Transcript Literature Review, Referencing and Abstracts

Referencing and Plagiarism
A Guide for students
Nick Hubbard
For more information see:
• http://www2.hud.ac.uk/cls/library/infolit/index.php
• www.apastyle.org
How to use literature in your assignments
• Plan your work
• You must acknowledge your sources - failure to do so
may result in charge of plagiarism
• Be evaluative - it is a key academic skill and good
projects exhibit this
• Be clear and concise and introduce only one idea per
paragraph
How to develop your discussion
• Draw together supportive and contradictory arguments
– Hubbard (2010) considered that a literature review chapter
should relate to the topic of the project and hence should have
an appropriate title whilst Bamford (2010) indicated that this is
not always necessary.
Citations (references)
• Provide citations whenever you use:
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direct quotations
paraphrases and summaries
borrowed ideas
facts that are not common knowledge
Quotations
• Select quotations that:
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develop a step in your argument
present striking, memorable phrasing
provide a strong, specific example
introduce a claim open to interpretation
summarize an author’s main points
Quotations
• When selecting quotations, avoid:
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quoting details
padding a thin argument with unnecessary quotations
quoting commonly known information
quoting blocks of text that could be summarized or quoted more
selectively
– quoting information you could state in your own words
Paraphrases
• rewriting of an author’s ideas in your own words
• you must fully rewrite the original language and original
sentence structure
Borrowed ideas
• borrowed ideas come in many forms, including original
concepts, observations, data, and logic.
• include a citation when you use:
– another author’s tables, maps or graphs
– another author’s data
– the organisation or logic of another author’s argument
Common knowledge
• you do not need to cite an idea which is standard
information in the discipline :
– Hong Kong SAR was created in 1997
• you do need to cite a fact which is not common
knowledge
– the third party logistics market promises unprecedented potential
in China (Zhongliang, 2002)
Develop good habits
Plagiarism often starts in the note-taking stage. As you
take notes, distinguish between paraphrases and direct
quotations. Copy quotations exactly as they appear,
and record all the information you will need for citations
and a list of references. If using an on-line source, do
not cut and paste text directly into your own draft.
Plagiarism
Do not succumb to temptation
You will be caught
You might not obtain an honours degree
What is referencing?
• Standardised method of acknowledging sources of
information and ideas
• We prefer you to use the Harvard style of referencing
• Referencing is necessary to avoid plagiarism, to enable
the reader to verify and follow-up quotations
• Tests on
http://www2.hud.ac.uk/cls/library/infolit/index.php
Referencing your work using the Harvard system
• See Blackboard
• See Blackboard for electronic references
Referencing books
Using the title page (not the front cover) note the:
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Author(s) R.R. Jordan
Title
Academic writing course
Year of Publication © 1999
Edition (if not the first) 3rd edition
Place of publication
Harlow
Publisher Pearson Education Limited
Jordan, R. R. (1999) Academic writing course 3rd
ed. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.
Referencing Journal/Magazine Articles
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Author
J Mercer
Year of publication 2004
Title of article Making the news
Title of journal Media History
Volume number (if present)
10
Part number (if present)
3
Page number(s)
187-199
Mercer, J (2004) ‘Making the news’ Media
History, vol. 10, part 3: pp187-199.
Referencing a Web site
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Author/editor/organisation
Year written (or last updated)
Title
URL
Date you accessed it
For future reference, print and keep a
copy of the web site