Transcript No Slide Title

Implementing Biological Control of Mite in
Hudson Valley Apple Orchards.
Biological Control
Workshop
J.Ogrodnick
Cornell’s Hudson Valley Lab
• Hudson Valley mite complex & T. pyri biology
• Implementation and management of T. pyri in HV grower sites
• 3 Year project overview
• Relative toxicity of pesticides to T. pyri
• Review the mite complex on Hudson Valley apple.
Three primary mite species which feed on the foliage of apple
& 1 one predatory mite indigenous to Hudson Valley orchards.
• European Red Mite
Panonychus ulmi Garman
• Review the mite complex on Hudson Valley apple.
• European Red Mite
Panonychus ulmi Garman
• Two Spotted Spider Mite
Tetranychus urticae Koch
• Review the mite complex on Hudson Valley apple.
• European Red Mite
Panonychus ulmi Garman
• Two Spotted Spider Mite
Tetranychus urticae Koch
• Apple Rust Mite
Aculus schlechtendali Nalepa
• Review the mite complex on Hudson Valley apple.
• European Red Mite
Panonychus ulmi Garman
• Two Spotted Spider Mite
Tetranychus urticae Koch
• Apple Rust Mite
Aculus schlechtendali Nalepa
• Amblyseius fallacis
Amblyseius fallacis
• Review the mite complex on Hudson Valley apple.
Four secondary mite species feeding on the foliage of apple:
• Brown mite
Bryobia rubrioculus Scheuten
• Four Spotted Spider Mite
Tetranychus canadensis McGregor
• McDaniel spider mite
Tetranychus mcdanieli McGregor
• Eotetranychus mite
Eotetranychus uncatus Garman
European Red Mite
Panonychus ulmi Garman
• ERM over-winters as and egg, hatching by tight cluster. It
can develop and sustain high populations. Resistant to many
pesticides, some of which flare mite populations.
• Bronzing caused by prolonged leaf feeding reduces
photosynthesis and production of carbohydrates. Reducing
fruit size, color, return bloom and set.
Two Spotted Spider Mite
Tetranychus urticae Koch
• Over-wintering on bark scales or ground cover as bright
orange gravid females.
• Can occur early in the season during a dry spring. Most
often build mid season and displace ERM
Apple Rust Mite
Aculus schlechtendali Nalepa
• Feeding injury to foliage from
ARM begins as:
• Yellowing and browning with
longitudinal upward rolling of
the leaf edges.
• Extensive feeding caused by
>500 ARM/lf. causing ‘whiteblotch’ on upper surfaces.
• Occur on ‘hairy’ or pubescent
varieties such as Mcintosh.
Amblyseius fallacis
Over-winter as adults primarily in ground cover. Over-wintering
mortality typically low.
Move into the trees well after ERM have become established.
Feed on phytophagous mite. Move off of the trees when ERM
populations are low.
Why use T.pyri to manage mite
populations.
New tool for an old job!
Typhlodromus Pryi.
Is the tree when you need it most…before the damage occurs.
Overwinter as mated females in trees & emerge at bud break.
Biology of Typhlodromus Pryi.
Overwinter as mated females in trees & emerge at bud break.
Feeds on early rust mite population until TC.
Feeds on ERM populations as they hatch through bloom.
Biology of Typhlodromus Pryi.
Overwinter as mated females in trees & emerge at bud break.
Feed on early rust mite population until TC.
Feed on ERM populations as they hatch through bloom.
Will also feed on pollen during bloom.
Biology of Typhlodromus Pryi.
Will continue to feed on rust mite, ERM and TSSM throughout the
season.
Biology of Typhlodromus Pryi.
It requires 2-3 years for T. pyri populations to become established.
Populations of T. pyri at or above 1 per leaf will maintain
ERM populations below economic threshold & provide sustainable
mite management.
Conservation of T. pyri populations
is the key to successful mite control.
What do we need from you to
begin?
1. Map to your orchard block.
2. Name & phone number on map.
3. Farm code on map.
Implementation and management of T. pyri
Year 1
• Choose trees of uniform size and canopy. Use susceptible
varieties such as Red Delicious. Flag release and control trees.
• Introduce T. pyri
• Monitor mite populations
• Make data available on our web site.
Year 2 & 3
• Monitor mite populations, make data available.
• Transfer mites to larger areas in block.
Typical T.pyri released block (+/- 1 acre)
• Burlap wrap containing T.pyri from seed orchard, will be placed in
‘release trees’ .
Control trees
Release trees
Burlap wrap contain hundreds of T.pyri mite allowing
for high rate of establishment.
Orchard blocks will be monitored by collecting and evaluating
leaves in release and control trees.
ARM
T. pyri
A. fall
TSSM & TSSME
ERM
ERME
Keying out
Amblyseius fallacis & Typhlodromus Pryi.
Orchard blocks will be monitored by collecting and evaluating
leaves in release and control trees.
• In 15 release orchards, samples will be taken on a two week
basis.
• In remaining orchards, samples will be taken at the beginning
and end of each season.
Orchard blocks will be monitored by collecting and evaluating
leaves in release and control trees.
• In 15 release orchards, samples will be taken on a two week
basis.
• In remaining orchards, samples will be taken at the beginning
and end of each season.
• All data will be made available to the growers by way of the
internet web site
Hudson Valley Grower Blocks & Mite Data
Implementing Biological Control in Hudson Valley Orchards Using the
Predatory Mite Typhlodromus pyri.
The entomology department at the Hudson Valley lab is beginning a predator release program to help fruit growers in the
Hudson Valley control mite pests on apple.An informational meeting will be held on April 5th 7:00-7:45 PMCornell
University Hudson Valley Laboratory. All those interested should fill out the Sign-up sheet. See you there!
Sign-up & Survey
Hudson Valley Grower Blocks & Mite Data
Overview of the 2001 Hudson Valley Program Mite Biology
Biological control of European Red Mite through distribution and augmentation of Typhlodromus pyri
(slide show).
To contact Cornell's Hudson Valley Lab Webologist
Farm data table (farm code)
Date
Block
Release
Control
Release
Control
Release
Control
T.pyri
A. fal
ERM
ERME
TSSM
TSSME
ARM
HVL-1 (Hudson Valley Lab)
Numbers represented on a per leaf sample basis
Pre-release sample count
Date
Block
T.pyri
A. fal
5/24
Release
5/24
Control
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
6/07
6/07
Release
Control
0.5
0.0
6/21
Release
6/21
Control
ERM
ERME
TSSM
TSSME
ARM
1.5
1.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
1.5
1.4
55.0
32.0
0.1
0.1
2.8
3.8
0.8
0.7
0.3
0.8
2.7
2.8
57.5
131.0
0.7
0.2
3.2
1.5
1.2
2.3
45.0
0.0
0.2
4.2
8.8
2.5
8.5
221.0
Montgomery Place Orchard, Annandale-on-the-Hudson, NY 1996-99
……… ERM
_______ T.pyri (phytoseiid)
Montgomery Place Orchard, Annandale-on-the-Hudson, NY 1996-99
……… ERM
_______ T.pyri (phytoseiid)
How are the release blocks to
be managed?
Tools for the job
What to use ?
What not to use ?
Relative toxicity of pesticides to T. pyri
• Insecticides
• Pyrethroids
• Carbamates
• Organophosphates (OP’s)
• Fungicides
• Contact carbamates
•Miticides
•Oils
• Pre-bloom - OK
Commercial Management Tools: Predator Toxicity
Insecticides
Material
Toxicity to T. pyri
Pyrethroids
Asana XL (esfenvalerate)
Ambush & Pounce (permethrin)
Highly Toxic
Highly Toxic
Commercial Management Tools: Predator Toxicity
Insecticides
Material
Toxicity to T. pyri
Pyrethroids
Asana XL (esfenvalerate)
Ambush & Pounce (permethrin)
Carbamates
Highly Toxic
Highly Toxic
Vydate 2L (oxamyl)
Highly Toxic
Lannate (methomyl)
Highly Toxic
Carzol (formethanate hydrochloride)
Highly Toxic
Commercial Management Tools: Predator Toxicity
Insecticides
Material
Toxicity to T. pyri
Pyrethroids
Asana XL (esfenvalerate)
Ambush & Pounce (permethrin)
Carbamates
Highly Toxic
Highly Toxic
Vydate 2L (oxamyl)
Highly Toxic
Lannate (methomyl)
Highly Toxic
Carzol (formethanate hydrochloride)
Highly Toxic
Organophosphates
Cygon (dimethoate)
Highly Toxic
Commercial Management Tools: Predator Toxicity
Miticides
Material
Toxicity to T. pyri
Carzol 92SP
Very Toxic
Vydate 2L
Very Toxic
AgriMek 0.15 EC*
Toxic on contact / low
toxic residual
Commercial Management Tools: Predator Toxicity
Fungicides
Material
Toxicity to T. pyri
EBDC’s (Dithiocarbamate)
Dithane, Manzates (Mancozeb)
Polyram (Metiram)
Medium (pre-bloom), high
toxicity (post-bloom)
Commercial Management Tools: Predator Toxicity
Fungicides
Material
Toxicity to T. pyri
EBDC’s (Dithiocarbamate)
Dithane, Manzates (Mancozeb)
Polyram (Metiram)
Medium (pre-bloom), high
toxicity (post-bloom)
Ziram
Ferbam
Thiocarbamate
Thiram
Medium (pre-bloom), high
toxicity (post-bloom)
Commercial Management Tools: Predator Toxicity
Miticides
Material
Toxicity to T. pyri
Apollo 4SC
Non-toxic
Savey 50WP
Non-toxic
Vendex 50WP
Low to Non-toxic
Sunspray 6E D. Oil
Low to medium toxicity
Sunspray UF Oil
Low to medium toxicity
Pyramite 60W
Low to medium toxicity
Kelthane 50WSP
Medium toxicity
The right tools for the job.
‘Open the Packet’
Dr. D. Rosenberger
fungicide recommendations
Dr. Jan Nyrop
Insecticide recommendations
Implementing Biological Control of Mite in
Hudson Valley Apple Orchards.
Biological Control
Workshop
J.Ogrodnick
Cornell’s Hudson Valley Lab