in the latter
portion of the night, just before dawn.” [Related by the group]
 It is best to delay this prayer to the last third
portion of the night

Abu Hurairah reports that the Messenger of Allah said: “Our Lord descends
to the lowest heaven during the last third of the night, inquiring: 'Who will
call on Me so that I may respond to him? Who is asking something of Me so I
may give it to him? Who is asking for My forgiveness so I may forgive him?”'
[Related by the group]
Fiqh us-Sunnah - Witr, Tahajjud and Taraweeh
Nature and Number of Rakat
11
 Prayed in sets of 2

“The night prayer is in sets of two [rakat]”
 Minimum number of 1 Rakat

The Prophet said: “The night prayer is sets of two rakat. If one fears the
coming of the dawn, he should perform one rakah, thereby making all of
them odd [witr].”
 Maximum number of 11 Rakat

Aishah said: “The Messenger of Allah never prayed more than eleven rak'at,
during Ramadan or otherwise. He would pray four rak'at, and don't ask
about how excellent they were or how lengthy they were. Then, he would
pray four rak'at, and don't ask about how excellent they were or how lengthy
they were. Then, he would pray three rak'at. I asked: 'O Messenger of Allah,
do you sleep before praying witr?' he replied: 'O 'Aishah, my eyes sleep but
my heart does not sleep.”' [Bukhari and Muslim]
Fiqh us-Sunnah - Witr, Tahajjud and Taraweeh
Nature and Number of Rakat
12
 Permissibility of praying any number of rakat
from one to eleven


The Prophet said, “Witr is true (as a recommended act of worship).
Anyone who wishes to pray five rakat; and anyone who wishes may
pray three; and anyone who wishes may pray one.” [Tahawi, alHakim and others]
Abdullah bin Abi Qays reported that he asked Aisha, “How many
rakat did Allah’s Messenger pray witr?” She replied, ‘He prayed witr
four and three rakat, or six and three, or ten and three; he would not
pray witr less than seven, nor more than thirteen.” [Abu Dawud,
Ahmad, and others]
Fiqh us-Sunnah - Witr, Tahajjud and Taraweeh
Related Points
13
 Qiyam al-Layil may be prayed in a variety of ways,
which can all be traced back to the Prophet.



It is permissible to perform the witr by praying two rak'at [and
concluding them] and then praying one rak'ah with a tashahud and
taslim.
One may pray a number of rak'at, one after another, without making
any tashahud, except in the one before the last rak'ah in which case
one makes the tashahud and then stands to perform the last rak'ah
where one will make another tashahud and end the prayer with the
taslim.
One may also make only one tashahud and the taslim, in the last
rak'ah of witr.
Fiqh us-Sunnah - Witr, Tahajjud and Taraweeh
Related Points
14
 If praying 3 rakat Witr, it should not resemble the
Maghrib prayer

“Do not pray witr as three rakat resembling the Maghrib prayer.”
[Tahawi, Daraqutni and others]
 One may pray Witr in the earlier part of the night
then Qiyam al-Layil in the latter part of the night,
although praying them together in the end is better

“Whoever fears that he will not wake up in the later part of the night,
then let him perform Witr in the first part of it and whoever expects
to wake up in the later part of the night, let him pray it then. Indeed,
the prayer of the night is witnessed (by the angels), and that is
better.” [Abd ur-Razzaq]
Fiqh us-Sunnah - Witr, Tahajjud and Taraweeh
Related Points
15
 Recitation in the Witr
 Al-Qunut in the Witr
 “The Messenger of Allah taught me the [following] words to say in
the witr prayer: ‘O Allah, guide me among those whom You have
guided. Grant me safety among those whom You have granted safety.
Take me into Your charge among those whom You have taken into
Your charge. Bless me in what You have given me. Protect me from
the evil that You have decreed, for You decree and nothing is decreed
for You. And there is no humiliation for whom You take as a ward.
Blessed and Exalted are You, our Lord.’” [Ahmad, at-Tirmidhi, anNasa'i, Abu Dawud, Ibn Majah, and others]
 Prohibition of two Witr prayers in one night
 Missing Witr / Making Qada
Fiqh us-Sunnah - Witr, Tahajjud and Taraweeh
Excellence of Qiyam in Ramadan
16
 Virtues of the Taraweeh Prayer
 “Whoever prays during the nights of Ramadan [taraweeh] with a
firm belief and hoping for reward, all of his previous sins would be
forgiven.” [Related by the group]
 'Aishah says: "The Prophet offered salah in the mosque and many
people prayed with him. The next day he did the same and more
people prayed with him. Then the people gathered on the third night
but, the Prophet did not come out to them. In the morning, he said to
them: 'Surely I saw what you did, and nothing prevented me from
coming out to you, save that I feared that [that prayer] would be
made obligatory upon you.' And that was during Ramadan." [Related
by the group except for at-Tirmidhi]
Fiqh us-Sunnah - Witr, Tahajjud and Taraweeh
Reports Concerning the Number
of Rakat the Prophet
Prayed
17
 Aisha’s reports
 Aishah said: “The Messenger of Allah never prayed more than eleven
rakat, during Ramadan or otherwise.” [Bukhari and Muslim]
 Aishah said: “The Messenger of Allah's prayer during the night would
be ten rak'at and then he would make witr with one rakah.” [Bukhari
and Muslim]
 Aishah said: “Allah’s Messenger prayed at night, in Ramadan and
other months, thirteen rakat, of which were the two rakat of Fajr.”
[Muslim]
 Aishah said: “Allah’s Messenger rayed thirteen rakat at night. Then
after hearing the call for fajr prayer, he would pray two short rakat.”
[Bukhari]
Fiqh us-Sunnah - Witr, Tahajjud and Taraweeh
Reports Concerning the Number
of Rakat the Prophet
Prayed
18
 Jabir’s reports
 Jabir bin Abdullah reported: “The Messenger of Allah led us one
night during Ramadan, praying eight rakat and witr. On the
following night, we gathered in the Masjid hoping that he will come
out again to lead the prayer. We stayed there until the morning.
The we entered and said, ‘O Messenger of Allah! Last night we
gathered in the Masjid hoping that you would lead us in the prayer.’
To which he replied, ‘Indeed I feared that it would become an
obligation on you’”[Tabarani]
Fiqh us-Sunnah - Witr, Tahajjud and Taraweeh
Reports Concerning the Number
of Rakat the Prophet
Prayed
19
 Ibn Abbas’s Report and Its Weakness





Al-Hafidh ibn Hajar comments: “As for what was recorded by Ibn Abu
Shaybah, from the hadith of Ibn Abbas that ‘Allah’s Messenger used to
pray in Ramadan twenty rakat and witr,’ it has a weak isnad;
furthermore it contradicts Aisha’s hadith in the two Sahihs. And she knows
better than other people about the affairs of the Prophet at night.’” [Fath ulBari]
Al-Hafidh az-Zayla’i stated, “The hadith of Ibn Abbas is very weak, as stated
by as-Suyuti. It’s problem arises from Abu Shaybah Ibrahim Bin Uthman,
whose narrations are rejected.”
Al-Bukhari said, “The scholars of hadith do not transmit his narrations.”
Ibn Main said, “He is not trustworthy.”
Al-Jawzajani said, “He is deposed.”
Fiqh us-Sunnah - Witr, Tahajjud and Taraweeh
Reports Concerning the Number
of Rakat the Prophet
Prayed
20
 Reports from Omar
 “Omar bin al-Khattab commanded Ubayy bin Ka’b and Tamim adDari to lead the people in Qiyam with eleven rakat. The reciter
would read one hundred ayat in each rakah until we had to lean on
canes because of the long standing. We would not finish except with
the arrival of fajr.” [Malik]
Fiqh us-Sunnah - Witr, Tahajjud and Taraweeh
Additional References
to Fiqh us Sunnah
21
The Night Prayers:
Qiyam and Taraweeh
Muhammad al -Jibali
with works by Sheikh al -Albani
Fiqh us-Sunnah - Witr, Tahajjud and Taraweeh
Questions
22
Jazakum Allah Khayran
May Allah increase our knowledge!
AMEEN
Fiqh us-Sunnah - Witr, Tahajjud and Taraweeh