Transcript Internet Evolution in Indonesia

Internet Evolution in
Indonesia
Onno W. Purbo
[email protected]
Ex. Civil Servant
Ex. Lecturer at ITB
Works for Indonesian People
Important Key Factor
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Human
Community
Society
NOT Technology
NOT $$$
Major Achievements
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Bottom-up Community based
Sustainable development
No backup from World Bank, IMF, ADB,
in fact, some of these institutions are
piggy back on our successes  ..
Overview
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Historical View
Key Strategies in injecting a bottom-up
community based development.
Internet community development
Commercial ISP development
Government & incumbent repressive
approaches.
Technical aspects in empowering people’s
power to overrule the government  ..
Historical View
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Focus on Social (human) Aspects
Network Topology: Jan 1993
BPPT
LAPAN
1200 bps UHF
InterNet
1200 bps
UHF
1200 bps
2 Meteran
Universitas Indonesia
ITB
LAN
Homebrew Radio Modem
Software & PC based
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286 & e-mail only
Freeware network operating system
(NOS)
Downloadable from
ftp://ftp.ucsd.edu/hamradio/packet/
AI3 Indonesia: 1997
WIDE
APAN
AI3
AI3
Indonesia
TransPAC
STARTAP
S-One /
SingaREN
IIX
CA*net3
vBNS
Success Factor
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Community based development.
Human Resource Development
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Culture!
Shifting mind set!
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Self-financing.
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Human is the key factor!
Key strategies:
Community Based Dev’t
Key Strategies
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Human factor is the most important KEY.
Provide Free Education to the Society
Copyleft & Copywrong movement
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Free? How about the reward?
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God provides reward in unimaginable ways.
Society Education Process
h
s
li
Packaging
b
u
P
Feed Back
Surfing
Dissemin
at
e
Real Examples
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http://www.bogor.net/idkf
Mailing lists
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[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
Roadshow
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Linux seminar, entrance fee US$3/person
Free seminars at schools part of JIS.
Internet Community
Development
Access Behaviour
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Source: Adi Nugroho [email protected]
50% Internet Café in Makassar,
Sulawesi
20-27 January 2002.
Logged Access Sites in
Makassar
*.yahoo.com
6.96%
*.yimg.com
6.77%
*.bolehmail.com
4.69%
<error>
2.98%
*.plasa.com
2.52%
*.astaga.com
2.02%
*.17tahun.com
1.72%
*.doubleclick.net
1.46%
*.extrajos.com
1.40%
*.msn.com
1.16%
*.akamai.net
1.00%
*.freebiespider.com
0.85%
Access Behaviour
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Search engine & webmail are the
the most accessed site.
News & online media are next.
Indonesian pornograhics site is
next in the row (not much).
2.98% users normally mistype the
URL.
Yahoo.com & its family is the most
(13%) accessed site.
Indonesian Internet
Communities
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http://www.yahoogroups.com
http://groups.yahoo.com
http://groups.plasa.com
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Survey done at yahoogroups.com
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Historical Perspective
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’90: [email protected]
’96: [email protected]
’99: [email protected]
Evaluate yahoogroups.com
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45.000+ indonesian mailing lists
Mostly <100 subscribers
Evaluate only >100 subscribers
Evaluation
Total mailinglist
49913
Evaluated
30195 (60.5%)
Mailing list > 100 subs 1247 (4.2%)
Mailing lists
total
Pornography
Social
Religion
Politics
Knowledge
Hobby
Economics
Business
1247
73 (5.9%)
350 (28.1%)
155 (12.4%)
94 (7.5%)
257 (20.6%)
110 (8.8%)
16 (1.3%)
192 (15.4%)
Subscribers
total
Pornography
Social
Religion
Politics
Knowledge
Hobby
Economics
Business
451887
59871 (13.2%)
87875 (19.4%)
55055 (12.2%)
32124 (7.1%)
83736 (18.5%)
48342 (10.7%)
4595 (1.0%)
80289 (17.8%)
Messages in 2001
total
Pornography
Social
Religion
Politics
Knowledge
Hobby
Economics
Business
1593523
42590 (2.7%)
371749 (23.3%)
190427 (12.0%)
186583 (11.7%)
291544 (18.3%)
236023 (14.8%)
13542 (0.8%)
261065 (16.4%)
Activeness (msg/subs/month)
Pornography
Social
Religion
Politics
Knowledge
Hobby
Economics
Business
0.71
4.23
3.46
5.81
3.48
4.88
2.95
3.25
Bandwidth (Kbps)
total
Pornography
Social
Religion
Politics
Knowledge
Hobby
Economics
Business
1,711
704 (41.2%)
236 (13.8%)
146 (8.5%)
113 (6.6%)
270 (15.8%)
103 (6.0%)
9 (0.6%)
128 (7.5%)
Commercial ISP Development
Commercial ISPs
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APJII = Indonesian ISP Association
http://www.apjii.or.id
IndoNet
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the first Indonesian commercial ISP in
1994.
APJII Membership
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150+ Principal License Holder
80 Member APJII
40+ active in providing services
100+ cities, all provinces
Common Facilities
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APJII IIX
APJII IDNIC
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Domain Registration & NIR (APNIC)
Principal & Operational License
80
71
70
60
50
Prinsip
Operasi
40
30
20
19
16
20
17
13
10
2
6
1
0
1994
1996
7
3
1
1998
6
2
2000
Subscriber Distribution
Indosat
15%
Linket
11%
Lain2
45%
CBN
10%
Indonet
5%
Centrin
7%
RadNet
7%
Targeted Total Indonesian
Internet Users
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
1999
2000
2001
2002
Indonesia Internet Exchange
GLOBAL INTERNET
ISP
APJII – IIX
(GCC TELKOM)
ISP
Indonesia Internet Disaster ..
Facing Stubborn Incumbent
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The Incumbent is paranoid on VoIP
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US$30/incoming call line/month; from
normally US$3/month
No E1 lines for Indosat & may ISPs
No E1 lines for offices
The stubborn incumbent is stubborn
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Purposely no lines for ISP in several
islands.
Gov’t Emergency Task Force
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Sickness in Gov’t Policy Framework
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No competitive safeguard
ISP must uses PSTN lines; while Telco doesn’t
want to give lines to ISP  …
Sickness in Gov’t Tactical Framework
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No creativities are allowed
Illegaly sweeping all “illegal” VoIP operators
Illegaly sweeping all “illegal” high-speed Internet
Wireless users.
Not to mention the unofficial gov’t taxes.
Technical aspects in
empowering people’s power
Current Technology Push
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Wireless Internet 11-54Mbps
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Estimated cost US$150 / unit
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“Unlicensed” band 2.4Ghz, 5-5.8GHz
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Build own network, no Telco!
Wireless 11Mbps PCI Card
2.4Ghz Ant.
Some grassroots movements
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Internet Café
High Speed Wireless Internet (1154Mbps)
Indonesian Internet Cafes
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2000+ Internet Cafes
Mostly self-finance
Hangout at [email protected]
Fight for expanding own network &
concept towards community based
network.
Indonesian Wireless Internet
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Close to 1000 corporate users
Uses 11Mbps (soon 54Mbps) wireless
connection
2.4GHz (soon at 5-5.8GHz)
Hangout [email protected]
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Fight for free frequency license
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Aims for ..
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People’s Telecommunication
Infrastructure.
No Incumbent / Telco
No Government
No IMF, No World Bank, No ADB