Transcript Document

CDM 2007
MAKING A DIFFERENCE
1
Focus
•
To change attitudes
•
To change behaviours
•
Achieve sensible risk
management
2
Co-ordination:
•
During the pre-construction
phase
•
During the Construction
Phase
Information Flow:
•
During the pre-construction
phase
•
During the construction
phase
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The objective of CDM
 Strategic approach to HS on
project design, planning,
preparation and execution
 To reduce the total amount of
risk which is introduced into the
construction process by effective
management of health and safety
 Or how better cheaper projects
can be procured that do not harm
those who have to build and
maintain them
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History
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CDM 1994 came into force on 31 March 1995
– Implemented TMCS Directive
– Directive recognised the particular risks created for sites
which were temporary or mobile
– Identified the need to reduce risk by better coordination,
management, and cooperation.
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The CDM Regulations represented a major change in how
industry managed H&S.
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For the first time the duties of clients and designers were
made explicit.
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Early concerns about complexity and bureaucracy rather than
focus on risk reduction - Became paper and system led
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History of the Revision
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November 2001 revision of CDM
ACoP
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September 2002 Discussion Document
‘Revitalising Health and Safety in
Construction’
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March 2005 HSC publish consultation
document with draft combined
Regulations and draft guidance
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December 2005 HSC agreed
Regulations should be supported by an
ACoP and Industry produced
Guidance
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Implementation date April 2007
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What has been achieved
(Percentage incidence rate changes against targets)
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Aim of the revision
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•
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Simplify the regulations and improve clarity
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Strengthen requirements on cooperation and
coordination - encourage better integration
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Simplify competence assessment; reduce
bureaucracy and raise standards
Maximise their flexibility
Focus on effective planning and management
of risk, not ‘The Plan’ and other paperwork
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What are the main changes?
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Main change is making explicit what is
already implicit!
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CHSW and CDM combined Regulations
apply to all construction work
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New trigger for appointments and
preparation of the plan
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Clients duty on management
arrangements
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A new dutyholder- the coordinator
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Clarity in relation to competence
assessment
Designers to eliminate hazards; reduce
risk
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Structure of the Regs•
Five parts
– Part 1: Introduction
– Part 2: General management duties applying to
construction projects
– Part 3: Additional duties where projects is
notifable
– Part 4: Health and Safety on Construction sites
– Part 5: General
– Schedules 1 to 4
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Structure of the Regs
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Regulations apply to all construction work
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Duties remain on clients, designers, & contractors
regardless of notification
Notification triggers appointment of duty holders and
duties in Part 3 of the Regulations
– PC
– Coordinator
– File
– Preconstruction plan
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Trigger for Appointments
CDM 1994
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Enforcing authority
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5 or more workers
Domestic Client
Demolition
CDM 2007
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Domestic Client
30 days 500 person
days
30 days, 500 person
days
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What difference do the HSE want to see
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The Regs have been revised
A change in behaviour is needed to achieve the
aims
– The key objectives are
• Reduce risk
• Integrate health and safety
• Reduce bureaucracy
• Reduce paperwork
• Develop understanding and take ownership
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A Change in mind set is required
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“Pre tender health and safety plan scrapped
Competence assessments is greatly
simplified
Changes needed include stopping :
• Stop doing unhelpful DRAs
• Coordinators insisting on DRAs to
check compliance
• Coordinators checking PC’s RA
and method statements
• CDM policy statements
• Verification culture
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Cutting back on paper
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Does it reduce risk? Challenge for
all actions.
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CDM 2007 requires 3 documents
– An F 10 Notification
– A Construction phase health and
safety plan
– The Health and Safety File
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Any other paper is your choice Information
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Risk
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CDM has been changed
– A “business as usual approach’’ with no change
achieved
– Failure to take the opportunity to reduce paperwork and
bureaucratic systems
– ‘Gold plating’ by advice and consultancy services
beyond what is required by the regulations
– Failure for duty holders to embrace changes where their
role has changed
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Change can be hard
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Client Duties why
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The Client has one of the biggest influences over the way a
project is run. They have substantial influence and
contractual control and their decisions and approach
determine
– Time money and resources
– Project team, competence, when they are appointed
– Whether the team is encouraged to cooperate and work
together effectively
– Whether the team have the information that they need
about the site and existing structures
– The arrangements for maintaining and coordinating the
work of the team
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Expectation of Clients
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Makes them accountable for the
impact they have on H&S
standards
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They should make sure things
are done not do them themselves
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Must provide enough time and
resource to allow the project to
be delivered safely
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Coordinator is their key advisor
No duty to go to site
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What clients must do
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Engage a competent and
adequately resourced team early
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Provide relevant information to
team
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Ensure welfare is in place from
the start
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Ensure arrangements for
managing the project are
suitable
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Ensure work does not start until
the PC has a H & S plan
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Coordinators
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More than just a change of name
– Client advisor on competence; provision of
information and adequacy of H&S plan;
– Ensure the proper coordination of the design
process – safe to build, use, maintain, and
demolish
– Should provide the right information to the right
people at the right time
– Draw up the health and safety file
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Expectation Of Coordinators
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Are expected to adopt a positive
enabling role
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Brevity and clarity is key
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They do not have to approve RA or
methods statements
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Advise on management arrangements
not the detail
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No duty to go to site
They must be discouraged
– from developing unproductive
paper based systems
– Asking for proof from designers
such as DRA
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Who can be a Coordinator
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Anyone - so long as they fulfil competence given in
ACOP
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An appointment has be made early
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On small jobs a combined role of designer and
Coordinator may have advantages
The duties can be carried out by a
– Designer
– Contractor
– PC
– A Designer or full time Coordinator
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CDM 2007 – Making A Difference
Designers
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Who are Designers?
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People who prepare a design for construction
work, including:
– Drawings
– Design details, analysis, calculations
– Specifications & bills of quantities
– Design & Build contractors
– Statutory bodies that require features that
are not statutory requirements
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Designers
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Designs should be safe, to build, to use,
to clean, to maintenance, to demolish
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Inform others of significant or unusual
risks which remain
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Amount of effort put in to risk reduction
should be proportionate to the risk
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Take account of relevant provisions of
Workplace Regs
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Eliminate hazards and reduce risks from
the start of the design process subject to
other relevant design considerations
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Information
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Designers must provide information to
identify and manage remaining significant
risks to those that need it
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If in doubt discuss
Achieved by brief
– Notes on drawings
– Written information provided with the
design
– Suggested construction sequences when
not obvious
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- Records
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Competent designers eliminate hazards and reduce risks –
manage the risk not the paperwork
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CDM does not require Designers to keep records
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But - brief records why key decision were made will be
helpful when designs are passed to another to prevent
decisions being reversed
Designer are not required to produce copious amounts of
paperwork detailing hazards and risk
– This is potential harmful and must be positively
discouraged
– May reflect a lack of competence
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Design Risk Assessment
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DRA is not a requirement of CDM
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Every design is different. The dynamic
process of design & the proper exercise of
judgement should incorporate hazard
elimination & risk reduction
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Final drawings & notes will represent the
“significant findings”.
Eliminate hazards & reduce risks from
remaining hazards - ERIC
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Design Review
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Consider buildability, operability,
maintainability throughout the design process
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Design review should include hazard
elimination & risk reduction
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Knowledge of relevant H&S risks will be
required
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Don’t forget occupational health issues, where
designers can also have positive impact
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Designers Summary
• Eliminate hazards
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By experience
By red amber green lists
By challenging existing practice
By considering implications of their actions
By talking to contractors
By complying with the work place regs
Communicate simply outstanding hazards
Do not produce paper unless it is of value
Do not worry and trivial risk
Engage and take ownership
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Designing out hazard
Simple design
measure to reduce risk
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Competence - Organisations:
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Stage 1: An assessment of the company’s
organisation and arrangements for health and
safety to determine whether these are
sufficient to enable them to carry out the work
safely and without risks to health
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Stage 2: An assessment of the company’s
experience and track record to establish that it
is capable of doing the work; it recognises its
limitations and how these will be overcome
and it appreciates the risks from doing the
work and how these will be tackled
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Summary
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Evolution, not revolution
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Focus on effective planning and
management of risk through
integrated teams
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Real investment in competence &
skills of the workforce
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Paperwork should be risk focussed
and project specific;
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Actively drive out needless
bureaucracy
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Provide the right information to the
right people at the right time;
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Building on success
Achieve the next step change in
industry performance
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ACOP and Industry Guidance
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HSE Approved Code of Practice
Supported by Industry produced guidance
Web sites
– HSE
– http://www.hse.gov.uk
– SiD
– http://www.safetyindesign.org
– DBP
– http://www.dbp.org.uk
Many thanks to Andrew East of the Health & Safety
Executive for his guidance on the overview of CDM
2007
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CDM 2007
A NEW OPPORTUNITY ?
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BACKGROUND
CDM 1994 introduced to improve H&S on
constructions by:-
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Moving away from contractual
responsibilities
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To legal dutyholders
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Participation of all
Impose framework for cooperation,
communication & coordination
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SUCCESS ?
Not entirely due to :-
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PS appointed too late to influence design
Lack of competency of dutyholders eg. PS
Lack of understanding
Inadequate time
Complicated procedures & paperwork
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CURRENT SITUATION
as of February 2007
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New Regulations to come into force
2007
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Draft ACOP available now
April
Actual Regulations published
Awaiting Guidance from HSE & CONIAC
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SO WHAT’S NEW
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In certain areas – not much
In others – more prescriptive approach
Old regs set out what was required but not HOW to
be carried out eg.
– Competency
– Cooperation
– Time periods
– When appointments to be made
Does CDM 2007 change that ?
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Amendments to other regulations
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Completely revokes CDM 1994
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Amends MHSWR with additional duties on
self-employed (no difference from employed)
Completely revokes CHSWR 1996
Amends WHSWR so some regs now apply to
construction sites
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Main changes
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Additional duties on clients
Planning Supervisor replaced by CDM Coordinator
with new duties
Early appointment of Coordinator
Additional duties on designers
“Pre-construction Information” replaces Pre-tender
H&S Plan
Details of competency for designers, coordinators and
contractors
Now includes requirements for “Safe Place of Work”
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Non-notifiable Projects
• Less than 30 days or 500 person days
– Clients do not have to :
• Appoint a CDM coordinator
• Appoint a Principal Contractor
• Ensure a written H&S Plan is prepared (except for
demolition work, asbestos, confined space, tandem
crane lifts, live electrical equipment
– But have to
• Appoint competent persons
• These persons need coordinate & plan the works
SO…..
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Non-notifiable Projects
In effect, every construction project or
building job, no matter how small, is
now a “CDM” job
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Clients Duties
(Not domestic)
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Sufficient time
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Provide information (see later)
Suitable welfare
Complies with Workplace Regulations (not
just Building Regs)
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Designers Duties
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No design work unless client aware of his
duties
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SFAISP design to avoid H&S risks
– Carrying our construction work
– Affected by construction work
– Cleaning windows etc
– Maintaining permanent fixtures & fittings
– Use the structure as a place of work (eg.
movement of vehicles when building in
use)
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Change of attitudes ?
Not someone else’s problem to build, clean or
maintain the structure
Spells out the need for designers to consider the
impact of their design on others
No meant to stifle creative design
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Additional Clients duties
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ASAIP after initial design work competent CDM Coordinator to
be appointed
ASAIP appoint a competent Principal Contractor after enough is
known about the project
Changed & renewed when required
Accept those duties himself if they are not filled
Appointments in writing
Provides adequate information including minimum time before
construction work starts
Confirms H&S Plan prepared prior to start
Confirms liaison between PC & Coordinator for ongoing design
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Additional Duties on Designers
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Must not start any design work, other than
preliminary work, unless a CDM Coordinator
has been appointed
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Take all reasonable steps to ensure that all
relevant design related information is passed
to the Coordinator
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CDM Coordinator duties
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Give advice to client as their duties
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Identify & collect pre-construction information
Ensure coordination & cooperation
Ensure appropriate risk control measures in place
Liaise with PC re. H&S File, prep of H&S Plan,
design developments etc.
Ensure designers comply with their duties &
cooperate with PC & each other
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CDM Coordinator duties
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Advise & help client re. competency of
designers & contractors & adequacy of H&S
management arrangements for project
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Produce information pack (inc. for example
structural, ground & asbestos surveys)
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Coordinated design work, planning &
management of H&S
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CDM Coordinator duties
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Advise client re. suitability of initial H&S
Plan & to ensure adequate welfare from start
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Liaise with PC re. ongoing design
Prepare H&S File & hand to client
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Additional Duties on Contractors &
Principal Contractors
?
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Pre-construction Information
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Should be site specific
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Should not include statements like:– “contractors to obtain information on
services”
– “possible contamination”
Include relevant information
– Designers buildability review
– Anticipated methods of construction eg.
forklift
– Minimum period of mobilisation
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Pre-construction Information
The level of detail should be proportionate to the risks involved in the
project.
1. Description of project:
a) project description and programme details including:
– key dates (including planned start and finish of the construction
phase); and
– the minimum time to be allowed between appointment of the
principal contractor and instruction to commence work on site.
b) details of client, designers, co-ordinator and other consultants;
c) whether or not the structure will be used as a place of work (in which
case the design will need to take account of the relevant requirements of
The Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 (as
amended)
d) extent and location of existing records and plans.
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Pre-construction Information
2. Client's considerations and management
requirements:
a)
arrangements for:
– planning and managing the construction work,
including any health and safety goals for the
project;
– communication and liaison between client and
others;
– security of the site;
– welfare provision;
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Pre-construction Information
b) requirements relating to the health and safety of the client's
employees or customers, or other people involved in the project,
such as:
– the requirement for site hoardings
– site transport arrangements or restriction on vehicle
movements
– client permit-to-work systems
– fire precautions
– emergency procedures and means of escape
– 'no-go' areas or other authorisation requirements
– any areas designated as a confined space by the client
– smoking and parking restrictions
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Pre-construction Information
3. Environmental restrictions and existing on-site risks:
a) Safety hazards, including:
• boundaries and access, including temporary access, e.g. narrow streets, lack
of parking, turning or storage space;
• any restrictions on deliveries or waste collection or storage;
• adjacent land uses, e.g. schools, railway lines or busy roads;
• existing storage of hazardous materials;
• location of existing services particularly those that are concealed - water,
electricity, gas, etc.;
• ground conditions, underground structures or water courses where this
might affect the safe use of plant, e.g. cranes, or the safety of groundworks;
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Pre-construction Information
3. Environmental restrictions and existing on-site risks:
a) Safety hazards, including:
• information on existing structures - stability, structural form, fragile or
hazardous materials, anchorage points for fall arrest systems (particularly
where demolition is involved);
• previous structural modifications, including weakening or strengthening of
the structure;
• fire damage, ground shrinkage, movement or poor maintenance which may
have adversely affected the structure;
• any difficulties relating to plant and equipment in the premises, such as
overhead gantries whose height restricts access;
• health and safety information contained in earlier design, construction or
'as-built' drawings, such as details of pre-stressed or post-tensioned
structures.
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Pre-construction Information
b)
Health hazards, including:
– asbestos, including results of surveys
(particularly where demolition is involved);
– existing storage of hazardous materials;
– contaminated land, including results of
surveys;
– existing structures containing hazardous
materials;
– health risks arising from clients' activities.
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Pre-construction Information
4. Significant design and construction hazards:
a) significant design assumptions and suggested work
methods, sequences or other control measures;
b) arrangements for co-ordination of ongoing design work and
handling design changes;
c)
information on significant risks identified during design;
d)
materials requiring particular precautions.
5. The health and safety file:
Description of its format and any conditions relating to its content.
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Competency
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H&S Policy inc. arrangements
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Monitoring, audit & review
Competent advice – corporate & construction related
Training & Information
Individual qualifications & experience
– Contractors, designers & coordinators
Workforce involvement
Accident reporting & investigations
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Competency
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Subcontracting/consulting procedures
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Risk Assessment ie. SSOW (contractors)
Hazard elimination & risk control (designers
only)
C&C with other contractors
Welfare provision
CDM Coordinator duties
Work experience
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Transitional Arrangements
Applies to projects started before 1/4/07
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Client appoints CDM coordinator
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Any client’s agent can continue until revoked
or after 5years
Within 12 months meets competency criteria
If not appointed then takes on duties as
coordinator
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Further detail
•
•
•
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HSE website
Full text of Regulations
Draft ACoP
HSE Guidance – still awaited
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CDM 2007
A NEW OPPORTUNITY
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