Transcript WG73: A Status Report - European Aviation Safety Agency

The European Organisation for Civil Aviation Equipment
L’Organisation Européenne pour l’Equipement de l’Aviation Civile
Unmanned Aircraft Systems
EUROCAE Activities
Daniel Hawkes Chairman WG-73
Gérard Mardiné Operations Sub-Group
Michael Allouche Airworthiness Sub-Group
This presentation provides a report on the work of
EUROCAE WG-73.
EUROCAE WG-73 meeting #3, January 2007 at Palm Coast, Florida
in cooperation with FAA, NATO and RTCA SC-203
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The EUROCAE Organisation
 Established in 1963 as a European technical forum for
administrations, airlines and industry.
 Prepares minimum performance specifications for
airborne electronic equipment as a basis for EASA
Technical Standard Orders (ETSO).
 Activities now extended to include complex CNS/ATM
systems including their ground segment.
 EUROCAE is:
 recognised by the European Commission as the
unique body competent for the standardisation and
interoperability required for the Single European Sky
concept; and
 acknowledged by ICAO which references its
documents.
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EUROCAE Working Group 73
 EUROCAE WG-73 was launched in April 2006 following
earlier work by EUROCONTROL, NATO, and JAA.
 As the European UAS expert group, WG-73 will work with
EASA in the development of airworthiness criteria and
Special Conditions to supplement EASA A-NPA-16 Policy
for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Certification.
 WG-73 cooperates with other bodies dealing with UAS.
European Aviation Safety Agency
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WG-73 Membership
130+ members
Regulators
Constructors
Education
Institutions
Avionics
Military
ATM
Research
Consultancy
EUROCONTROL provides the Chairman together with
experts from its ATM, safety, security, human factors,
military, legal, communications, radio spectrum,
navigation, and research & development domains
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WG-73 Task Leaders
Chairman -
Daniel Hawkes
Secretary -
Dewar Donnithorne-Tait
Vice Chairman -
Gérard Mardiné (Industry)
Vice Chairman -
Doug Davis (FAA)
Terminology RTCA SC-203 Focal Point EUROCONTROL – ICAO Focal Point -
Gilbert Amato
Ken Geiselhart
Holger Matthiesen
Subgroup #1:
Subgroup #2:
Subgroup #3:
UAS
Operations
&
Sense and
Avoid
Airworthiness
&
Continued
Airworthiness
Command and
Control,
Communications
and Spectrum,
& Security
Gérard Mardiné
Michael
Allouche
Norbert Tränapp
EASA Workshop: Paris, February 2008
Subgroup
#4:
Small UAS
Focus Group
< 150kg
Joseph
Barnard
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The Objectives
 A requirements framework that will support civilian
UAS airworthiness certification and operational
approvals.
 Safe operation within non-segregated airspace in a
manner compatible with other airspace users.
 Compatibility with the existing ATM regulatory
framework, existing ATM infrastructures, existing
procedures, and without degrading ATM efficiency.
Six deliverables with a total of 31 work packages
have been defined to address the objectives.
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0
WG73 General
1
Operations
0.1 Terminology
1.1 Classes of UAS
Operations
0.2 Deliverable 2
Work Plan
0.3 Integration
of Deliverable 3
Concept
1.2 UAS Operations
Risk assessment
1.3 Identify
separation provision
requirements
2
Airworthiness
2.1 UAS Overall Safety
Objective & Airworthiness
Categories
2.3 EASA Certification
Specification Tailoring
Guidelines
2.4 UAS Safety Objectives
and criteria (“1309”)
0.4 Integration
of Deliverable 4
CC & C Systems
0.5 Integration
of Deliverable 5
Sense & Avoid
0.6 Integration
of Deliverable 6
ATM Issues
0.7 Small UAS <
150kg
January 2008
1.4 Identify
avoidance of mid-air
collisions related
requirements
1.5 Identify other
required functions &
related requirements
1.6 Propose
Complementary
Regulations &
Standards based on
Gap Analysis
2.5 Sense & Avoid
Airworthiness Aspects
2.6 Command & Control
Airworthiness Aspects
2.7 Emergency Recovery
2.8 Continued
Airworthiness, Maintenance
2.9 Security Features
2.10 Control Station & HMI
1.7 Management
Synthesis
2.11 Launch & Recovery
1.8 UAS ATM Issues
2.12 Automatic Take off &
Landing
3
Command, Control,
Communications,
Spectrum & Security
(C3SS)
3.1 Data Aspects of
Command & Control
3.2
UAS Radio
Spectrum
Requirements
3.3
UAS Physical
Security
3.4 UAS ATM Issues
3.5 UAS Data Link
Security
Work Packages
Deliverables requested from WG-73
 Deliverable 1. UAS related elements regarding the
Operational Concept.
 A preliminary inventory of airworthiness certification
and operational approval items to be addressed.
Completed January 2007
 Deliverable 2. Work Plan.
 Identifies work packages and timescales to guide
the future activities of WG-73.
Issued May 2007
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Deliverables (2)
 Deliverable 3. A Concept for UAS
Airworthiness Certification and
Operational Approval in the Context
of Non-segregated Airspace.
Volume 1
General
Radio Spectrum
Communications
Security
Volume 2
 A document in four volumes intended
to assist development of
recommendations and a requirements
framework for civilian UAS.
In production
Preliminary Draft: 1st quarter 2008
Issue 1: 4th quarter of 2008.
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Operations
Sense & Avoid
Volume 3
Airworthiness
Command & Control
Volume 4
Small UAS < 150kg
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Deliverables (3)
 Deliverable 4. UAS Communication, Command &
Control Systems.
 Requirements for communication, command & control
systems including autonomous operation.
Initial studies started.
 Deliverable 5. UAS Sense and Avoid Systems.
 Functional requirements for sense and avoid systems.
Now discussing with RTCA.
 Deliverable 6. ATM Compatibility Issues.
 Aspects of UAS normal and abnormal operations
requiring special ATM consideration.
 Potential solutions to assist ATM compatibility
development.
Ongoing activity.
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UAS Operations
Gérard Mardiné
WG-73 Sub-Group #1
UAS Operations
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Operational Approval
 Several different types of UAS operation can be
expected for which related conditions for operating
approval can be published.
 The group is considering definitions for up to six
classes of operation:
 Each related to ATM (airspace classification, flight rules, rules
of the air) and UAS modes of operation; and
 To offer adapted operating approval standards.
 Scope will address all operational aspects, including:
 Flight in non-segregated airspace, UAS crew qualification
and training, UAS operator’s organisation.
 Where required, UAS operating certificates can be
granted to operators that demonstrate ability to
comply with the operating conditions.
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Operational Fundamentals
 Safety of UAS Operations, including safety of the other
airspace users, is considered paramount:
 A safety approach is being progressively defined.
 Safety objectives must be proposed for safety critical
functions.
 The present manned aviation system, including ATM, is
considered as the frame for UAS introduction:
 recognising that adaptations may be needed and
justified; and
 that ongoing developments have to be monitored
(e.g. SES / SESAR).
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Operational Fundamentals (2)
 A phased development of the standards is promoted
consistent with the expected phased introduction of nonsegregated UAS operations;
 In order not to restrict or delay initial UAS operational
capability because of some complex issues, for
example;
 Standards for UAS flight in non-segregated airspace
are expected before those for UAS non-segregated
aerodrome operations.
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Sense and Avoid
 The issue is how to define the functional perimeter of a
UAS physical system equivalent to the manned aircraft
‘see & avoid’ principle and its rules for the purposes of
traffic separation and mid-air collision avoidance.
 Recognising that different notions are involved (principles,
rules, functions, physical systems), the initial intent is to
remain as far as possible at the functional level and to
issue functional requirements or recommendations.
 Compatibility with a safety approach.
 Independence from technological solutions.
 A reliable solution could also benefit manned aviation.
 WG-73 is discussing with RTCA SC-203 how the required
functionality, safety, performance, and interoperability
requirements could be developed jointly with the objective
of achieving a common technical standard.
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UAS Airworthiness
Michael Allouche
WG-73 Sub-Group #2
UAS Airworthiness
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Airworthiness Certification
 Many types of UAS could be available with a large
variation in weight, size, performance, and means of
control, and kinds of operation.
 UAS Type Certification categories and appropriate
safety objectives need to be defined with related
certification requirements.
 Generic Special Conditions & Interpretive materials to
be proposed for specific issues: e.g. UAS Safety
Assessment, Sense and Avoid, Command and
Control, Control Station, Automatic Take-off &
Landing.
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Airworthiness Certification / Work Plan Approach
EASA A-NPA 16/2005
UAS Type Certification Basis Definition :
(1) Select & Tailor Manned CS
(2) System Safety Objectives & Criteria
(3) Special Conditions (Control Station, C3 etc…)
Eurocae WG-73 SG2 Work Packages
Generic Airworthiness Criteria & Recommendations
Relating to (1) & (2) & (3)
INPUTS / INTERFACES / COORDINATION:
SG1 & SG3 & SG4
JAA-EUROCONTROL TF report / EASA A-NPA 16/2005 / CRD
FAA Policies
USAR/STANAG 4671
RTCA SC 203 DO-304 & WG1
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EASA CRD Topics
WG73 Support
specifically
requested
Related SG2
Work
Package
Role of EASA and development of a comprehensive
framework for UAV regulations
2.3
UAV below 150 Kg
See SG4
UAV or UAS?
Coordination with military working group on UAV &
USAR
2.1, 2.3, 2.4
& others
Conventional versus safety target approach for
certification
2.1,2.3
Total system approach as proposed by Sweden
The two alternatives for selecting the manned CS.
+
2.1
Sense and Avoid
+
2.5
UAV system safety analysis
+
2.1, 2.4
Security
See SG3
Need for DOA
Certificate of airworthiness and control stations
2.10
Environment
Additional Special Conditions (C3, Control Station,
Autonomy, Emergency)
+
2.10, 2.6,
2.7
Communications & Security
Daniel Hawkes
Chairman WG-73
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Command and Control
 There can be a trade-off between the capacity of the flight
control data link and the autonomous capability of the UA.
 Security of the Command and Control link is considered
mandatory (equivalent to locked cockpit door).
 Means of communication and phraseology will need to be
compatible with the applicable ATC environment.
 Issues include:
 The degree of autonomy of the UA;
 Compatibility with the evolving ATM;
 The capacity, integrity, redundancy and security of flight control
data links;
 Control station: human-machine interface, security measures;
 Data synchronisation at control station handover; (normal and
abnormal conditions);
 Support tools for mission planning; and
 Personnel training and qualification.
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Radio Spectrum
 An ITU allocation of radio spectrum is needed for a
secure Command and Control link that will support safe
civilian UAS operation in non-segregated airspace.
 WG-73 is supporting EUROCONTROL, ICAO, FAA and
RTCA in a team effort to develop a technical case to bid
for UAS spectrum allocation at the 2011 World Radio
Conference.
 For this purpose, information is being obtained about
UAS communication characteristics that involve
command, control, UA flight and system monitoring, and
relay of air traffic communications.
 The operational robustness of dedicated security
measures for the link, and the impact on required
frequency bandwidth, are under investigation to provide
a consolidated input at WRC 2011.
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World Radio Conference 2007
 Resolution 421, adopted at ITU WRC 2007, states:
 Necessary studies leading to technical, regulatory,
and operational recommendations to the Conference,
enabling that Conference to decide on appropriate
allocations for the operation of UAS need to be
conducted in time for WRC 2011.
 And for the preliminary agenda for WRC-2015:
 to consider spectrum requirements and possible
allocations in the radio determination service to
support the operation of UAS in non-segregated
airspace.
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Security
 WG-73 is addressing UAS security in three work
packages:
 Airworthiness of Security Features;
 Physical Security;
 Communications Security and Electronic Security.
 Cooperation has been established with WG-72
Aeronautical Systems Security.
 WG-73 is applying the WG-72 security management
methodology to ensure consistency between the two
groups.
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Security (2)
 Wherever appropriate, existing security standards for
manned aircraft are being adopted. The WG-73 security
work is focused on those aspects particular to UAS.
 National strategies for security of UA less than 150kg
and for model aircraft are being reviewed also to provide
additional context to the WG-73 work.
 The intent is to propose policy, guidance, and
requirements, as appropriate, to ensure an adequate
level of security so that unmanned aircraft might be
safely operated only by authorised personnel with a
minimal risk of accidental or deliberate intrusion and
disturbance.
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Next meeting:
 WG-73 Meeting #6.
 February 12th – 14th 2008 in Brussels.
 Main agenda items:
• EASA A-NPA 16/2005 / CRD
• Progress Deliverable 3: Concept
Document.
Thank you for your attention
The European Organisation for
Civil Aviation Equipment
102, rue Etienne Dolet, 92240-Malakoff, France
Tel.: +33 1 40 92 79 30 www.EUROCAE.eu
280108
The information in this presentation references draft
material for use by EUROCAE WG-73 and should not
be regarded as statements of EUROCAE policy
unless approved by the Council.
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