Transcript Χωρίς τίτλο διαφάνειας

Panel Session 1
Smart Grid: Development and
implementation
Prof. Nikos Hatziargyriou,
National Technical University of Athens
[email protected]
In transition
SEEEI, Dan Eilat Hotel, Israel, November 14-17, 2012
Transition: driving factors
• Increased customer participation
• European and national policies encourage lower
carbon generation, RES and efficient energy use
• Integration of RES and DG into the grids
• Need for investment in end-of-life grid renewal
(ageing assets)
• Handle grid congestion (with market based methods)
• Reduce uncertainty for investment
• Progress in technology
SEEEI, Dan Eilat Hotel, Israel, November 14-17, 2012
Smartgrid essential components
• Customers are part of the “network-loop”, both
producer and consumer = “prosumer”
– Real-time price information (smart meters)
– Automated systems + convenience (DR/DSM)
– Adequate investment and reward incentives
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Integration of millions small scale generators
Bulk power and small scale sustainability coexistence
Demand and supply balance solutions
Efficiently operated (and reliable) network
Mature markets and regulation
SEEEI, Dan Eilat Hotel, Israel, November 14-17, 2012
Smartgrids technical, economic
and environmental benefits
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Energy efficiency
Minimisation of the overall energy consumption
Improved environmental impact
Improvement of energy system reliability and
resilience
• Network benefits (lower losses, congestion reliefs,
black start, ancillary services)
• Cost efficient electricity infrastructure replacement
strategies
SEEEI, Dan Eilat Hotel, Israel, November 14-17, 2012
Enabling Technologies
Active
Distribution
Networks
Improved power flows:
FACTS, WAMS, WAPS
ICT &
embedded
systems
Power
electronics
technology
Smart
Metering
Stationary energy storage
Communication for DSM / DR, on-line
services, energy management
SEEEI, Dan Eilat Hotel, Israel, November 14-17, 2012
Microgrids - Integration of SG components
Microgrids are electricity distribution systems
containing loads and
distributed energy
resources, (such as
distributed generators,
storage devices, or
controllable loads) that
can be operated in a
controlled, coordinated
way, either while
connected to the main
power network and/or
while islanded.
http://www.microgrids.eu
EU Microgrids (ENK5-CT-2002-00610) and MOREMICROGRIDS (PL019864)
Microgrids – Hierarchical Control
MicroGrid Central Controller (MGCC) promotes technical
and economical operation, interface with loads and micro
sources and DMS; provides set points or supervises LC and
MC; MC and LC Controllers: interfaces to control
interruptible loads and micro sources
PV
MC
Flywheel
AC
DC
LC
DC
AC
MC
MC
AC
DC
LC
Storage
LC
MC
~ CHP
DMS
DMS
MV
LV
Fuel Cell
MC
AC
DC
MGCC
MGCC
MC
AC
DC
LC
~
Micro Turbine
SEEEI, Dan Eilat Hotel, Israel, November 14-17, 2012
Centralized vs
Decentralized
Control
Technical Challenges for Microgrids
• Small size (challenging management)
• Use of different generation technologies (prime
movers)
• Presence of power electronic interfaces
• Relatively large imbalances between load and
generation to be managed (significant load
participation required, need for new technologies,
review of the boundaries of microgrids)
• Specific network characteristics (strong interaction
between active and reactive power, control and market
implications)
• Protection and Safety / static switch
• Communication requirements
Market and Regulatory Challenges
• coordinated but decentralised energy trading and
management
• market mechanisms to ensure efficient, fair and secure
supply and demand balancing
• development of islanded and interconnected price-based
energy and ancillary services arrangements for
congestion management
• secure and open access to the network and efficient
allocation of network costs
• alternative ownership structures, energy service providers
• new roles and responsibilities of supply company,
distribution company, and consumer/customer
211 SmartGrids related projects running in EU27
at a total investment of 5 b€ (source : European Commission JRC)
e.g. in Germany
“E-energy – ICT
based Energy
System of the
Future”,
6 Lighthouses
(2008-2013), 140
M€
MICROGRIDS Project (FP5)
“Large Scale Integration of Micro-Generation to Low
Voltage Grids
GREAT BRITAIN
• UMIST
• URENCO
PORTUGAL
GREECE
14 PARTNERS,
7 EU COUNTRIES
• EDP
• INESC
• NTUA
• PPC /NAMD&RESD
• GERMANOS
UMIST
URENCO
GERMANY
ISET
SMA
SPAIN
• SMA
• ISET
ARMINES
• LABEIN
EDF
FRANCE
CENERG
NETHERLANDS
• EMforce
INESC
EDP
LABEIN
ICCS / NTUA
GERMANOS
• EDF
• Ecole des Mines de Paris/ARMINES
• CENERG
PPC/NAMD&RESD
http://www.microgrids.eu
SEEEI, Dan Eilat Hotel, Israel, November 14-17, 2012
Budget: 4.5M€
MORE MICROGRIDS Project
“Large Scale Integration of Micro-Generation to Low Voltage Grids
Contract : ENK5-CT-2002-00610
Budget: 8M€
SEEEI, Dan Eilat Hotel, Israel, November 14-17, 2012
Microgrids Pilots
Østkraft
AGRIA PIG FARM
SEEEI, Dan Eilat Hotel, Israel, November 14-17, 2012
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Challenges in the implementation of
Smart Grid Projects
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Technical, commercial and regulatory solutions
Central and distributed generation co-existence
Integration of innovative technologies
Harmonisation of equipment standards
Higher education and skills
RD&D to make it happen!
SEEEI, Dan Eilat Hotel, Israel, November 14-17, 2012