Characteristics of Learners with Intellectual Differences
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Transcript Characteristics of Learners with Intellectual Differences
Characteristics of Learners with
Intellectual Differences
An Overview
Same more than different
Some people describe the personalities
in Myers-Briggs Terms
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Introversion-Extroversion
Intuition – Sensing
Thinking – Feeling
Judging - Perceiving
Adaptations to use
Accommodations
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Changes that enable the student to do the task
assigned
Glasses
Large type
Books on tape
Adapted pencils
Using markers instead of pens or pencils
Adaptations to use
Modifications
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Changes the task
Reducing amount given
Teaching alternative tasks (functional curriculum)
Taking classes on-line instead on in class?
Constructing a diorama instead of writing a book report
Taking the bus instead of driving
Learning
Capacity
Problem solving
Cognitive skills
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Metacognition
Memory
Attention
Metacognition
Ability to identify how one learns
Ability to evaluate, monitor, and adapt the
learning process
Difficulties in this area
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Planning
Evaluating
Organizing
Attention
Difficulty focusing on a task
Difficulty getting started
Recognizing cues to start
Attention span
Maintaining attention
Selective attention
Generalization
Transferring skills from one situation to
another
Changes can be difficult
Language development
Acquire language at a slower rate
Have limited vocabulary
Have speech problems
Develop inappropriate non verbal skills
Physical development
Less physically fit
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Smaller
Poor motor skills
More health problems
Difficulties of dual diagnoses
Social
Personality characteristics are unique to
each person
Persons with mental retardation may have
immature behaviors
Persons with mental retardation may exhibit
maladaptive behaviors
Motivation
Locus of control
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External vs internal
Expectation of failure
Learned helplessness
Outer-directedness
Educational Considerations
Curriculum
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Decisions should be based on the anticipated
outcomes
Academics
Basic
General
Adapted
Functional
Other considerations
Health
Family care
Job preparation
Sexuality
Social skills
Independent living skills
Recreational skills
Teaching by domains
Domestic
Recreation and leisure
Vocational
Community
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Look at skills student needs in these areas
Identify areas in which the student needs
instruction
Provide the instruction in the context of the
domain
Other characteristics
Gender- primarily male
Ethnicity- there has been an overrepresentation of persons from minorities
Live in single parent families
Lower SES
Family has a lower income