Transcript Working in Hot Conditions - E Light Safety, Training and

Working in Hot Conditions
Session Objectives
• You will be able to:
– Understand how hot conditions affect
your body
– Recognize symptoms of heat illness
– Take precautions to reduce the risk of heat illness
– Understand OSHA Requirements
– Treat Heat Related Injuries
• Why do we need this training?
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On April, 26, Secretary of Labor Hilda L. Solis announced a national outreach
initiative by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Occupational Safety and Health
Administration to educate workers and their employers about the hazards of
working outdoors in the heat and steps to prevent heat-related illnesses.
Heat can be a real danger for workers in jobs ranging from agriculture and
landscaping to construction, road repair, airport baggage handling and even car
sales.
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Census of Fatal Occupational
Injuries (CFOI) data, 230 heat-related deaths have occurred from 2003 – 2009 with
81 (40%) of these fatalities in the construction industry. Over that same time
period, 15,370 heat-related injuries/illnesses requiring days away from work have
occurred with 4,110 (27%) of these injuries/illnesses in the construction industry.
• HOW THE BODY KEEPS US COOL
• We need to be at approximately 98.6 degrees
in order to operate correctly. Below or above
this level can be a serious health threat
• The body has mechanisms built in to help
keep our bodies at this temperature.
Body’s Cooling System
– Blood circulates closer
to the skin so heat is
lost
– Body sends sweat to
the skin’s surface
– Sweat evaporates
off the skin, cooling
the body
The Heat Equation
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High Temperature
+ High Humidity
+ Physical Work
= Heat Illness
Additional Heat
Stress Factors
– Radiant heat
– Air velocity
Personal Sensitivity
To Heat
– Acclimatization (getting used to heat)
– Age
– Physical condition and overall health
– Metabolism
– Use of alcohol
Heat Rash
– Hot, humid
environments where
sweat can’t evaporate
– Red, bumpy rash that
often itches
– Uncomfortable,
making sleep difficult
– Treatment and
prevention:
• Rest in a cool place
• Keep your skin dry and
clean
Fainting (Heat Syncope)
– Worker not used to hot environment
– Worker stands still in heat
– Blood pools in the legs, so less blood goes to the
brain
– Quick recovery after lying down in cool place
– Prevent by moving around a little rather than
standing still all the time
Heat Cramps
– Painful muscle cramps
– Caused by loss of salt
when sweating
– Treated/prevented by
drinking electrolyte
liquids
– Severe cases require
intravenous saline
solutions
Heat Exhaustion
– Loss of fluids and salt
– Feeling weak, dizzy, or nauseous
– Skin is clammy and complexion is pale or flushed
– Treatment:
• Rest in cool place
• Drink electrolyte solution
– Severe cases: victims vomit or lose consciousness
Heatstroke
– Victim stops sweating
– Symptoms include
hot, dry skin
– Confusion,
convulsions, or loss of
consciousness may
follow
– Call for an ambulance
immediately
– Keep victim cool and
provide fluids if
conscious
Engineering Controls
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General ventilation
Spot cooling
Temporary Shades
Cool Water Supplies
• With roving water
resupplies to employees in
the field. Sometimes
employees are hesitant to
come to water. Take it to
them.
– Hardhat brim
extenders.
• Order them in and
issue them to the
workforce
• WATER, WATER,
WATER
– Keep the water cool
– Have enough on site
to provide two full
bottles of water (16
ozs) to each employee
every hour
– Order Electrolyte
Packets from Wise
and have a stock of
them
Engineering Controls (cont.)
– Shielding from radiant
heat sources
– Substituting machinery
for manual labor
– Allow for frequent
breaks for short periods
– Inspect employees daily
to ensure they are
dressed properly
– Remind them to drink
– Remind them to wear
sunblock
• OBSERVE, OBSERVE,
OBSERVE,
• Watch yourself for the
signs
• Take the time to look
at everyone you come
in contact with to see
if they are showing
the signs.
– If you are not sure if
they are or not, err on
the side of caution.
• Some basic OSHA
requirements that
you need to ensure
you are prepared to
meet
• The breakpoints are:
75 degrees, 85
degrees and 95
degrees
• 75 Degrees +: Jobsite
must have a written plan
for how to handle high
heat conditions.
• All employees must be
trained on the plan and it
must be posted on site
• 1. When
• When
temperatures
temperatures are
exceed 85 degrees
above 95 degrees
the employer must
you must provide
provide shaded
enough cool water
work areas which
to supply 32 ozs of
are strictly defined
water to each
person per hour
worked.
Company Policy
• Each employee will
• Anytime the
drink a full bottle of
temperature will
water
with
the
exceed 95 degrees
electrolyte package
all employees shall
inserted, under
be issued an
supervision
electrolyte packet
observation, before
at the start of the
the end of the
morning stretch and
day
flex.
• Provisions of water. Employees shall have access to potable
drinking water. MIN STOCK SHALL BE 32 OUNCES PER MAN
PER HOUR. Where drinking water is not plumbed or
otherwise continuously supplied it shall be provided in
sufficient quantity at the beginning of the work shift to
provide one quart per employee per hour for drinking for the
entire shift. Employers may begin the shift with smaller
quantities of water if they have effective procedures for
replenishment during the shift as needed to allow employees
to drink one quart or more per hour. The frequent drinking of
water shall be encouraged.
• KEEP IT COOL
– You can encourage OSHA complaints and thereby
citations if the drinking water is not kept cool.
– Cool is not defined exactly but a rule of thumb
that is used by inspectors is that the water should
be cool to the feel when drank.
– You should periodically check your water to make
sure it staying this way throughout the day.
SHADE
• Access to Shade.
•
(1) Shade is required to be present when the
temperature exceeds 85 degrees Fahrenheit. When the
outdoor temperature in the work area exceed 85 degrees
Fahrenheit, the employer shall have and maintain one or
more areas with shade at all times while employees are
present that are either open to the air or provided with
ventilation or cooling. The amount of shade present shall be
at least enough to accommodate 25% of the employees on
the shift at any time, so that they can sit in a normal posture
fully in the shade without having to be in physical contact with
each other. The shaded area shall be located as close as
practicable to the area where employees are working.
• IMPORTANT:
• A normal posture while sitting does not
include sitting on the ground. We need to
provide them something to sit on.
• A connex CAN NOT be used as a shaded area.
It is too hot in the direct sun.
SHADE
• (2) Shade is required to be available when the
temperature does not exceed 85 degrees
Fahrenheit. When the outdoor temperature in
the work area does not exceed 85 degrees
Fahrenheit employers shall either provide
shade as per the previous slide or provide
timely access to shade upon an employee’s
request.
SHADE
• (3) Employees shall be allowed and
encouraged to take a cool-down rest in the
shade for a period of no less than five minutes
at a time when they feel the need to do so to
protect themselves from overheating. Such
access to shade shall be permitted at all times.
• High heat procedures.
The employer shall
implement high-heat
procedures when the
temperature equals or
exceeds 95 degrees
Fahrenheit. These
procedures shall include
the following to the
extent practicable:
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(1) Ensuing that effective
communication by voice,
observation, or electronic means is
maintained so that employees at the
work sire can contact a supervisor
when necessary. An electronic
device, such as a cell phone or text
messaging device, may be used for
this purpose only if reception in the
area is reliable.
(2) Observing employees for
alertness and signs or symptoms of
heat illness.
(3) Reminding employees
throughout the work shift to drink
plenty of water.
• Close supervision of a new
employee by a supervisor
or designee for the first 14
days of the employee’s
employment by the
employer, unless the
employee indicates at the
time of hire that he or she
has been doing similar
outdoor work for at least
10 of the past 30 days for 4
or more hours per day.
• Un-aclimated employees
shall be assigned to work
only with employees that
can demonstrate they have
completed this course
• Un-aclimated employees
shall wear a red hard hat
tag for the first 14 days
• It is critical that the “buddy” assigned to an
un-acclimated employee be instructed that
they are responsible for observing the unacclimated employee carefully and ensuring
they do not over exert or under hydrate
• All supervisors are to be briefed daily on the
number of un-acclimated employees that are
on site and they are to monitor them all
carefully
Training
Employee training. Effective
training in the following topics
shall be provided to each
supervisory and nonsupervisory employee before
the employee begins work that
should reasonably be
anticipated to result in
exposure to the risk of heat
illness:
Topics
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The environmental and personal risk
factors for heat illness, as well as the
added burden of heat load on the body
cause by exertion, clothing, and personal
protective equipment.
(b) The employer’s
procedures for complying with all the
requirements of this standard.
(c) The importance of
frequent consumption of small quantities
of water, up to 4 cups per hour, when the
work environment is hot and employees
are likely to be sweating more than usual
in the performance of their duties.
Employee training cont.
• (d) The importance of
acclimatization.
•
(e) The different
types of heat illness and the
common signs and symptoms of
heat illness.
•
(f) The importance
to employees of immediately
reporting to the employer,
directly or through the
employee’s supervisor, symptoms
or signs of heat illness in
themselves, or in co-workers.
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The employer’s procedure s for responding to
symptoms of possible heat illness, including how
emergency medical services will be provided
should they become necessary.
(h) The employer’s
procedures for contacting emergency medical
services, and if necessary, for transporting
employees to a point where they can be
reached by an emergency medical service
provider.
(i) The employer’s
procedure for ensuring that, in the event of an
emergency, clear and precise directions to the
work site can and will provided as needed to
emergency responders. These procedures shall
include designating a person to be available to
ensure that emergency procedures are invoked
when appropriate.
Supervisor training. Prior to
supervising employees
performing work that should
reasonably be anticipated to
result in exposure to the risk of
heat illness effective training
on the following topics shall be
provided to the supervisor:
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a) The information required to be
provided by section (e) (1) above.
(b) The procedures
the supervisor is to follow to
implement the applicable provisions
in this section.
(c) The procedures
the supervisor is to follow when an
employee exhibits symptoms
consistent with possible heat illness,
including emergency response
procedures.
(d) How to monitor
weather reports and how to respond
to hot weather advisories.
Administrative Controls
– Schedule heavy work for a cooler time of year or in the evening and early
morning
– Allow more frequent breaks or longer rest periods
– Allow time for workers to become conditioned to heat
– If temperatures are forecast to be in excess of 95 degrees F for the day the
following SHALL be done
• Each employee on the project shall be issued a bottle of water and an electrolyte powder
packet at the beginning of stretch and flex
• Each employee shall consume the bottle of water with the electrolyte powder in it before
they leave stretch and flex
• This will help ensure they at least have some electrolyte infusion before starting the work
day.
– DO NOT ALLOW THE CONSUMPTION OF RED BULL OR OTHER ENERGY DRINKS
– DO NOT MAKE COFFEE OR TEAS WHICH CONTAIN CAFFEIN ON THE PROJECT
WHEN TEMPERATURES EXCEED 98 degrees
Administrative Controls (cont.)
– Reduce physical demand on workers when temperatures
exceed 98 degrees F.
• This will require careful planning so that you can accomplish it
without losing your productivity.
– Use relief workers when necessary to ensure you can
rotate people out for high energy use tasks if the
temperatures exceed 100 degrees.
• This will require careful planning to implement. Do not rotate
people out on breaks, but you could try to find high energy and
low energy tasks and plan to rotate between them for example.
– Adjust hours on hot work environments
– Pace the work
– Never allow workers to work alone so that they can be
observed. Teach them to use the buddy system.
PPE
– Shade-providing hats
– Portable water
products
– Reflective clothing
– Systems that circulate
air around the body
• Brim extenders
• Sunblock
Medical Questions
– Ask employees if they have
ever suffered from Heat
Stroke in the past.
• A person that has suffered
heat stroke is more likely to
suffer it again.
• Keep a closer observation
on persons that answer yes
– Observe employees when
they come into work.
• If they show signs if extreme
fatigue, dehydration, alcohol
consumption, etc. do not
expose them high heat
physical work
– Removing high-risk
employees from hot
working environments
• REMEMBER THIS:
IT IS BETTER TO
SEND AN
EMPLOYEE HOME
IN THE MORNING
THAN TO SEND
THEM HOME IN
AN AMBULANCE
Work Monitoring Programs
– Encourage Employees
to do the following:
• Check heart rate at
the beginning of a rest
period
• Check pulse 2.5
minutes after break
starts
• There heart rate
should have begun to
return to normal. If
not this an indication
of a problem
• Work in teams and
pairs and instruct
the employees to
watch each other
for signs of heat
stress disorders
• Remind employees
daily what to
watch for.
Investigating
Heat-Related Illness
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BE SURE TO INCLUDE ALL OF THE FOLLOWING IN YOUR REPORT
Events leading up to the incident
Work being done at time of incident
Length of time employee working
Engineering and administrative controls
PPE
Medical observation and worker monitoring
Preventing HeatRelated Illness
– Do you understand
the information
presented in the
previous slides?
Water, Water, Water
– Drink plenty of water
all day
– Drink electrolytebalanced fluids if you
sweat a lot
– Drink at least one cup of
fluid every 15-20
minutes when working
in hot conditions
– Avoid caffeine and
alcohol
Key Points to Remember
– Working in hot conditions can affect your health
and safety
– Understand the risks and the precautions
– Know symptoms of heat-related illness and firstaid response
– Use all available measures to reduce heat stress
and keep safe and healthy when working in hot
conditions
• OTHER OUTDOOR HAZARDS
Prequiz:
True or False?
A variety of outdoor hazards can cause
injury or illness.
There’s little you can do to protect yourself
from outdoor hazards.
It’s safe to approach wild animals if they
appear harmless.
Pesticides can be hazardous to your health.
Poisonous Plants
Know How to Identify Poisonous
Plants
“
Leaves of three,
let them be.
”
Protection Strategies
Hat
Long-sleeved shirt & gloves
Long pants and socks
Safety glasses
Boots/outdoor shoes
Poisonous Plant First Aid
Insect Bites and Stings
• Normal
stings/bites
– Normal
stings/bites
• Allergic
reactions
– Allergic
reactions
• Severe
reactions
– Severe
reactions
Spider Bites
Black Widow Spider
Brown Recluse Spider
SEEK IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION
Preventing Insect Bites
Cover up
Wear white or
light colors
Use insect repellent
Wear perfume
or cologne
Swat insects
Do outdoor work
if severely allergic
Insect Bite First Aid
For most people:
• Apply ice
• Use Calamine or hydrocortisone
• Remove stinger
If you’re allergic:
• Allergy kit
• Medical ID tag
• Allergy shots
Lyme Disease
Lyme disease — n. bacterial infection
caused by the bite of a tick.
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Preventing Lyme Disease
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Avoid tick-infested areas
Wear long clothing
Use tick repellent
Perform tick checks
Remove ticks properly
Outdoor Hazards:
Match the picture to the hazard
Tick
Black widow
spider
Brown
recluse spider
Poison ivy
Outdoor Hazards:
Match Hazards to First Aid
Poison ivy contact
Apply ice
Black widow bite
Remove with tweezers
Insect bite/sting
Get immediate medical
attention
Tick bite
Wash three times
Outdoor Hazards
And Precautions
• Do you understand:
you understand:
–Do
Poisonous
plant hazards,
strategies,
•protection
Poisonous
plant
and
first aid?protection
hazards,
strategies,
andhazards,
first
– Insect
bite/sting
aid?
prevention,
and first aid?
Insect
bite/sting
– •Lyme
disease
causes and
hazards, prevention,
prevention?
and first aid?
• Lyme disease causes
and prevention?
Snakebites
• Risks
– Risks
• Reactions
– Reactions
• Venomous
snakes
– Venomous
snakes
Snakebites First Aid
Wash bite
Use ice
Immobilize area
Use tourniquet
Get medical help
Give electric shock
Wrap bandage
above bite
Make wound cuts
Use suction device
Avoiding Snakebites
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•
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Leave snakes alone
Stay out of tall grass
Watch your hands
Be alert in rocky areas
Other Animal Bites
– Infections
Infections
– •Rabies
• Rabies
Animal Bite First Aid
• Stop bleeding
• Wash wound
• Bandage
• Get medical attention
• Locate animal
• Get rabies shots
5 Strategies for
Avoiding Animal Bites
1. Keep clear
2. Don’t get between animals
3. Don’t disturb when eating
4. Back away slowly
5. Wrap arm in jacket
6. Stay clear of babies
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Key Points to Remember
Recognize poisonous plants.
Protect yourself from insect bites.
Avoid snakes and other wild animals.
Take proper precautions when working
in the heat or cold.
Be careful using pesticides and herbicides.
Understand outdoor power tool hazards
and precautions.
Please return to the main page and
complete the test. Thank you