Transcript Glaciation: The Lake District

Glaciation: The Lake District
Environmental Interactions:
Rural Land Resources
Topic Outline
1. Glacial Landforms 20
marker.
2. Social, economic and
environmental
opportunities in the
Lake District.
3. Land use conflicts in
the Lake District.
4. Management of the
Lake District.
Aims of the lesson
• To practice answering 20 mark questions on
upland glacial landforms.
Glacial Landforms
Describe and explain, with the aid
of annotated diagrams, the
formation of the main features of
glacial erosion in the Lake District
or any other glaciated upland
area which you have studied.
20 Marks
Tips:
• Landforms:
–
–
–
–
–
–
•
•
•
Corrie
Arete & Pyramidal Peak
U-Shaped Valley
Hanging Valley
Scree Slopes
Terminal moraine
4 Marks awarded for named
examples.
Detailed explanation of
processes required.
16 marks only if no diagrams
included.
Processes of Glacial Erosion
Freeze Thaw (Frost Shattering)
Water in cracks in the rock freezes and
expands.
After many cycles of freezing and thawing
lumps of rock are
broken off.
Plucking
Glacier ice freezes into cracks in rocks and
when the glacier
moves it pulls out chunks to leave a
jagged surface.
Abrasion
Rocks stuck in the ice grind away the
bedrock under the
glacier.
Corrie e.g. Helvellyn
Arête e.g. Striding Edge
U-Shaped Valley e.g. Honister
Erratic e.g. Bowder Stone
Scree Slopes e.g. Wastwater Screes
Glacial Landforms
Describe and explain, with the aid
of annotated diagrams, the
formation of the main features of
glacial erosion in the Lake District
or any other glaciated upland
area which you have studied.
20 Marks
Tips:
• Landforms:
–
–
–
–
–
–
•
•
•
Corrie
Arete & Pyramidal Peak
U-Shaped Valley
Hanging Valley
Scree Slopes
Terminal moraine
4 Marks awarded for named
examples.
Detailed explanation of
processes required.
16 marks only if no diagrams
included.
Peer Marking
Pass your finished 20 mark answer to another member of
the class.
Using a highlighter you will mark on the areas where you
would give marks.
Use the marking scheme provided and textbooks to help
you.
As bullet points, add in any information you feel they
have missed out.
Homework
Using the comments from other members of the
class, repeat your glacial landforms 20 mark
answer.
Use the sample answer provided also.
Summary
So far we have…
• practiced answering 20 mark questions on
upland glacial landforms.
Aims of the lesson
• To learn about the location of the Lake
District.
• To learn about water supply in the Lake
District.
Location of the Lake District
Using the “Modern School
Atlas” you are going to writer
a brief description of the
location of the Lake District
It should include:
• When it opened: 1951
• The name of a settlement
within it: K_________
• The names of three cities
nearby.
• The names of the main
roads connecting those
cities to the Dales.
Location of the Lake District
The Lake District National
Park is situated in the North
West of England. It is an
area of spectacular
glaciated scenery which is
easily accessible via the M6
motorway from many large
urban areas including the
Manchester conurbation;
Merseyside and Yorkshire.
Major settlements in the
Lake District are Keswick
and Kendal.
Land Use in the Lake District
The major land uses in
the Lake District are:
1. Water Supply
2. Hill Sheep Farming
3. Tourism
Water Supply in the Lake District
Lake Windermere
Suitability
Why do you think
water supply is a
suitable land use in the
Laker District?
Think about:
• Location
• Number of lakes
• Cost
Suitability
Lakes have been providing
water to Manchester for
100 years.
Granite rock is
impermeable.
The lakes are cheaper than
constructing reservoirs.
There is plenty of water
available (supplies 30% of
regions water needs).
Conflict
Review Questions
Read p11 & 12 of the
Intermediate textbook.
Answer Qs 1,3,4,5.
Summary
So far we have…
• learnt about the location of the Lake District.
• learnt about water supply in the Lake District.
– Suitability
– Conlfict
Aims of the lesson
• To learn about the social and economic
opportunities in the Lake District.
Social & Economic Opportunities in
Upland Areas
Activity
Dotted around the room are various fact cards
on opportunities in the Lake District.
Move around the room, taking at least 4 bullet
points of notes at each station.
Be ready to discuss why each social and
economic opportunity is suitable in the Lake
District.
Farming
In upland areas many slopes are too steep
for the use of large machinery and
temperatures very low with a short
growing season. Soils are thinner and
rainfall heavy. It would be difficult to
grow crops so Hill Sheep Farming is
predominant with some beef cattle on
lower and better land.
The wool industry was very important in
the past and sheep wool is still used for
carpet making.
Small farms used to be the principal
employment in the Lake District but the
umbers of farms has fallen significantly
with land being sold for housing and
tourism.
Farmers now rely on EU subsidies and
diversification for 80% of their income.
Forestry
Large plantations are often seen –
mainly because the land is poor and
difficult to build on and forestry
provides a profitable activity (which
also provides leisure activities).
The Forestry Commission has planted
coniferous trees in many upland areas
with over 75,000 tonnes of timber
produced each year.
The wood is mainly used as firewood
and timber for housing. The forestry
also creates new wildlife habitats,
protecting the local environment.
There are 53 full time jobs working
for the Forestry Commission in the
Lake District National Park.
Industry
This ranges from mining and
quarrying local stone to the
main industry of tourism and
recreation. Upland areas
rarely attract factories and
modern industries so
extractive industries are more
common.
Slate is quarried in the Lake
District from 10 quarries e.g.
Kirkstone Slate near
Ambleside.
Tourism
This is one of the major employers in the
Lake District and provides both social and
economic opportunities. Increased car
ownership and the opening of the M6
motorway means that 10 million people
are within a 3 hour drive of the Lake
District.
Tourism has become important with the
decline of traditional industries. It has
helped keep some services like schools
and shops in the local area and has
brought leisure centres.
Estimates suggest that in some areas e.g.
Windermere more than 50% of the active
population are employed in the tourist
industry.
Many other jobs are also supported
indirectly through visitor spending e.g.
bakers, builders and estate agents.
“With reference to Loch Lomond and the Trossachs or any other
named upland area that you have studied, explain the social and
economic opportunities create by the landscape.”
10 Marks
Tips:
• Name you case study
area.
• Explain the suitability of
each land use:
–
–
–
–
–
Farming
Forestry
Industry
Water Supply
Tourism
• Quote figures and give
named examples.
Summary
So far we have…
• learnt about the social and economic
opportunities in the Lake District:
– Farming
– Forestry
– Industry
– Water Supply
– Tourism
Match Up
Land Use
Social & Economic Opportunity
Farming
Large quantities of slate, good road
links for transport (M6).
Forestry
Large ribbon lakes. 30% of regions
supply provided this way.
Industry
Land is too poor to grow crops. This
is profitable.
Water Supply
22 million visitors a year. 10 million
within 3 hours.
Tourism
Thin soil, heavy rain, cold & steep
slopes.
Aims of the lesson
• To learn about conflict between land uses in
the Lake District.
• To learn about specific solutions to these
conflicts in the Lake District.
Conflict Triangles
In your groups, create a conflict
triangle for each of the following
land use conflicts:
Farming V Tourism
Effect
Forestry V Tourism
Industry V Tourism
Tourism V Tourism
Use the handouts provided to
help you.
Cause
Solution
“Describe and explain the environmental conflicts that may occur
in a named upland area you have studied (You should refer to
named locations within your chosen landscape).”
10 Marks
Tips:
• Name your case study.
• Identify a conflict e.g.
tourists v farming.
• Explain reasons why
each of these land
uses is in conflict.
• Make reference to
named examples.
Lake District National Park Authority
Problem:
Footpath Erosion
Solutions:
1. Routes signposted.
2. Stones laid on
footpaths.
3. Footpaths fenced off
from fields.
4. New routes planned
away from affected
areas.
Lake District National Park Authority
Problem:
Litter & Vandalism
Solutions:
1. Designated picnic
areas with litter
bins.
2. Park Wardens
supervise and
educate.
Lake District National Park Authority
Problem:
Cars parked on verges of
narrow lanes.
Solutions:
1. More car parks on ritter
paving in Ambleside.
2. School premises used
during summer holidays.
3. Yellow lines to prevent
parking.
4. Park & Ride schemes.
5. One way systems.
“Describe specific solutions to environmental conflicts in
a named upland area you have studied.”
10 Marks
Tips:
• Name your case
study.
• Identify a conflict e.g.
tourists v farming.
• Describe solutions to
this specific conflict
with reference to
examples.
Summary
So far we have…
• learnt about conflict between land uses in the
Lake District.
• learnt about specific solutions to these
conflicts in the Lake District.
Each year the National Park has more than 22
million visitors either on day trips or holidays.
The area attracts a wide variety of visitors
including those who want to visit the passive
attractions like the picturesque villages to
National Trust properties such as Hill Top the
home of Beatrix Potter or Grasmere with its
connections to Wordsworth. Others will prefer
the active attractions on offer from sailing on
the many lakes to walking the Lakeland Fells.