Transcript Paris Peace Conference - Mr. Quon's World History Blog

PARIS PEACE
CONFERENCE
THE CONCLUSION TO ONE WAR AND THE
INTRODUCTION TO ANOTHER
REVIEW
• World War I ends when Germany signs an Armistice
in late 1918
• The Paris Peace Conference is convened in 1919 to
iron out the details for a formal treaty.
ARMISTICE VS. PEACE TREATY
• Armistice: An agreement to stop fighting.
• Peace Treaty: An agreement to formally end a war.
OVERVIEW
• The Fourteen Points
• Paris Peace Conference
• Finding Peace After the War
• The aims of the Big Four
• The Treaty of Versailles with Germany
• Established the League of Nations
• The Other Treaties
THE FOURTEEN POINTS
WILSON’S FOURTEEN POINTS
• A list of ideas designed to prevent future war.
• German’s signed the armistice under the terms set
by the Fourteen Points.
FOURTEEN POINTS CONT’D
Major
Ideas:
Open Diplomacy
Free Trade
Freedom of the Seas
Multilateral Disarmament
National Self-Determination
Defeated Countries Didn’t Have to Pay “Reparations”
League of Nations Created
TIMELINE
The Fourteen Points Speech Given by Woodrow Wilson
Germany Signs Armistice Agreeing to the Terms of the Fourteen Points
The Paris Peace Conference Occurs to Iron Out the Details of an Official Peace Treaty
The Aims of the Big Four Conflict, Ultimately Resulting in the Treaty of Versailles; it is Less Favorable to Germany than the
Fourteen Points
Germany Forced to Signed
The Terms of the Treaty Created Conditions in Europe Which Ultimately Led to the Second World War?????
THE PARIS PEACE
CONFERENCE
THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE
• A meeting between the allies to set the terms of the
peace treaty.
• Not invited: Russia and Central Powers
THE BIG FOUR
USA:
Woodrow
Wilson
France:
George
Clemenceau
Britain: David
Lloyd George
Italy: Vittorio
Orlando
ACTIVITY
• You’ll be placed into groups of 5
• Each person in the group pick a country from the
following:
•
•
•
•
•
France
Britain
USA
Germany
Italy
• Await Instructions
AIMS OF THE BIG FOUR
Italy
•Wished to gain as much territory as possible and to assure
that the secret treaties between Italy and the allies were
followed
USA
•Woodrow Wilson wanted a “fair and lasting peace”
through the Fourteen Points and the League of Nations
France
•Wanted to make Germany weakened so it would never
start another war.
The United
Kingdom
•To expand its overseas colonies; to keep control of the
seas; to keep the UK economically viable; also wanted to
weaken Germany, but not as much as France.
THE CYCLE OF WAR
Propaganda
• Creates
Feelings of
Nationalism
and Othering
Othering
Nationalism
• Your people
are inferior.
• Our people are
superior.
GERMAN PROPAGANDA
• Example of Nationalism:
• Example of Othering:
FRENCH PROPAGANDA
• Example of Nationalism:
• Example of Othering:
BRITISH PROPAGANDA
• Example of Nationalism:
• Example of Othering:
AMERICAN PROPAGANDA
• Example of Nationalism:
• Example of Othering:
WHY WOULD PROPAGANDA,
NATIONALISM, AND OTHERING MAKE
DIPLOMACY DIFFICULT?
WHY WOULD PROPAGANDA,
NATIONALISM, AND OTHERING MAKE
DIPLOMACY DIFFICULT?
• Nationalism: Countries only cared about their own goals,
not those of other countries. Propaganda showed their
country as being superior or unique, and they could
care less about what was “right” or “just” – as long as
they got more out of the deal.
• Ex: Britain refusing Freedom to the Seas since it conflicted with
their naval power.
• Ex: America refusing the League of Nations since it conflicted
with their goals of isolationism.
• Othering: Countries were too angry at their enemies to
bother attempting diplomacy. Propaganda often
depicted them as being evil.
• Ex: France’s determination to weaken Germany.
OUTCOMES OF THE PARIS PEACE
CONFERENCE
• The Treaty of Versailles with Germany
• Four Other Treaties with Other Powers
THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qp
1cx5Q-imc
QUIZ
• Describe the changes in literature and art that
occurred after World War I. Who was “the Lost
Generation”?
TERMS OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES
• Article 231: “The War Guilt Clause”
• Germany forced to admit blame for the war.
• Forced to pay massive “reparations” (payments) to the
allies.
• German military reduced substantially
• Germany lost territory
WHICH OF THE FOURTEEN POINTS
ULTIMATELY PASSED?
Major
Ideas:
Open Diplomacy
Free Trade
Freedom of the Seas
Multilateral Disarmament
National Self-Determination
Defeated Countries Didn’t Have to Pay “Reparations”
League of Nations Created
WHICH OF THE FOURTEEN POINTS
ULTIMATELY PASSED?
Major
Ideas:
Open Diplomacy
Free Trade
Freedom of the Seas
Multilateral Disarmament
National Self-Determination
Defeated Countries Didn’t Have to Pay “Reparations”
League of Nations Created
GERMANY’S REACTION
The terms of the treaty were presented to the
Germans who complained of its severity
•
•
•
The Germans complained about nearly every clause. The
allies ignored all but a few complaints.
With no other option, the Germans signed the treaty.
‘Peace’ was signed in the Hall of Mirrors, at Versailles.
The Germans felt cheated by this treaty, because
virtually none of Wilson’s ‘Fourteen Points’ had
been included in the treaty.
•
•
The Germans called the treaty a ‘diktat’ because it was
dictated to them, without real consultation. The Weimar
government, especially Ebert who had signed the treaty,
was looked upon as traitorous.
AMERICA’S REACTION
• America refused to ratify the treaty.
• Congress refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles because:• The Republican majority in Congress wanted ‘isolation’
LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES
• German economy never regained traction
• Germans resented the treaty and especially the
“War Guilt Clause”
• The country becomes increasingly radicalized; they start
embracing the Nazi Party led by Adolf Hitler
THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8p
PmZm-zs-k
GOOD IDEA, BAD IMPLEMENTATION
• The United States not joining doomed the League of
Nations from the start.
• Economic sanctions not enough.
THE OTHER TREATIES
THE OTHER TREATIES
• Besides the Treaty of Versailles, four other Treaties are
signed setting up the conditions of peace with other
Alliance nations.
•
•
•
•
•
Treaty of Versailles: Germany
Treaty of St. Germaine: Austria
Treaty of Trianon: Hungary
Treaty of Neuilly: Bulgaria
Treaty of Serves: Ottoman Empire
• Partitioning of the German, Austrian, and Ottoman
Empires:
• Poland becomes a nation.
• Baltic States: Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia.
• Austria-Hungary becomes: Czechoslovakia, Austria, and
Hungary
• Balkans: Yugoslavia
THE MANDATE SYSTEM
• Pink = Mandates on behalf of the League of Nations
given to the French
• Green = Mandates on behalf of the League of
Nations to the British
THE MANDATE SYSTEM CONT’D
• Britain controlled: Iraq, Nauru, Palestine,
Transjordan, Tanganyika, half of Togoland, and half
of Cameroon.
• France controlled: Syria, Lebanon, half of
Cameroon, and half of Togoland.
THE TREATY OF LOCARNO
• 1925: Guaranteed Germany’s new western borders
with Belgium and France. Additionally, it allowed
Germany into the League of Nations.