Transcript Document
An introduction to China . . .
10 minutes and you know china http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IvEVEIzmYBc
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/china_modern/html /3.stm
Totalitarian vs Authoritarian
Totalitarianism is a tricky and often misused term, though quite distinct from authoritarianism. Totalitarianism connotes violence and error, and so the word is often used in a partisan way to label a political system that we particularly dislike.
What then is the difference between totalitarianism and other forms of nondemocratic rule ? There are several important elements. Totalitarianism is a form of nondemocratic rule with a highly centralized state and a regime with a well-defined ideology that seeks to transform and fuse the institutions of state, society, and the economy. Unlike other nondemocratic regimes, the main objective of totalitarianism is to use power to transform the total institutional fabric of a country according to some ideological goal. Finally, because of the ambitious goals of totalitarianism, violence often becomes a necessary tool to destroy and obstacle to change
.
Maybe ___________, but not glasnost
http://www.economist.com/blogs/graphicdetail/2015/02 /nigerias-postponed election?zid=304&ah=e5690753dc78ce91909083042ad 12e30
Econ 1.6- Economic Systems: Why is Communist China doing so well?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KPpmAUk1olA&list=PLNw3wt6 5rW7wtqM8-COE-NAoRLF3I-b2x&index=12
Democratic regimes
have rules that emphasize a large role for the public in governance and protect the basic rights and freedoms.
Authoritarian regimes
limit the role of the public in decision making and often deny citizens’ basic rights and restrict their freedoms. Although the CCP’s original heroic stature and revolutionary legitimacy may have little hold on China’s younger generations, • • • recent party leaders have effectively employed a mixture of authoritarian controls, patriotic nationalist appeals, and economic benefits to maintain the party’s monopoly of political power.
Sovereignty, Authority, and Power
China is a _____Party-State Apex: Standing Committee of National People’s Congress Apex: Standing Committee; p______/ National Party Congress Government Party
“p_______ hierarchies”:
All gov’t exec. , leg and adm. agencies are matched by a corresponding party organ.
Parallel Organization of the Chinese Communist Party and the Chinese Government
Party Office or Organ
Officeholder or Number of Members or Departments
Corresponding Government office or Organ
Officeholder or Number of Members or Departments Chairman Office abolished in 1982 President (head of state) Xi Jinping General secretary Xi Jinping Premier (head of gov.) Li Keqiang Politburo standing committee (PSC) Politburo 9 members 24 members Central Committee (CC) National party congress Central military commission (CMC) CMC Chairman 198 members 2979 members 8 members Hu Jintao State council standing committee State council National people’s congress standing committee National People’s Congress Central Military Commission CMC Chairman 10 members 43 members 159 members 2120 members 7 members Xi Jinping Secretariat Party departments Large staff of the party cadre Approx. 46 departments Central discipline inspection commission 121 members State council general office Bureaucratic ministries Supreme people’s court Large staff of civil servants Approx. 46 ministries, bureaus, and commissions 1 president and 8 vice presidents
Good youtube explanation on NPC vs NPC http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cYp6TIyNE4 In contrast with the NPC which has become more assertive since the 1990s, the NPC has shown no signs of becoming a deliberative assembly with independent power As China’s economy and society have become more complex,
it
and
its
standing committee have gradually become venues for delegates to offer opinions, express dissatisfaction with government policy and even occasionally cast dissenting votes. .. . . as its constituent committees and specialized policy groups have become more knowledgeable and sophisticated, it has started to shape the policies of reform
Decoder: how China chooses its leaders http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b23FEyXipEs BBC China’s leaders what you need to know: once in a decade transition . . .who is xi http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia 20179952
The rise and rise of Xi Jinping
Xi who must be obeyed
The most powerful and popular leader China has had for decades must use these assets wisely Sep 20th 2014
Military Mao: “Political power grows out of the b ________ of a ______. Our party commands the gun and the gun must never be allowed to command the party.”. Link b/w Military and politics: Xi president and GS AND is also chair of ______ _____ ________ Officers and men swear allegiance to ______ and state.: PLA officers are also ____ members a separate Party machine inside the military makes sure rank and file stay in line with Party thinking Gen Sec is _____________ in ___________________
Institutions: the military Thousands of soldiers and rows of tanks commemorated 60 years of Communist Party rule during National Day celebrations in Beijing. Female officers and soldiers of the People's Liberation Army marched during the military parade
Changing of the Guard Close Army Ties of China’s New Leader Could Test the U.S.
March 8, 2013
In the last four months, China has forged an aggressive, more nationalistic posture in Asia that may set the tone for Mr. Xi’s expected decade-long tenure, analysts and diplomats say,
pushing against American allies, particularly Japan, for what China considers its territorial imperatives
.
The son of a revolutionary general, Mr. Xi, 59, boasts far closer ties to China’s fast-growing military than the departing leader, Hu Jintao, had when he took offic
e
. As Mr. Xi rose through the ranks of the Communist Party, he made the most of parallel posts in the People’s Liberation Army, deeply familiarizing himself with the inner workings of the armed forces
. Even if Mr. Xi does not immediately become head of the crucial Central Military Commission as well as party leader, he will almost certainly do so within two years, giving him at least eight years as the direct overseer of the military. This combination of political power as head of the Communist Party and good relations with a more robust military could make Mr. Xi a formidable leader for Washington to contend with, analysts and diplomats in China and the United States say
Politics Xi Jinping Elected Chinese President, Military Chief
Politics Xi Jinping Elected Chinese President, Military Chief BEIJING, March 14 2013 (RIA Novosti) - General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Xi Jinping was elected Chinese president Thursday morning at the session of the 12th National People's Congress.
Xi, who replaced Hu Jintao in this post, was also elected the chairman of the Central Military Commission of China
The “Princelings” relatives (most frequently, the sons and daughters) of senior Chinese government officials who use their family relationship to obtain access to privilege, positions of power vLk and http://www.chinahush.com/2010/10/21/sue-me-if-you-dare-my-dad-is-li gang/ http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/31/world/asia/31china.html
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DzC2zez6dr0 My father is the mayor “My father is Li Gang” has become a bitter inside joke, a catchphrase for shirking any responsibility — washing the dishes, being faithful to a girlfriend — with impunity
Levels of Government: SupRAnational?
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international body whose purpose is to promote _____ trade by persuading countries to abolish import t_________ and other barriers. As such, it has become closely associated with globalisation.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/2429503.stm
18 October 2012 Last updated at 22:00 ET
China tariffs on US steel: WTO rejects Beijing's appeal
The World Trade Organisation (WTO) has upheld its decision that China's tariffs on imports of certain US steel products were illegal Beijing had imposed duties on a particular kind of US steel, alleging that its makers were being given subsidies by the US government. The WTO ruled against the tariffs in June, a decision it upheld saying that China had failed to prove its charges. The case is the latest in a series of trade conflicts between the countries. "Today we are again plainly stating that we will continue to take every step necessary to ensure that China plays by the rules and does not unfairly restrict exports of US products," US trade representative Ron Kirk said.
'Beating China' Disagreements between China and the US have been growing in recent times and the two have sparred over issues ranging from China's currency policies to allegations of state subsidies given to Chinese firms.
The US has upped its ante against Beijing recently, not least because of the upcoming presidential elections.The impact of China's growing economic might on the US economy, and how the US should respond to it, has become a key issue in the elections.
V .
Political and Economic Change
……………………………….15% A. Revolution, coups, and war B. Trends and types of political change (including democratization) 1. Components 2. Promoting or inhibiting factors 3. Consequences C. Trends and types of economic change (including privatization) 1. Components 2. Promoting or inhibiting factors 3. Consequences D. Relationship
between political and economic change
E. Globalization and fragmentation: interlinked economies, global culture, reactions against globalization, regionalism F. Approaches to development
VI Public Policy
……………………………………………………………10% Common policy issues A.Economic performance B.Social welfare (e.g., education, health, poverty) C.Civil liberties, rights and freedoms D.Environment
E.Population and migration F.Economic development Factors influencing public policymaking and implementation A.Domestic
B.International
Market Reform in China: Creating a “Socialist Market Economy” “_______cat, White Cat, it doesn’t matter what color the cat is, as long as the Cat catches________”
\
“to get rich is glorious“ " poverty is not Socialism" “Socialism with Chinese Characteristics"
http://www.economist.com/displayStory.cfm?story_id=12758848
Architect: _________Xiaoping Time: early 19______s Characteristics: •Perestroika without_________ •"Crossing the river by groping for stones" •
Strong state
model continues in planning and ownership
How: Two Pillars
One: Decentralize the economy by :
(A) Shifting authority for decision making
from central bureaucrats to individual families (first through the “__________responsibility system), factory managers, local governments (“T__ ___”s) and private entrepreneurs: (B) recognizing diverse forms of _________
rights
•in 2001 Jiang invited so-called "red _______s" - private entrepreneurs and high tech barons - to join the Party – •March 2004,
NPC changed constitution
so that it says “Citizen’s Lawful p_________ _________is inviolable” and that the state will protect private property and give compensation when it is confiscated”
(C) Most prices set by s________ and d__________,
not administrative decree
(D)_________ of law
: So far, the main change is a gradual regularization of commercial law
Note that this is l
imited Privatization:
diminish (NOT eliminate) state owned factories
Levels of Government:
from the Economist Decentralisation of power is substantial
BUT . . . .
Regional governments have become major stakeholders in many local enterprises (TVEs)
and have sought to maximize employment, output and revenue-raising opportunities in areas under their jurisdiction, sometimes acting counter to central government policy. Some observers argue that devolution is irreversible and that the government will eventually be reorganised along federal lines.
However, the central government is far from powerless and can intervene to enforce compliance with its main policies
. . . . . Moreover, the central authorities can still exercise considerable influence through their
ability to appoint and remove leading local officials
, and provincial governors are frequently reshuffled to prevent them from "going native"..
Number of TVEs (millions) Gross output of TVEs Contribution of TVEs to rural income per capita
Sources: China Statistical Yearbook, 1997, 1998. The Yearbook of Chinese ________and Village Enterprises, 1995, 1996 1997, 1998. China Economic Yearbook, 1997, 1998.
TWO: Opening China to the outside world by . . .
(A) Increasing trade with a focus on
“ex_______ lead”
growth (B)
encouraging foreign investment (
e.g create Special ___________Zones (SEZs))
Jiang Zemin’s ________Represents (1)
the most advanced forces of production [ Read: allow entrepreneurs and professionals to become Party members ] (2) the most advanced forces of culture (3) the fundamental interests of the broadest number of people (including c___________s GULP!) BBC role of party : support for party http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-20293590
Hu’s “______________s Society” October, 2006: The annual meeting of the ruling party’s Central Committee formally adopted President Hu Jintao’s proposal to “build a harmonious socialist society,” a move some analysts said was one of most
decisive shifts
in the party’s thinking since Deng Xiaoping accelerated the push for high growth rates in the early 1990’s.
The leadership declared that a
range of social concerns, including the surging wealth gap, corruption, pollution and access to education and medical care, must be placed on a par with economic growth in party theory and government policy. . .
. The catch phrase covers a range of policies intended to
restore a balance
between the country’s thriving market economy and its neglected socialist ideology, primarily by paying greater attention to peasants and migrant workers who have benefited much less than the white-collar elite in China’s long economic boom. President Hu Jintao, left, and Premier Wen Jiabao have called for "harmonious society" and "social stability." Washington Post
BEIJING, Feb. 25 (Xinhua) -- A moderately prosperous society, reform, rule of law, Party discipline -- these "Four Comprehensives" are
Xi Jinping
's blueprint for China's future.
RESULTS
Well, uhh did you get this one yet?
China overtakes Japan as world's second-biggest economy
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-12427321
14 Feb 2011
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-12224578
Results: Poverty rate overall has:
But even as officials trot out a litany of achievements they attribute to the country’s “_____________and opening” policy—200m fewer citizens living in poverty, a 6% share of global GDP compared with 1.8% in 1978, a nearly 70% increase in grain production—the world’s financial crisis weighs heavily on their minds, and their leaders are struggling with unfinished business
Results: The Gap between the _______ and poor grows
A man begs in Shanghai as wealthier residents pass by. Today, some experts say, success has become a secular religion, reinforced by official messages of opportunity Living the good life in China: Angelina Lei, 5, begins training early. NYTimes
Results: Broken Iron _____bowl
BBC: . . .. a Chinese idiom which referred to the now abolished system of guaranteed lifetime employment.
After the Communists came to power, all workers and farmers were put under state control. Their work units controlled every aspect of daily life, including the allocation of housing, food and clothing. They also decided who could marry and when, and who was allowed to have children. In return, work units would look after their workers for life. But China's transition from a centrally planned economy to a market economy has smashed the old guarantees. Millions of workers have been laid off as state-run firms have been restructured or shut down. Jobs for life are a thing of the past This has sparked angry protests from their workers, who complain they have been left without the welfare
Economist October 2007
Missing the barefoot doctors
Results: growing rural/_________ income gap and r________ gap
Results . . They now have a ________ market—in a communist country . .
The challenges are closely intertwined. Like Mr. Greenspan nearly a decade ago, Zhou Xiaochuan, the current governor of the People’s Bank of China, faces the knotty question of what to do about a speculative mania that has drawn millions of people with limited investing experience into betting their savings on the stock market. May 25 2007
Results: growth in ___________ products
A couple buying decorations in Beijing for the Chinese New Year http://www.wsj.com/news/articles/ SB10001424052702303448404577 412240579647310
.
. . . . . Not responsive to consumer demands
I was reminded the other day of a joke that went the rounds in Moscow in 1957. The Soviet Union, although dreadfully short of consumer goods, had managed to leap ahead of America in space by launching the first two orbiting satellites, one with a dog on board. Communist Chief Nikita Khrushchev boasted that America now lay defenseless before superior Soviet military technology.
As the joke had it, Khrushchev called a secret meeting of his war council to plan a knockout blow against the United States. Fifty tourists would be sent to America with suitcases containing miniaturized hydrogen bombs and would spread out to strategic locations. The bombs would be simultaneously detonated by an electronic command from Moscow.
Khrushchev asked his ministers whether anyone saw anything wrong with the plan. “It is a stupendous plan” came the chorus Finally, one minister spoke up. "But, Comrade Khrushchev, where do we find 50 suitcases?"
Results: F___________ D_____________ ___________ up Figure 3. Inward FDI in China (US$ billion), 1979–2004
Results: China is accepted into the__________ __________ ___________
Results: Legitimacy issues so party tries . . . “One China Policy” Village elections “Harmonious Society”
Results: _______imbalance for US
China's Xi urges officials to 'sweat' corruption out of system BEIJING
Tue Mar 18, 2014 6:57am EDT China's President Xi Jinping stands next to a Chinese national flag during a welcoming ceremony at the Great Hall of the People, in Beijing, November 13, 2013. BEIJING (Reuters) - Chinese President Xi Jinping urged rural officials on Tuesday to make "
spicy" efforts to "sweat" corruption out of their systems, state news agency Xinhua reported,
as he pressed on with his campaign to crack down on deep-rooted graft. "The weapons of criticism and self-criticism should be well-wielded, with some spice to make every party official blush and sweat a little," Xi said during a visit to a rural area in central China's Henan province called Lankao, Xinhua said
China executes corrupt Hangzhou and Suzhou officials July
2011 China has executed two officials from eastern cities after convicting them of corruption.
Xu Maiyong, a former vice-mayor of Hangzhou, and Jiang Renjie, who was vice-mayor of Suzhou, were put to death after their appeals were rejected.
Officials said Xu and Jiang took almost 300m yuan ($46m; £29m) by embezzling and taking bribes.
Corruption is one of the main causes of public discontent in China. Hundreds of officials are convicted every year.
But only a handful are executed, and it is extremely rare for two officials to be put to death on the same day.Xu was said to be well known for his extravagant lifestyle - reports said investigators found gold bullion and expensive jewellery at his home.
State-run Xinhua news agency reported that he used his power to interfere with project contracts and to help companies and people obtain land, promotions and tax breaks.
China is often criticised for its widespread use of the death penalty
Results
17 JANUARY 2013
Smog in Beijing
Patrick Chappatte,
The International Herald Tribune
China overtakes US as world's biggest CO2 emitter
Cyclists pass a factory in Yutian in China's north-west Hebei province. Photograph : Peter Parks/AFP guardian.co.uk, Tuesday 19 June 2007
As China Roars, Pollution Reaches Deadly Extremes
China’s industrial growth depends on coal, plentiful but polluting, from mines like this one in Shenmu, Shaanxi Province, behind a village store.
An industrial park built in Wuhai, in Inner Mongolia, along the Yellow River. In 1998, the city had only 4 factories; now there are more than 400. But the rapid industrialization has created a pollution nightmare for Wuhai, and with more development planned for the area, the demand for water is expected to skyrocket
Beijing’s Olympic Quest: Turn Smoggy Sky Blue
Beijing residents in Tiananmen Square, used to pea-soup smog, ignored a citywide stay-indoors warning on Thursday.
BEIJING — Every day, monitoring stations across the city measure air pollution to determine if the skies above this national capital can officially be designated blue. It is not an act of whimsy: with Beijing preparing to play host to the 2008 Olympic Games, the official Blue Sky ratings are the city’s own measuring stick for how well it is cleaning up its polluted air.
Thursday did not bring good news. The gray, acrid skies rated an eye-reddening 421 on a scale of 500, with 500 being the worst. Friday rated 500. Both days far exceeded pollution levels deemed safe by the World Health Organization. In Beijing, officials warned residents to stay indoors until Saturday, but residents here are accustomed to breathing foul air. One man flew a kite in Tiananmen Square.
Perpetual Haze During the three decades since Deng set China on a course toward market-style growth, rapid industrialization and urbanization have lifted hundreds of millions of Chinese out of poverty and made the country the world’s largest producer of consumer goods. But there is little question that growth came at the expense of the country’s air, land and water, much of it already degraded by decades of Stalinist economic planning that emphasized the development of heavy industries in urban areas.
For air quality, a
major culprit is coal
, on which China relies for about two-thirds of its energy needs. It has abundant supplies of coal and already burns more of it than the United States, Europe and Japan combined. But even many of its newest coal-fired power plants and industrial furnaces operate inefficiently and use pollution controls considered inadequate in the West.
Expanding car ownership, heavy traffic and low-grade gasoline have made autos the leading source of air pollution in major Chinese cities
. Only 1 percent of China’s urban population of 560 million now breathes air considered safe by the European Union, according to a World Bank study of Chinese pollution published this year. One major pollutant contributing to China’s bad air is particulate matter, which includes concentrations of fine dust, soot and aerosol particles less than 10 microns in diameter (known as PM 10).
Air Pollution in China
Attribution: Jianping Fan, Guangzhou, China
China and U.S. Debt The largest portion of U.S. debt, 68 cents for every dollar or about $10 trillion, is owned by individual investors, corporations, state and local governments and, yes, even foreign governments such as China that hold Treasury bills, notes and bonds. Foreign governments hold about 46 percent of all U.S. debt held by the public, more than $4.5 trillion. The largest foreign holder of U.S. debt is China, which owns more about $1.2 trillion in bills, notes and bonds, according to the Treasury.
In total, China
owns about 8 percent
of publicly held U.S. debt. Of all the holders of U.S. debt China is the third-largest, behind only the Social Security Trust Fund's holdings of nearly $3 trillion and the Federal Reserve's nearly $2 trillion holdings in Treasury investments, purchased as part of its quantitative easing program to boost the economy.