Transcript Dia 1
The History and Development of the European Therapeutic Communities Eric Broekaert University Växjö, Sweden, November 2009 Broekaert, E., Vanderplasschen, W., Temmerman, I., Ottenberg, D., & Kaplan, C. (2000). Retrospective study of similarities and relations between the American drug-free and the European therapeutic communities for children and adults. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 32(4), 407-417. Eric Broekaert, Kathy Colpaert, Veerle Soyez, Wouter Vanderplasschen, Stijn Vandevelde. Transatlantic Dialectics: A study on similarities and dissimilarities in approaches to substance abuse problems in the United States and Europe. Submitted to: Therapeutic Communities: The International Journal for Therapeutic and Supportive Organizations. Early TC’s In Europe World War II: Innovation of psychiatry ‘Northfield experiments’ Treatment of psychiatric casualties of war Dealing with psychiatric problems in social settings Harold Bridger “A transitional space of experience” Maxwell Jones “ Social learning is complicated and painfull ” The drug-free TC The Oxford- groups, Moral Rearmement, AA-movement Synanon American Behavioristic Communities Integrated European Communities: behaviorists, psychopedagogues, humanist Christians French Communities The Oxford-groups, Moral Rearmement, AAmovement Dr. Frank N.D. Buchman “ A search for spiritual authority ” Synanon Charles Dederich “Today is the first day of the rest of your life” Synanon The cradle of the drug-free TC American Behavioristic Communities Msgr William O’Brien “You can not do it alone” Charles J. Devlin Integrated European Communities: Behaviorists The Netherlands Martien Kooyman Emiliehoeve “My house, is a very very nice house!” Integrated European Communities: psychopedagogues Belgium Georges van der Straten Trempoline “European companionship in education, the formation trough the journey” Integrated European Communities: humanist Christians Don Mario Picchi Yuan Parés y Plans “Progetto per l’ Uomo” “ I am like a sail, I catch the wind ” Dr. Donald Ottenberg “Taking decisions in a life that is valued ” French Communities France Lucien Engelmajer La Boère ‘Le Patriarche’ “ A life without drugs ” Chronology of American predecessors and European TC’s Year Name Founders 1958 Synanon, USA Chuck Dederich 1964 Daytop Village NY, USA William O’Brien Charles Devlin David Deitch 1967 Phoenix House NY, USA Mitchell Rosenthal George De Leon 1968 Pink Villa Huts (Saint-James Hospital), which was later called Phoenix House, Alpha Unit and ultimately was re-launched as Alpha House, UK Ian Christie David Warren-Holland Jane Green Robert Storey Year ‘69 – ‘71 Year Name Founders 1969 Featherstone Lodge Project (FLP), which later became Phoenix House, UK Griffith Edwards Denny Yuson Madeleine Maldo David Warren-Holland David Tomlinson 1969 L’Incontro, Italy Don Piero Gelmini Beginning of Klinik Bad Herrenalb, Germany 1970s 1971 Le centre du Levant, Switzerland Walter Lechler Pierre Rey Year ‘71 – ‘72 Year Name Founders 1971 Ley Community (Littlemore Hospitall), UK Bertram Mandelbrote John McCabe 1971 Synanon, Germany Collective Emiliehoeve, The Netherlands Martien Kooyman Denny Yuson Brian Dempsey Daytop, Germany Ullrich Osterhues Martin Lutterjohann 1972 1972 Year ‘73 – ‘74 Year Name Founders 1973 Vallmotorp, later Daytop, Sweden Lars Bremberg Paul d’Andrea 1973 Aebi Hus, Switzerland Karl Deissler 1973 Coolmine Lodge, Ireland Lord Rossmore James Comberton 1974 De Sleutel, Belgium Johan Maertens Jos Lievens 1974 La Boère, France Lucien Engelmajer (Le Patriarche) Year ‘76 - ‘79 Year Name Founders 1976 De Kiem, Belgium Eric Broekaert Rudy Bracke 1978 San Patrignano, Italy Vincenzo Muccioli 1978 Choisis! and later Trampoline, Belgium George Van der Straten Ruud Bruggeman 1979 De Spiegel, Belgium Paul van Deun Johan Martens 1979 Tannenhof, Germany Horst Brömer Year ‘79 – ‘82 Year Name Founders 1979 San Carlo (CeIS), Progetto per l’uomo, Italy Don Mario Picchi Juan Corelli 1979 Pellas community, later Kisko community, Finland Kalliolan Kannatusyhdistys Katriina Pajupuro End 1970’s – beginning 1980’s Programmas Libres de Drogas, Spain Juan Francisco Orsi Aitor Aresti Veksthuset, later Phoenix House Haga, Norway Rafael Aseplund Dag Furuholmen Stuart Rose Inger Vennerod Anthony Slater 1982 Year ‘83 – ‘90 Year 1983 In the years 1990 Name Founders Ithaka/ Kethea, Greece Phoebus Zafiridis Babis Poulopoulos Dianova, Belgium and other countries Lucien Engelmajer (Le Patriarche) Swedish Friends Jan Henning "Moltas" Erikson, född 29 november 1932, död 1 juni 1988, var en svensk underhållare samt psykiater vid Ulleråkers sjukhus i Uppsala Swedish Friends Lars Bremberg was an important person within the TC movement. He arranged the first Eupropean TC meeting in Sweden 1976. He started Vallmotorp 1973 and Daytop Sweden some years later. European Identity American Behaviourist tradition Psycho-analytical-based milieutherapy 1970’s-ideologies, marxism and critical theory Integration of democratic and hierarchical TC approaches. Social learning Adaptation of American models into own culture: Evolution towards more empathic behaviour modification and dialogue. Traditional European educational theories, new school movement and reform pedagogy. Integration of humanistic therapy into TC methodology. Introduction of existentialist family therapy More professionalism Health care professionals and priests Researchers Less important role of ex-addicts Scientific Research Counterweight against spiritual and selfconfirming tendencies Transition towards integrative recovery and integrated treatment systems EFCT collaboration and information exchange Links with EWODOR, European universities What can we expect from the future ? Post Modern Times Michel Foucault “ To change something in the minds of people ”