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RACE PART 2 • • • • • Causes of discrimination 3 theories Hate Crimes Article “Everything that happens to you is your Affirmative Action teacher. The secret is to learn to sit at the feet of your own life and be taught by it.” –Polly B. Immigration Berends, author Extra Credit Freedom Riders 1960’s White and Black civil rights activists that worked together to end segregation Freedom Riders Documentary Warning: extremely offensive language used Trailer Sources of prejudice and discrimination Sociological and Psychological Perspectives Causes of prejudice can be grouped into 4 categories. 1) Cultural Transmission 2) Group Identification Theory 3) Personality theories 4) Frustration-aggression hypothesis Sources of prejudice and discrimination Cultural Transmission: prejudice transmitted through culture from generation to generation. stereotypes prejudice • child learns prejudice • stereotyping (by family, peers, media) • social distance-extent of contact members of one group allow or desire with others Sources of prejudice and discrimination 2) Group Identification Theory: prejudices are tied in with group membership. • groups drawn together - common interests • “in-group” tend to rate others as lower • Excessive pride Sources of prejudice and discrimination 3) Personality theories: authoritarian personalities have higher tendencies of holding prejudice beliefs. Authoritarian personality: rigidly conventional uncritical of authority preoccupied with power close-minded raised by excessively harsh adults leads to intolerant views of other groups Sources of prejudice and discrimination 4) Frustration-aggression hypothesis: People need to cope with the frustration in their daily lives. Ethnic groups provide scapegoats for hostility and frustration Shifting of blame Individual or Institutional? Which type is more difficult to get rid of? Why? Hate Crimes Solutions: Can one person make a difference? Would you? “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.” Martin Luther King, Jr. View example Hate Crimes Unlawful act of violence motivated by prejudice or bias Motivations for Hate Crimes • Thrill hate crime: offenders attack victims for the "fun of it” • Defensive hate crimes: offenders want to send a message • Mission hate crimes: offenders have committed their lives to bigotry Hate Crimes May be more than reported – difficult to prove – Police don’t always classify because it makes community “look bad” – victims may be reluctant Australia Dominican Republic Cambodia Germany Bosnia Rwanda Sudan Ukraine Namibia Guatemala What do these regions have in common? Genocide Genocide worldwide Genocide: mass killings aimed at destroying a population Peace Pledge Union Information http://www.ppu.org.uk/genocide/g_genocide_intro.html Types of institutional discrimination Segregation: separation Exclusion: prohibition or restricting entry Expulsion: removal of a group Guidelines for discussing race and ethnic relations: 1. 2. 3. 4. Respect. No cell phones Respect each other’s viewpoints Allow everyone to complete their statements before responding 5. Remember not to make generalizations or stereotypical comments about groups (racial, ethnic, religious, or other) Front of room Computer Team 1 Nichols Alison Magdamit Mary Ann Blanco Grecia Martinez Cynthia Perez Melina Team 4 Ceja Arthur Akimoto David Elce-Stellino Delainey Hernandez Randall Anguiano Roberto Team 2 Lee Jun Rocio Sanjuana Peterson Blunshae Njokom Eric Flores Bryna Team 5 Cortez Lizette Barck Kelly Reynoso Sandra Dudley Tyra Jackson Myles Team 3 Ortiz Julian Ume Kelechi Rodriguez Vanessa Morimoto Ashley Santos Jenell Team 6 Orozco Dorian Torres Guadalupe Lopez Jesse Rodriguez Melissa Valencia Vanessa Team 7 Torres Loida Rasmussen Christopher Molina Ruby Ceballos Amalia Hedde Connor Door Team 8 De Leon Laura Palma Anthony Gutierrez Linda Lopez Mario Rios Christian Team 9 Robles Emily Grant Taylor Ramirez Ruby Lovy Cora Iniestra Jeanette Team 10 Algutria Jessica Gonzalez Alfredo Dinh Ngoc Dizon May Ann Middleton Maria Computer Team 1 Cardenas Kristine Cohron Karessa Villalva Thomas Yepez- Luis Meza Horacio Team 2 Calderon Tania Valcarcel Christian Ramos Hillary Sibrian Denisse Colbert Dylan Team 3 Boloran Reis Ayon Yosimara Ambriz Bailey Quilloy Justine Nicole Ceja Aime Front of room Team 4 Jovel Jose Cheloha Cori Curran Sara Lopez Jocelyn Grant Ajah Team 7 Labayen Lexandre Messarina Fiorella Grijalva Miguel Granados Miguel Aleem Alveena Team 5 Taitt Devon Salas Javier Quintana Daniel Perera Ayal Pham Elaine Team 8 Medina Richard Galda Robert Valdespino Dominic Duvall Gibson Canchola Xitlalic Team 6 Nones Krystal Da Silva Rogerio Meyer Marianne Yap Reagan Woghiren Jaide Team 9 Ornelas Ruby Kim Namhee Kuo Shan Ju Moreno Rosangelica Sandoval Yvonne Door Team 10 Ramos Kimberly Engel Drew Hernandez Alex Perkins Toiya Ulloa Erika Which of these do you think best explains racism? Why? 1) Cultural Transmission: prejudice is transmitted through culture from generation to generation through family, peers, media. 2) Group Identification Theory: prejudices are tied in with an individual’s racial and ethnic group membership. 3) Personality theories: those with authoritarian personalities have higher tendencies of holding prejudice beliefs. 4) Frustration-aggression hypothesis: prejudices develop in response to people’s need to cope with the frustration in their daily lives. Article- White Privilege Discuss: 1. Which situations did you not understand? 2. Which do you think still exist? 3. Which do you think have improved greatly? 4. Have you ever received an advantage over others? (For any factor-gender, age, appearance, citizenship…) 3. If I should need to move, I can be pretty sure of renting or purchasing housing in an area which I can afford and in which I would want to live. 4. I can be pretty sure that my neighbors in such a location will be neutral or pleasant to me. 5. I can go shopping alone most of the time, pretty well assured that I will not be followed or harassed. 6. I can turn on the television or open to the front page of the paper and see people of my race widely represented. 7. When I am told about our national heritage or about "civilization," I am shown that people of my color made it what it is. 8. I can be sure that my children will be given curricular materials that testify to the existence of their race. 9. If I want to, I can be pretty sure of finding a publisher for this piece on white privilege. 11. Whether I use checks, credit cards or cash, I can count on my skin color not to work against the appearance of financial reliability. 12. I do not have to educate my children to be aware of systemic racism for their own daily physical protection. 13. I am never asked to speak for all the people of my racial group. 15. If a traffic cop pulls me over I can be sure I haven't been singled out because of my race. 16. I can easily buy picture books, dolls, toys and children's magazines featuring people of my race. 18. I can worry about racism without being seen as self-interested or self-seeking. 20. I can easily find academic courses and institutions which give attention only to people of my race. 22. I can choose blemish cover or bandages in "flesh" color and have them more or less match Minority Group Category of people with unequal access to • power • prestige • wealth • education • targets of prejudice, discrimination • not based on numbers, but social status Affirmative Action • Policies for companies and schools to promote equal opportunity and diversity Affirmative Action Pros Cons Opportunities for women Reverse discrimination and racial minorities Diversity at work Undermines abilities of minorities Diversity at college No longer needed What do you think? Affirmative action in news now California universities Read about California Universities: http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/politics/2014/01/31/california-lawmakers-consider-putting-affirmative-action-in-november-ballot/ Read about nation wide rulings: http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/02/12/black-history-affirmativeaction/5432107/ 2009 Firefighters win Reverse Discrimination Lawsuit Immigration Where are most legal immigrants from? Top 10 in 2010 Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/ assets/statistics/publication s/natz_fr_2010.pdf Mexico India Philippines China Vietnam Colombia Dominican Republic Cuba Haiti Jamaica What parts of the U.S. do most immigrants settle in? What parts of the U.S. do most immigrants settle in? And why? California Illinois New York New Jersey Florida Texas Push and Pull factors of Immigration into the U.S. Push factors poverty famine unemployment wars military draft religious or political persecution Push and Pull factors of Immigration into the U.S. Pull factors perception of endless opportunities employment family religious freedom economic freedom education Article on Illegal Immigration Solutions (1) More border control. (2) Prevent employers from hiring undocumented immigrants. (3) Withhold government services from unauthorized immigrants. (4) Grant workers a path to gain citizenship or work permits. (5) Give police the authority and responsibility to identify illegal immigrants (Arizona SB 1070) Robert Merton’s Typology prejudice and discrimination do not always occur together 1. All weather liberal: unprejudiced non-discriminator 2. Fair weather liberal: unprejudiced discriminator 3. Timid bigot: prejudice non-discriminator 4. All weather bigot: prejudice discriminator Next Class Read: Immigration Solutions article posted on website Test # 2 coming up. Study guide posted.