Transcript Bacteria - Tecumseh Local Schools

Opening Activity:
• What is one way bacteria influences our
life?
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Food poisoning
Bacterial Infection
Acne
Cavities
Body Odor
Antibiotics
Break down food in our digestive system
Intro To Bacteria
Basic Bacteria Facts:
• Microscopic/unicellular
• Prokaryotic
• Most numerous and ancient organisms on Earth.
Classification of Bacteria: Kingdom
Archaebacteria:
a) More ancient than eubacteria
b) Peptidoglycan absent in cell walls
c) First discovered in extreme environments
Major Bacteria Phyla: Archaebacteria
a) Methanogens live only
in anaerobic conditions
like swamps and sewage.
b) Halophiles salt-loving
c) Thermoacidophiles
live in acidic and high
temp. environments like
hot springs and volcanic
vents.
Classifications of Bacteria:
Kingdom Eubacteria:
a) Germs; account for most bacteria
b) Can be divided into 12 phyla
c) Cell walls contain peptidoglycan
Shapes of Eubacteria:
1. bacilli rod-shaped
2. cocci sphere-shaped
*streptococcichain
*staphylococcigrape-like clusters
3. Spirilla spiral-shaped
cocci
spirilla
bacillia
Eubacteria shapes cont.
streptococcichain
staphylococcigrape-like clusters
Major Bacteria Phyla: Eubacteria
a) Cyanobacteria
(ex. blue-green algae)
b) Spirochetes (ex. T.
pallidum; causes syphilis)
c) Gram-positive bacteria
(ex. Bacteria that cause
strep; change milk to
yogurt; produce antibiotics)
d) Proteobacteria
(ex. E. coli; nitrogen-fixing
bacteria)
Gram Stain:
a)
Laboratory technique used to group Eubacteria into two categories.
b)
Gram-positive eubacteria appear purple because of thicker layer of
peptidoglycan.
a)
Gram-negative eubacteria appear pink because of thinner layer of
peptidoglycan.
Is this gram stain positive or negative?
Identify the bacteria.
Is this gram stain positive or negative?
Identify the bacteria.
Bacteria and Disease:
A.
Pathology: scientific study of disease
B.
Pathogens: bacteria that cause disease
C. Famous Bacterial Diseases:
Type of Disease
Botulism
Cholera
Tooth Decay
Gonorrhea
Lyme Disease
Rocky Mountain
Spotted Fever
Salmonella
Strep throat
Tetanus
Tuberculosis
Areas Affected
nerves
intestines
teeth
Urethra/ fal.tubes
Skin, joints, heart
Blood, skin
Mode of Transmission
intestines
Respiratory tract
nerves
Lungs, bones, etc
Contaminated food
Sneezing/coughing
Contaminated wounds
coughing
Improper preserved foods
Contaminated water
Bacteria in mouth
Sexual contact
Tick bite
Tick bite
Famous Bacteria Diseases
Lyme Disease
Tetanus
Famous Bacteria Diseases
Botulism
Tooth Decay
Famous Bacteria Diseases
Gonorhea
Tuberculosis
Famous Bacteria Diseases
Rocky Mountain Spotted
Fever
Cholera
D. Ways Bacteria Cause Disease:
1. Produce exotoxins (toxins made of protein and
produced by Gram-positive bacteria).
2. Produce endotoxins (toxins made of
carbohydrates and lipids and produced by
Gram-negative bacteria; released when
bacteria die).
3. Destroy body tissues by secreting digestive
enzymes.
Opening Activity:
• What is the name for spiral shaped bacteria?
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Cocci
Bacilli
Sprilla
Sphere shaped bacteria
Antibiotics:
A. Drugs that combat bacteria by interfering
with cellular functions.
B. Because humans overuse antibiotics,
bacteria have built a resistance to those
antibiotics. This is done through bacteria
reproduction AND genetic recombination.
Common Antibiotics
Antibiotic
Penicillin
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits cell-wall
synthesis
Ampicillin
Same as above
Bacitracin
Same as above
Cephalosporin Same as above
Tetracycline Inhibits protein
synthesis
Streptomycin Same as above
Sulfa Drug
Inhibits cell metabolism
Rifampin
Inhibits RNA synthesis
Quinolines
Inhibits DNA synthesis
Target Bacteria
Gram-Positive
Broad spectrum
G.P.
G. P.
Broad Spectrum
G.N.
meningitis
G.P. AND G.N.
Urinary tract
Useful Bacteria:
A. Bacteria are used in…
1) Sewage treatment
2) Producing and processing foods
3) Industrial chemical production
Opening Activity
Toxins that are produced by gram negative
bacteria and are released when the bacteria
die are known as…
A. Exotoxins
B. Endotoxins
Common Structures/Functions of Bacteria:
Structure
Cell Wall
Outer Membrane
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Chromosome
Plasmid
Capsule and slime
layer
Endospore
Pili
Flagellum
Function
Protects cell; gives it shape
Only in G.N.; protects against antibiotics
Important in cell respiration
Contains DNA/ribosomes
Carries genetic info.; single loop of DNA
Carries extra genes from genetic recom.
Protects cell; helps attach to other
surfaces (glycocalyx)
Only in G.P.; survival in harsh conditions
Helps attach to other surfaces
Cell movement
Feeding in Bacteria:
Type:
Feeding Mechanism:
Heterotrophs
(Consumer)
Living organisms
Saprophytes
(Decomposers)
Dead and decaying organisms
Photoautotrophs
(Producer)
Photosynthesis
Chemoautotrophs Chemosynthesis
(Producer)
Bacteria in the Environment:
Type
Environment
Obligate Anaerobes
CANNOT live with oxygen
Facultative Anaerobes
Can live WITH or
WITHOUT oxygen
Obligate Aerobes
CANNOT live without
oxygen
“Thermophilic”
Grow best in HIGH
temperatures
Reproduction in Bacteria:
A. Use ASEXUAL reproduction by binary fission.
B. NO true sexual reproduction in bacteria
C. Use a nonreproductive method called genetic
recombination to mix genetic material, obtain
NEW DNA, and make newer/adapted offspring.