Transcript Questions - Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation

National conference
on
Affordable
Housing for All
June 2, 2007
Mumbai, India
Construction as a Sector
•
Construction Sector accounts for 5% of the GDP
•
Gross Annual business Volume : Rs.230,000 crores
•
Growth Rate : 6-8% in recent years
•
Construction is the second largest employer after agriculture
•
Employs about 18 million persons directly and 14 million
indirectly
•
Doubled its share in total employment from 2.8% in 1983 to 5.4%
in 2003-04
•
Recorded highest growth rate in employment in the last two
decades
Source: Sectoral Growth Report for 11th Plan, CII
Heading towards better employment
opportunities & poverty alleviation ?
Projected Incremental Employment
in the Construction Sector (%)
Year
2006 – 07
2007 – 08
2008 - 09
2009 - 10
2010 - 11
2011 - 12
2012 - 13
2013 - 14
% age
8
9
10
10
9
8
8
6
Source : Construction Federation of India
Can we develop
skilled &
certified
construction
workforce ?
24.71
10.56
6.93
7.18
7.36
7.57
8.23
Source: National Buildings Organization
Programmes & policies
to bridge the gap ?
Source: Registrar General of India
Are our cities and towns
equipped to handle this growth ?
23.43
20.07
19.86
19.44
17.24
15.20
12.82
12.65
11.65
9.70
6.19
7.25
7.89
4.66
1.95
Source: Registrar General of India
How to provide
affordable houses ?
Growth of Slums
Source: Annual Report 2006-07, MoHUPA
Holistic slum development
- Challenge ahead ?
Demand for Key Building Materials
Materials
2001-06
2006-11
Residential
Residential
Urban
Cement (ton)
Steel (ton)
Timber (cu.m.)
Bricks (000’ nos)
Rural
Urban
Rural
124.26
49.01
195.89
77.26
13.64
5.22
21.80
8.23
8.40
5.87
13.24
9.26
318.29
281.60
501.76
443.92
Source: BMTPC
How we can
meet the Demand ?
Demand and Supply of Wood
(in million cu.m.)
Year
2000
Demand
58
Supply
29
Gap
29
% of demand gap 50
2010
95
70.55
24.45
25.7
2020
153
100.7
52.3
34
Source : Ministry of Environment & Forests, Personnel Management Report
Are we really into
saving of natural wood
Approximate Break-up of total Construction Cost
for different elements of building
Flooring
6%
Woodwork-doors &
wind.
15%
Roofing
20%
Internal finishes
6%
External finishes
3%
Water supply
4%
Sanitary work
8%
Superstructurebrickwork
25%
Electrification
5%
Foundation
3%
Brickwork upto Plinth
5%
How to bring cost effectiveness?
Approximate Break-up of total Construction Cost
in Materials and Labour
Cement
18%
Iron & Steel
10%
Labour
27%
Bricks
17%
Aggregate
8%
Sand
7%
Timber
13%
How to substitute energy intensive materials?
How to economise on material costs?
Estimated Cost Saving on using Innovative / Cost Effective
Building Materials/Technologies
Cost-Effective Technologies
In place of Conventional
options
% of
Saving
I. FOUNDATIONS
1.
Pile foundation (under reamed)
Traditional stone/bricks
15
2.
Brick Arch foundations
Footings
25
II. WALLING (SUPER STRUCTURE)
3.
Stabilised mud blocks
Burnt brick walls
20
4.
FaL-G Block masonry
Clay brick walls
20
5.
Fly ash brick walls
Clay brick walls
25
6.
Rat trap bond walls
English/Flemish bond
25
7.
Hollow blocks walls
Solid masonry
20
Estimated Cost Saving on using Innovative / Cost Effective
Building Materials/Technologies …contd.
Cost-Effective Technologies
In place of Conventional
options
% of
Saving
III. ROOFING
8.
Brick panel with joists
RCC
20-25
9.
L-panel sloping roofing
RCC
10
10.
RCC planks over RCC joists
RCC
10
11.
Ferrocement shell roofing
RCC
40
12.
Filler slab roofing
RCC
22
13.
RCC channel units
RCC
12
14.
Micro-concrete roofing tiles
Clay tile roofing
AC sheet roofing
20
15
Estimated Cost Saving on using Innovative / Cost Effective
Building Materials/Technologies …contd.
Cost-Effective Technologies
In place of Conventional
options
% of
Saving
IV. MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS
15.
RCC door frames
Timber Frames
30
16.
Ferrocement door shutters
Timber shutters (second
class timber)
30
17.
RCC jallies
Timber
windows/ventilators
50
18.
Precast thin lintels
RCC lintels
25
19.
Precast sunshades
Cast sunshades
30
Source: Building Materials in India: 50 Years—A Commemorative Volume, BMTPC, 1998.
Comparative
Energy
Requirements
of Building
Materials
Do
we
have
energy
efficient
alternatives?
Material
Very high energy:
Aluminium
Plastics
Copper
Stainless steel
High energy:
Steel
Lead, Zinc
Glass
Cement
Plaster board
Medium energy:
Lime
Clay bricks and tiles
Concrete
In Situ
Blocks
Precast
Sand-lime brick
Timber (sawn)
Low energy:
Sand, aggregate
Fly ash, volcanic ash
Soil
Adobe
Primary energy requirements of
Building Materials (MJ/kg)
200-250
50-100
100+
100
20-60
25+
12-25
5-8
8-10
3-5
2-7
0.8-1.5
0.8-3.5
1.5-8
0.8-1.2
0.1-5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.2
Energy Intensity of Building Materials
35000
32178
30000
Energy Content (MJ)
25000
20000
15000
10000
6220
6770
4400
5000
240
1290
660
700
0
Coarse
Aggregates/t
Bricks/t
Lime/t
Cement/t
Steel/t
Concrete
Hollow
Blocks /t
Concrete
Bricks /'000
Blocks /t
How do we substitute these materials?
Energy Savings in the Manufacture of Building Materials
through Use of Industrial Wastes
Building material Composition
Material compared
Energy
savings
(%)
Portland
75% Ordinary Portland
pozzolana cement cement
100% Ordinary Portland
cement
20
Portland blast
furnace slag
cement
60% Ordinary Portland
cement
40% Blast furnace slag
100% Ordinary Portland
cement
30
Masonry cement
50% Ordinary Portland
cement
50% Tailings/waste chalk
100% Masonry cement
(50% Ordinary Portland
cement + 50%
limestone)
20
Lime-pozzolana
mixture
25% Acetylene gas lime
75% Fly ash
25% Lime
75% Calcined brick
75
Calcium silicate
brick
90% Fly ash tailings
10% lime (waste source)
Burnt clay brick
40
Burnt brick
75% Clay
25% Fly ash
Burnt clay brick
15
Source: Building Materials in India: 50 Years—A Commemorative Volume, BMTPC, 1998.
Resource and Energy Saving through Use of Natural
Fibres and Agro-Wastes in Building Materials
Waste and
source
Commercial product
using natural fibre
& agro-waste
Traditional resource
fully or partly saved
Energy
%
1. Coir fibre
(coir industry)
Coir fibre-cement
roofing sheet & panels
Asbestos
10
2. Rice husk
(Rice mill)
Rick-husk- cement
building board
Resin (PF or UF)
bonded particle
board timber
20
3. Ground nut
Ground nut- hullhulls (Oil mills) cement building board
Resin-bonded
particle board timber
20
4. Jute fibre
(Jute mills)
Jute-fibre-polymer
bonded panel;
door and window
Timber, metal
10
5. Cotton waste
(Textile mills)
Cotton-lint-cement
bonded board
Gypsum, timber
25
Resource and Energy Saving through Use of Natural
Fibres and Agro-Wastes in Building Materials
S. Waste and
N. source
Commercial product
using natural fibre
& agro-waste
Traditional resource
fully or partly saved
Energy
%
6. Bagasse
(Sugar mills)
Bagasse-polymerbonded boards
Timber fibres
(in insulation board)
30
7.Corn cobs
(Corn mill)
Corn cobs-cement
bonded boards
Timber, polymer
40
8.Sisal fibre
(Sisal plant)
Sisal fibre-polymer/
Asbestos fibre,
cement bonded
Timber
roofing sheet, door, window
20-15
9.Rice straw
&Wheat straw
(Farms)
Compressed and
paper covered
board
40
10 Banana fibre Banana fibre +
(Banana plant) cotton pulp/paper
pulp and polymer
insulation boards
Timber, Polymer
Timber, Traditional
25
Timber, Traditional
light weight mineral
viz. vermiculite or mica
Walling
Environment-friendly, Energy-efficient Technologies
Fly Ash Hollow Blocks
Interlocking Fly Ash Blocks
Fly Ash Bricks
Different Walling Options
Are we ready to use?
Roofing
Environment-friendly, Energy-efficient Technologies
RCC Planks & Joists
Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles
Ferrocement Roofing Channels
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
Are we ready to use?
Others
Environment-friendly, Energy-efficient Technologies
Ferrocement Beams
Concrete door/window Frames
Concrete Pavers
Are we ready to use?
Environment-friendly, Energy-efficient Technologies
Wood substitute Doors
Jute Polymer
sections
Rubberwood
sections
Building Materials from Agro-wastes
Building Materials from Industrial wastes
Are we ready to use?
Environment-friendly, Energy-efficient Technologies
Bamboo based Doors
Bamboo Mat Roofing
Sheet
Are we ready to use?
Coir Polymer Doors
Houses using Cost effective Technologies
How to reach the masses?
Houses using Cost effective Technologies
How to reach the masses?
“Affordable Housing
for All”
through innovative
technologies
Thank you