Transcript 投影片 1

The Politics of Identity Formation:
the Case of Koo Chen-fu
Clare Tsai-man HO
Centre of Asian Studies
The University of Hong Kong
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The structure of my
presentation
Introduction of the Koo family
Research Question
Analytical Framework
Putting the figures into historical settings:
The eras in which Koo lived up
Taiwan under Japanese Rule
Taiwan under the Nationalist Government
Koo’s episode
Koo’s exile in Hong Kong
Koo’s return to Taiwan
Conclusion
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The Koo Family in Taiwan
Koo Chen-fu
Koo Hsien-jung
Koo Kwan-min
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My Research Question:
 “In his whole life, my
father never speaks
Japanese”.
 “Koo Chen-fu grew up in
a traditional Chinese
family, accepting the
In what conditions do people have
Chinese Education,
to make statements like that?
reading Chinese. “
 “I am Chinese; I am
Taiwanese”
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The dialectical relations of identity formation:
a configuration of power
The schemes of
the governance
Significant Networks
generate social
affiliation and help
gaining social
recognition
Networks, comprised
of Significant Others
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Putting the figures into historical settings:
Regimes in
清朝
Ching
明治めいじ
Meiji (1895-1912)
大正 たいしょう
Taishō
（1912-1926）
昭和しょうわ
Syou-wa
(1926-1945)
The Chiang Regimes
（1945-1988）
Koo Hsien-jung
（1866-1937）
Koo Chen-fu
（1917-2005）
Koo Kwan-min
（1926--）
Self-Exile in HK
(1949-1952)
Self-Exile via HK
to Japan
(1947-1972)
Democratization
(1988--)
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Modernization as well as “Douka”(同化) in Taiwan
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Japan and China in Father’s eyes
Taiwan under Japanese Rule
Modernization= Japanization?
Yes and No
Dichotomy between modern civilization
Advanced Japan
Backward China
Dichotomy of Identities
Naichijin(內地人)
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Bondojin(本島人)
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The eras in which Koo Chen-fu grew up
Regimes in
清朝
Ching
明治めいじ
Meiji (1895-1912)
大正 たいしょう
Taishō
（1912-1926）
昭和しょうわ
Syou-wa
(1926-1945)
The Chiang Regimes
（1945-1988）
Koo Chen-fu
（1917-2005）
Self-Exile in HK
(1949-1952)
Democratization
(1988--)
• Liberal Taishō and Militarism-driven Showa
• 2 events in His Childhood
•Crown Prince Hirohito visited Taiwan
•His transfer to Japanese elementary school
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Kōminka movement in Taiwan from 1937 to 1945
1. From Japanese to “good” Japanese
2. Call for ‘total mobilization of national spirit”(國民精神總動員)
• Shinto altars displaced ancestral worship
• Japanese-style houses usurped local architecture
• Japanese surnames replaced Chinese names
• National attire (國民服) substituted for Chinese and
Taiwanese-style clothing
3. Kōminhokokai(皇民奉公會, public service association of
Imperial Subjects) was set up to mobilize this movement.
KCF was assigned in the Kōminhokokai , and carried out lots of tasks.
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Koo Hsien-jung died in 1937. The
funeral was processed in Japanese style
in order to make example for Taiwanese.
Source: KCF’s Biography
Around 1940, a letter KCF wrote
to his mother from Japan.
It’s in Japanese.
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Source: snapshot from Documentary of KCF on TV
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Japan’s Defeat
A curious episode in Koo’s life
In 1946 Koo was put in jail for
treason charge
Taiwan’s Decolonization
Celebration was short
Economic collapse and
corruptive governance
Political Violence from the Chiangs Regime
A neocolonial regime
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How much did Taiwanese know about the Republic of China?
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SERIOUS INFLATION
Time period
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Rice/ per 1 Tai Jin(0.67kg)
index
1945.8
0.2 yen
1 time
1945.10
3.6 yen
18 times
1945.11
12.0 yen
60 times
1946.2
16.8 yen
84 times
1946.4
20.0 yen
100 times
1947.1
80 yen
400 times
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1. Taiwanese— “Incomplete” Chinese
2. After 228 Incidents,
Anyone could be ‘Communist’ or ‘Traitor’(漢奸)
“I hope that every Taiwanese will fully recognize his duty to
our fatherland and strictly observe discipline , so as not to
be utilized by treacherous gangs and laughed at by the
Japanese…. Thus only can Taiwanese be free from the
debt they owe to the entire nation which has undergone so
many sacrifices and bitter struggles for the last fifty years
in order to recover Taiwan.“
-- Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, addressing the Weekly Memorial
Services at Nanking, March 10, 1947
3. Uprooting Japan; Implanting China
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Koo’s exile in Hong Kong :re-adjustment, new social affiliation
and social recognition
• He married to Yen Cho-yun (Cecilia Koo)
1. His motive to return to Taiwan
2. The newly constructed network:
•Key person:
Yeh Ming-shun, Cecilia’s brother in law
•
To solve the political crises
Yeh Ming-Shun Peng Meng-Chi(彭孟緝)
•
To join the KMT-governed system
Yeh Ming-Shun Huang Shao-gu
(Executive Yuan)
Yeh Ming-Shun Chang Zi-kai
(the Minister of Economic Affair)
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Koo’s exile in Hong Kong : re-adjustment, new social affiliation
and social recognition
The Chinese element: Peking Opera
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On the eve of Koo-Wang Talk
In DPP’s eyes,
He was insufficiently Taiwanese
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Conclusion
1. Can we refuse a finalized and holistic
affirmation of “Japaneseness”, “Chineseness”, or “Taiwaneseness”?
2. Contradiction between 內地人/本島人; 日本人/台灣人 all dissolved by
identification as “komin”(皇民, imperial subject)
3. Contrast between ‘大陸’ and ‘台灣’, ‘國民’/ colonial subjects, is
suppressed in favor of “祖國”(father/motherland) and “中國人”(Chinese)
respectively.
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Speaking of Peking opera, Koo said:
The move and process to step on stage
demands discipline. For the new performer’s
debut, it is always his teacher who pushes him
toward the stage. Once on stage, he can never
turn back and has to keep going forward.
Palpitating and uneasy is unavoidable.
Thus, he has to find his own position on the
stage and stand firm as soon as possible. Yet,
where to stand is also important. Only in a right
position is he able to play the role well.
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