Transcript Chapter 26
The Cold War
What was the Cold War?
How did it shape 20th Century America?
49a - describe the creation of the Marshall Plan, U.S. commitment
to Europe, the Berlin Airlift, the Truman Doctrine, and the origins
and implications of the containment policy
49b - explain the impact of the new communist regime in China,
the outbreak of the Korean War, and how these events
contributed to the rise of Senator Joseph McCarthy
49c - describe the Cuban Revolution, the Bay of Pigs, and the
Cuban missile crisis
49d - describe the Vietnam War, the Tonkin Resolution, and the Tet
Offensive
49e - describe the impact of competition with the USSR, as
evidenced by the launch of Sputnik I, and the ensuing space race,
and President Eisenhower's actions (defense spending)
49f - explain the role of geography on the U.S. containment policy,
the Korean War, the Bay of Pigs, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the
Vietnam War
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U.S.S.R.
Japan
Germany
U.S.A.
Britain
France
?
Britain
?
The Cold War and the danger of nuclear war
define international affairs, especially after the
Korean War. Fear of communism in the U.S.
leads to accusations against innocent citizens.
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ry/coldwar/
VS
An economic system based on one-party rule,
government ownership of means of
production, and decision making by
centralized authorities
Secret Police
Purges
An economic system in which there is private
ownership of natural resources and capital
goods
Free enterprise
The United Nations
1945, United Nations established as new
peacekeeping body
UN becomes arena where U.S., U.S.S.R. compete
What is a “cold war?”
What started The Cold War?
Who were the two super powers that
emerged from WWII?
What is the UN?
Harry Truman (#33)
In Office: April 12,
1945 – January 20, 1953
Democrat
FDR’s VP
“The buck stops here.”
Integrated the military
From Missouri
Scholars consider him
one of the greatest
U.S. Presidents
THE U.S. WANTED TO…
Create a new world order in
which all nations had the
right to self-determination
Gain access to raw
materials and markets for
its industries
Rebuild governments and
create new markets
Reunite Germany
THE U.S.S.R. WANTED TO…
Encourage Communism
Rebuild its war-ravaged
country using resources
from Eastern Europe
Control Eastern Europe to
balance U.S. influence in
Western Europe
Keep Germany divided and
weak
Soviets Tighten Their Grip on Eastern Europe
Soviet Union also has great economic, military
strength
Unlike U.S., Soviet Union suffered heavy
devastation on own soil
Installs communist rule in satellite nations,
countries it dominates
1946, Stalin announces war between communism,
capitalism inevitable
United States Establishes a Policy of
U.S. policy of containment—measures to prevent
spread of communism
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What is a Cold War?
Who were the powers involved?
Describe the policy of containment.
What are satellite nations?
What did Churchill mean by “iron curtain?”
U.S. will fight for the freedom of other nations and
people around the world
1947, Sec. of State George Marshall proposes
aid to nations in need
Marshall Plan revives 16 nations; Communist
parties less appealing
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1948, Stalin closes highway, rail routes into West
Berlin
Berlin airlift—Britain, U.S. fly food, supplies into West
Berlin
327 days
277,000 flights
2.3 million tons of supplies
Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany),
German Democratic Republic (East Germany) form
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An attack on one is an attack on all!
CHIANG KAI-SHEK
Nationalists
Ruled in southern and eastern
china
Relied on aid from U.S.
Suffered from economic hardship
Weak leadership and poor morale
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MAO ZEDONG
Communist
Ruled in northern China
Relied on aid from the Soviets
Attracted peasants with
promises of land reform
Experienced Guerillas
North Korea Attacks South Korea
1950, North Korea invades South, begins
Korean War
South Korea calls on UN to stop invasion
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tory/koreanwar/
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What are satellite nations?
What is the Truman Doctrine?
What is the Marshall Plan?
What happens in the Berlin Airlift?
What happens in China?
How does the Korean War start?
How is Korea divided?
War lasts for about 2 years
1953 armistice: Korea still divided;
Lack of success, high human, financial costs
help elect Eisenhower
In Office: January 20,
1953 – January 20, 1961
Supreme Allied
commander in WWII
Republican
From Texas
Interstate system
During the late 1940s and early 1950s, fear
of communism leads to reckless charges
against innocent citizens
American Sentiments
Communist takeover of Eastern Europe, China
fuel fear of its spread
100,000 in U.S. Communist Party; some fear may
be loyal to U.S.S.R
House Un-American Activities Committee
investigates Communist ties
Hollywood blacklist—people with
Communist ties, cannot get work
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1949, Soviets explode atomic bomb sooner than
expected
Physicist Klaus Fuchs admits giving information
about U.S. bomb
Ethel, Julius Rosenberg, minor Communist Party
activists, implicated
Rosenbergs sentenced to death; Supreme Court
upholds conviction
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What are satellite nations?
What is the Truman Doctrine?
What is the Marshall Plan?
What happens in the Berlin Airlift?
What happens in China?
How does the Korean War start?
How is Korea divided?
1954, McCarthy accuses members of U.S.
Army
Televised hearings show him bullying
witnesses
Loses public support; Senate condemns him
for improper conduct
Think (30 seconds)
Pair (1 minute)
Share!
What was the Truman Doctrine?
What is containment?
What was the Marshall Plan?
What happened in China? Why was this
important in the Cod War?
Why was Korea divided?
Where was it divided?
Who was the “witch hunting” senator from WI?
What committee “blacklisted” Hollywood
insiders as communists?
Race for the H-Bomb
H-bomb—hydrogen bomb—nuclear weapon more
powerful than atom bomb
1952, U.S. explodes first H-bomb; 1953, Soviets
explode one
The Policy of Brinkmanship
willingness to risk nuclear war to prevent spread
of communism
Nikita Kruschev
Had same goals as Stalin but favored peaceful
coexistence
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) uses spies
to gather information
Form Warsaw Pact—military alliance with
7 Eastern European countries
October 1957, Soviets launch Sputnik, first
artificial satellite
Shocked Americans pour money into own
space program
A U-2 Is Shot Down
CIA makes secret high-altitude flights with U-2 to
spy on Soviets
U-2 incident renews tension between
superpowers
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Use your own sheet of paper to answer the following questions:
1. What two nations emerged from WWII as the strongest in the
world?
2.What is the name of the peace-keeping force established in 1945
and still around today?
3.What were the nations where the U.S.S.R. established communist
governments?
4.What was the name of the U.S. policy to limit the spread of
communism?
5.What was the name of the plan to rebuild war-devastated Europe?
6.Name of the effort to fly in supplies to an isolated West Berlin?
7.Who became the communist leader of China?
8.What line separated North and South Korea?
9.Who was the Senator that used “witch hunting” techniques to
expose communists in U.S.?
10.What was the name of the first satellite launched into space?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
U.S. and Soviet Union
U.N. or United Nations
Satellite
Containment
Marshall Plan
Berlin Airlift
Mao Zedong
38th parallel
Joseph McCarthy
Sputnik