Transcript Byte out of Bits

Taking the Byte out of Bits:
Lighting Design, Installation, and Operation in the Digital Age
Seminar #21
May 7, 2003 4:00 PM
Richard Miller – RNM Engineering
Wayne Morrow – Starfield Controls
What is DALI?
• How we got here and why general lighting
control is the last major building system to go
digital.
…a famous artist
… a lighting control system
…a platform
As a potato is...
to Mr. Potato
Head
Implementation
can be flexible
and creative
The Digital Revolution - History
• 1880 – Morse Code developed by Samuel Morse.
• 1938 – Claude Shannon lays foundation of digital computers by
recognizing that relays can mimic Boolean logic gates.
• 1968 – First commercial PLC for industrial controls.
• 1991 – HVAC DDC controls replace Pneumatics. Security and
Access Control follow quickly.
• 1991 – Tridonic introduces first digital ballast.
• 2000 – DALI published as IEC standard.
• 2001 – Lighting Industry recognizes DALI.
Quote:
“DALI is the most significant advancement
in lighting standardization since Edison’s
introduction of the screw-in light bulb over a
hundred years ago”
Elwyn Gee, Judge’s Citation Award presentation, LightFair ‘02 Judge.
Why has it taken so long
•
•
•
•
•
Lighting is big and distributed
Lot’s of devices
Advanced technology
High noise environment
Cost constraints
…a communication standard
and protocol
www.DALI-AG.org
DALI = Digital Addressable Lighting Interface IEC 60929 Annex E4
Kommunikation
Kommunikation Betriebsgerät => Steuergerät: „Lampenfehler“
Lampe
defekt
DALI
Steuereinheit
BG
Simplifed and Consistent
Wiring
• 2 wire power & network
• Non-polarized
Line
• Standard material and
methods
N
• Class 1 or 2 wiring (in
or outside of conduit)
DA
DA
• Low voltage and power
limited (3 W per bus)
Operating Features
• Soft zoning
• Open Systems (International, non-
proprietary, published standard)
• Interoperable equipment
• Multi-station
• Local and global control
Stakeholder Benefits
• Designer – Simplicity, flexibility, modular, generic rough•
•
•
•
in, multi-station, soft-zoning
Installer – Simplicity (2-wire non-polarized), standard
materials and methods, in or outside of conduit.
Owner – quick turn-time, tenant billing, quality of space
User – individual workstation control, convenience,
scenes, access through wireless computers
Maintenance – quick response, lamp & ballast failure
reporting, energy monitoring, small replacement
inventory, open systems, component interoperability
Control Methods
Switch
Switch
Switch
120/277v
120/277v
120/277v
Digital
Digital
Digital
Switch
Switch
Switch
++0-10v
0-10v
+ 0-10v
NN
N
120/277v
120/277v
120/277v
NN
N
120/277v
120/277v
120/277v
120/277v
120/277v
120/277v
100%
100%
100%
max
maxmax
00v v 0 v
100%
100%
100%
T1
T1 T1T2
T2 T2
min
min min
1v
1v 1v
Brightness
Brightness
Brightness
PWR
PWR PWR
On/off
On/off
On/off
On/off
On/off
On/off
Dimming
Dimming
Dimming
8v
8v 8v
On/off
On/off
On/off
Dimming
Dimming
Dimming
Status
Status
Status
Min/Max
Min/Max
Min/Max
Fade
FadeFade
NN
N
Light Switches
• Hardwired
• Local control
a
ab
a
b
b
Central Control Panel Systems
• Hardwired
• Local & global
control
Relays & Dim Modules
a
b
Network
ab
a
b
Device-level Peer-to-Peer
Networking
Router
Router
a
a
b
c
b
Network
Network
ab
a
ab
P
b
ca
M
c
b
DALI vs 10baseT Ethernet
VOLTS
12
11
10
Ethernet Bit
2
9
8
7
6
5
1
4
3
2
1
0
TIME (ms)
DALI Bit
0
x10
x100
0.4170
x1000
Reliability – Big, Slow, Tough
System
Bits/sec
Ratio
DALI
1,200
1
Modem
56,000
47
Basic Ethernet
10,000,000
8,333
Energy Features
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
ASHRAE 90.1 and CA 2005 Title 24 Compliant
Energy Monitoring
Tenant Billing
Open and closed loop daylight dimming
Motion sensor interface
Sweep with manual override
Individual Dimming
Load shed
Peak shaving
Network Layer Schematic
Global - Ethernet,
TCP/IP, Internet
(Fast - 10-100 Mbs)
Unlimited IP addresses
Local - DALI
(Slow - 1.2 Kbs)
64 addresses & 16 groups per loop
Device
10-20 devices per loop
Network Hierarchy
Individual User
Workstations
Building System
Operator
Workstations
Additional Routers
as Needed
Lighting System
Computer
Ethernet 10basT network cable.
Ethernet
Hub
277/120v
Ethernet
Hub
277/120v
RT03
Router 1
DALI
Loop 1
RT03
Router 2
DALI
Loop 2
DALI
Loop 1
DALI
Loop 2
WIRING LEGEND
Device Power - 120/277
Ethernet Backbone Network - Class 2
DALI Local Net - Class 1 or Class 2
Global Management
User Interface & System
Management
Database
Users
Users
Users
Admin
Interface
Integration
DALI Lighting
HVAC
Security
Access
Fire Alarm
Nurse Call
Details of DALI
Control Interface:
Bits and Bytes
• Address (one specific ballast)
• 0AAAAAA1 + CCCCCCCC , 0AAAAAA0 + arc power
• Broadcast (all ballasts)
• 11111111 + CCCCCCCC , 11111110 + arc power
• Group
• 100GGGG1 + CCCCCCCC , 100GGGG0 + arc power
• “Go To Scene”:
• 0AAAAAA1 + 0001SSSS
• 11111111 + 0001SSSS
• 100GGGG1 + 0001SSSS
Control Interface:
No Collision Detection
•
•
•
•
Assumes only one sending device
Ballasts talk only when queried
No checking for simultaneous commands
Control manufacturers must provide collision
detection
Protocol:
Command Set
• Current command set is for ballasts only.
• >100 commands defined (with space for
future commands)
• Ability to program, control and monitor status
information
Ballast Commands:
To Ballast
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Off
Step Up
Step Down,
On and Step Up
Set Max
Step Down and Off
Set Min
Go to Max
Go to Min
Up to Max
Down to Min
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Fade to Level
Set Actual Level
Set Power On Level
Set System Failure Level
Set Fade Time
Set Fade Rate
Set Scene
Go to Scene
Remove from Scene
Set Group
Remove from Group
Ballast Commands:
Information from Ballast
•
•
•
•
•
•
Actual Level,
Power ON Level
System Failure Level
Max
Min
Group Assignment
•
•
•
•
•
Scene Level
Fade Time
Random Address
Version Number
Device Type
Simplest of DALI Systems
DALI Bus
DALI
Power
Supply
16 VDC
DALI
Controller
DALI
Ballast
Wiring Friendly
Lighting Circuit
DALI Bus
Relay
DALI
Switch
DALI
PS&G
DALI
Switch
Lighting
Panel
DALI
DALI Ballast
DALI Ballast
DALI Ballast
H
N
G
D
D
Every ballast, switch and relay are wired the
same regardless of location in circuit.
Lighting Panel and DALI Cabinet
Control of a Non-DALI Device
• Used for ON/OFF control of non- DALI loads.
• Used for:
• Non DALI lighting loads
• Audio Video Equipment
• Shades / Blinds
NON DALI Ballast or other load
Power Wiring
Power Relay
DALI Bus
DALI Relay
Module
Free Topology Bus
not restricted to chains or stars
DALI Power Supply
and Gateway
2
4
DALI
Ballast
DALI Bus
10
5
8
11
14
16
12
1
26
9
0
6
7
3
27
13
25
24
23
33
31
37
28
36
32
15
30
18
17
22
19
20
21
38
29
35
34
39
Prepared by: Charles Knuffke
Traditional Wiring for
Conference Room - 9 homeruns
S
DALI Wiring for
Conference Room -
S
1 homerun
DALI Design Parameters
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Decide DALI Bus to run with Lighting Circuit
Max loading of circuits based on lighting watts
Max DALI addresses per DALI bus
DALI ballast and DALI controllers consume
power
DALI power supply is limited to 250 ma
Actual power supply may be only 150 ma
Control Interface: Electrical
• Voltage – 0 VDC (+/- 4.5V) to 16VDC (9.5V to 22.5V)
• Voltage drop – must not exceed 2 volts
• Loss of control voltage – lamps go to preset level
• Current – 2 ma consumption, able to sink 250 ma
• Power – Remote power supply of <250 ma
• Speed – 1,200 bits/sec
• Must be able to withstand live voltage
Voltage Drop
must not exceed 2 volts
Wire Gauge
ohm/ft
Cable Length
(ft)
22
0.0161
248
20
0.0102
392
18
0.00638
627
16
0.00401
998
14
0.00253
1000
12
0.00159
1000
LEED™ CI - EA Credit 1.1
Allowed
W/SF
Allowed
Watts
Actual
Watts
% Reduction
ASHRAE
1.3
38,252
26,315
31%
CA T24
1.2
35,310
26,315
25%
Reduce lighting power density to 30%
below the Standard, (2 LEED points)
DALI Commissioning
• Many more points than ever before
• More capabilities means more settings to
deal with
• All components must be completely installed
• If power is shut off to DALI bus, all lamps go
to 100% by default.
• Use “Broadcast” command to verify wiring
integrity
• Reassign short address in logical sequence
Random Addressing
automatically per DALI protocol
2
4
10
5
8
11
14
16
12
1
26
9
0
6
7
3
27
13
25
24
23
33
31
37
28
36
32
15
30
18
17
22
19
20
21
38
29
35
34
39
Prepared by: Charles Knuffke
Readdress Sequentially
manual effort, well worth the time
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
19
14
10
11
12
13
16
15
17
18
20
24
26
27
28
29
30
36
25
37
38
39
40
21
23
35
31
32
33
34
Excel Spreadsheet –
Initial information
Dali Loop
Group
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
#
Room
3
10
17
11
15
1
8
14
5
12
0
16
31
6
2
7
13
18
4
19
20
21
22
23
210 Conference
210 Conference
210 Conference
211 Storage IT
211 Storage IT
212 Coffee
212 Coffee
212 Coffee
213 Conference
213 Conference Cove
213 Conference Pend.
213 Conference Pend.
215 Library
215 Library No. Down
215 Library Pend.
215 Library Pend.
215 Library Pend.
215 Library Pend.
215 Library So Pendant
215 Library So. Pendant
215 Library Stack
215 Library Stack
215 Library Stack
215 Library Stack
Other
Relay
Relay
Relay
Emergency
S1 (#64) S2 (#65) S3 (#66) S4 (#67)
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
200
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
254
243
243
243
243
243
243
254
243
254
100
100
100
243
254
243
243
243
243
243
243
243
243
243
243
229
229
229
229
229
229
0
229
0
150
150
150
229
0
229
229
229
229
204
204
229
229
229
229
204
204
204
204
204
204
0
204
0
0
100
100
204
0
204
204
204
204
170
170
204
204
204
204
Excel Spreadsheet –
Expanded information
#
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
IP Address COM
172.22.25.32
11
172.22.25.32
11
172.22.25.32
11
172.22.25.32
11
172.22.25.32
11
172.22.25.32
11
172.22.25.32
11
172.22.25.32
11
172.22.25.32
11
172.22.25.32
11
172.22.25.32
11
172.22.25.32
11
172.22.25.32
11
172.22.25.32
11
172.22.25.32
11
172.22.25.32
11
172.22.25.32
11
172.22.25.32
11
172.22.25.32
11
172.22.25.32
11
172.22.25.32
11
172.22.25.32
11
172.22.25.32
11
172.22.25.32
11
Loop
2A
2A
2A
2A
2A
2A
2A
2A
2A
2A
2A
2A
2A
2A
2A
2A
2A
2A
2A
2A
2A
2A
2A
2A
Group
8
8
5
6
6
1
2
3
2
7
8
8
6
8
8
8
8
7
7
6
8
4
4
3
Add.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Room
209 Center
209 Center
208 Private
209 West
209 West
203 Mail
204 Reception
206 Private
204 Reception
209 North
209 Center
209 Center
209 West
209 Center
209 Center
209 Center
209 Center
209 North
209 North
209 West
209 Center
207 Private
207 Private
206 Private
Other
Emergency
Relay 277V
Relay 120V
Relay 277V
Emergency
Emergency
Location
Inboard
No window
Window
Window
Window
No window
Inboard
Window
Window
Window
Inboard
No window
Window
No window
No window
No window
Inboard
Window
Window
Window
Inboard
Window
Window
Window
Fixture
Ballast Type
F1
1/F32T8
2
6-F3
CFM32
0
F1
1/F32T8
2
F1
1/F32T8
2
F1
1/F32T8
2
2-F2,4-F15 CFM32,F32T8 0
2-F2,11-F3
CFM32
0
F1
1/F32T8
2
F1
1/F32T8
2
F1
1/F32T8
2
F1
1/F32T8
2
F1
1/F32T8
2
F1
1/F32T8
2
F1
1/F32T8
2
F1
1/F32T8
2
F1
1/F32T8
2
F1
1/F32T8
2
F1
1/F32T8
2
F1
1/F32T8
2
F1
1/F32T8
2
F1
1/F32T8
2
F1
1/F32T8
2
F1
1/F32T8
2
F1
1/F32T8
2
Available Products
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ballasts
Scene Controllers
Power Supplies
Accessories
Gateways
Commissioning Tools
System Software
DALI Protocol
•
•
•
•
IEC
NEMA
Users and Specifiers
www.DALIbyDesign.us
The End