Transcript Sue`s Powerpoint - Cold war 1945-1991

Museum Entrance
Room 2
Room 3
Room 4
Artifact 1: Nikita Khrushchev
• Nikita Khrushchev rose from the
poverty of his youth to become
the most powerful Russian in the
Communist Party and
personification of the Cold War of
the 1950’s and early 1960’s.
• He became the dominant Soviet
leader after Stalin’s death in 1953.
In 1956, the tough Khrushchev
denounced Stalin for jailing and
killing loyal Soviet citizens. His
speech signaled the start of a
policy called destalinization.
• He helped organize a guerilla
army in Ukraine and the planning
of the defense of Stalingrad(today
called the Volgograd).
Image acquired at:
http://www.adclassix.com/images/55timenikitakhrushchev.j
pg
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Artifact 2: Non-Aligned
Movement
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•
•
The Non-Aligned Movement(NAM) was
created and founded during the
collapse of the colonial system and the
independence struggles of the peoples
of Africa, Asia, Latin America and other
regions of the world and at the height
of the Cold War.
During the early days of the movement,
its actions were a key factor in the
decolonization process, which led later
to the attainment of freedom and
independence by many countries and
peoples and to the founding of tens of
new sovereign States.
Through out its history, the Movement
of Non-Aligned Countries had played a
fundamental role in the preservation of
world peace and security.
Image acquired at:
http://mycatbirdseat.com/wpcontent/uploads/2012/08/nam-iran-summit.jpg
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Artifact 3:Soviet Army
• The Soviet Army is the name given to the
main land-based branch of the Soviet
Armed Forces between February 1946
until December 1991, though was not
taken fully out of service until 25
December 1993.
• Up until 25 February 1946, it had been
known as the Red Army. Established by
decree on 15(28)January 1918 “to
protect the population, territorial
integrity and civil liberties in the
territory of the Soviet State.”
• To maintain said strength range, Soviet
law minimally service obligation from
every able man of military age until
1967, when the Ground Forces reduced it
to a 2-year draft obligation.
Image acquired at:
http://vashadvokat.com/uploads/news/id83/SovietArmy.jpg
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Artifact 4: United Nations
• An international organization
established immediately after
WWII. It replaced the League of
Nations. In 1945, when the UN was
founded, there were 51 members;
193 nations are now members of
the organization.
• The UN’s mission to preserve
world peace was complicated in its
early decades by the Cold War
between the U.S and Soviet Union
and their respective allies.
• After the Cold War, the UN took on
major military and peacekeeping
,missions across the world with
varying degrees of success.
Image acquired at:
http://www.unaboulder.org/wpcontent/uploads/2013/10/undayflags.jpg
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Artifact 5: Marshall Plan
•
•
•
Image acquired at:
http://marshallplan.freeterritorytrieste.co
m/myPictures/MARSHALLLOGO.png
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•
Also known as the European Recovery
Program, channeled over $13 billion to finance
the economic recovery of Europe between
1948-1951
This successfully sparked economic recovery,
meeting its objective of ‘restoring the
confidence of the European people in the
economic future of their own countries and of
Europe as a whole. The plan is named for
Secretary of State George C. Marshall.
Soviet Union viewed this as an attempt to
interfere in the internal affairs of other states
and refused to participate.
The plan promoted European economic
integration and federalism, and created a
mixture of public organization of the private
economy similar to that in the domestic
economy of the U.S.
Artifact 6: NATO
Image acquired at:
http://www.coldwar.org/articles/40s/NorthAtl
anticTreatyOrganizationNATO.asp
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• NATO’s primary purpose was to unify
and strengthen the Western Allies’
military response to a possible
invasion of western Europe by the
Soviet Union and its Warsaw Pact
allies.
• In the early 1950’s NATO relied partly
on the threat of massive nuclear
retaliation from the U.S to counter the
Warsaw Pact’s much larger ground
forces.
• NATO later adopted a “flexible
response” strategy, which the U.S
interpreted to mean that a war in
Europe did not have to escalate to an
all-out nuclear exchange.
Artifact 7:Korean War
http://www.chrysopeia.com/images/army11
2kid.jpg
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• On June 25, 1950, 75000 soldiers
from the North Korea People’s
Army poured across the 38th
parallel.
• As the North Korean army pushed
into Seoul, the capital city of South
Korea, the U.S readied its troops for
a war against communism itself.
• Even though it failed to unify the
country, the U.S achieved its larger
goals, including preserving and
promoting NATO interests and
defending Japan. This war served
to encourage the U.S Cold War
policies of containment and
militarization.
Artifact 8:
th
38
• 38th parallel, popular name given
to latitude 38 N that in East Asia
roughly demarcates North Korea
and South Korea. The line was
chosen by U.S military planners at
the Potsdam Conference near the
end of WWII as an army
boundary, north of which the
U.S.S.R. was to accept the
surrender of the Japanese forces
in Korea and south of which the
Americans were to accept the
Japanese surrender. The line was
intended as a temporary division
of the country, but the onset of the
Cold War led to the establishment
of a separate U.S.
Parallel
http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3578/33742
35085_e11af448af_z.jpg?zz=1
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Artifact 9: Joseph Stalin
• Joseph Stalin(1878-1953) was the
leader of the Soviet Communist
Party from 1922 until his death in
1953. Following the death of V.I
Lenin, the first leader of Soviet
Russia, Stalin managed to win
complete control of the party, ruling
as a dictator for the next thirty years
• He led the Soviet Union through
WWII and –not without justificationbelieved that his country made the
greatest sacrifices to defeat Nazi
Germany.
http://price4prez.wikispaces.com/Joseph+Stalin
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Artifact 10: Fidel Castro
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•
•
•
Cuban resentment led to a popular revolution,
which overthrow Batista in January 1959. Fidel
Castro was the one who led this revolution.
Established the first communist state in the
Western Hemisphere after leading an overthrow
of the military dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista in
1959. He ruled over Cuba for nearly five decades,
until handing off power to his younger brother
Raúl in 2008.
Castro rejected democracy and declared himself in
favor of armed revolution.
In 1956, Castro and Guevara landed in Cuba with
a small band of insurgents, known as the ‘26th of
July Movement’, and began a guerrilla war against
http://www.freevector.com/site_media/preview_image
the government.
s/VectorPortal-Fidel-Castro.jpg
February 1959, be was sworn in as prime minister
of Cuba and announced the introduction of a
Marxist-Leninist programme adapted to local
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requirements.
Artifact 11:Communes
• Communes are larger collective
farms that the Great Leap Forward
called for. By the end of 1958, about
26000 communes had been created.
The average commune sprawled over
15000 acres and supported over
25000 people. In the strictly
controlled life of the commune,
peasants worked the land together.
They ate in communal dining rooms,
slept in communal dormitories, and http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Peopl
e%27s_commune_kitchen.jpg
raised children in communal
nurseries. And they owed nothing.
The peasants had no incentive to
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work hard when only the state
profited from their labor.
Artifact 12: Great Leap Forward
• Mao’s attempt to modernize China’s
economy so that by 1988, China would
have an economy that rivalled America.
This took place in 1958.
• Great Leap Forward is a plan that Mao
proclaimed to expand the success of the
first Five-Year Plan. It planned to
develop agriculture and industry.
• It took two forms: a mass steel
campaign, and the formation of the
people’s communes.
• The Great Leap Forward was a giant step
backward. Poor planning and inefficient
“backyard” , or home, industries
hampered growth.
• This plan was ended in 1961 after crop
failures caused a famine that killed
about 20 million people.
http://www.theepochtimes.com/n2/chinanews/chinese-rice-expert-reveals-death-toll-aftergreat-leap-forward-15224.html
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Artifact 13: Yalta Conference
•
•
Yalta Conference took place in a Russian resort
town in the Crimea from February 4-11 1945,
during WWII. At Yalta, U.S President Roosevelt,
British Minister Churchill, and Soviet Premier
Joseph Stalin made important decisions
regarding the future progress of the war and the
postwar world.
At Yalta, Roosevelt and Churchill discussed
with Stalin the conditions under which the
Soviet Union would enter the war against Japan
and all three agreed that, in exchange for
potentially crucial Soviet participation in the
Pacific theater, the Soviets would be granted a
sphere of influence in Manchuria following
Japan’s surrender. This included the southern
portion of Sakhalin, a lease at Port Arthur, a
share in the operation of the Manchurian
railroads, and the Kurile Islands. This
agreement was the major concrete
accomplishment of the Yalta Conference.
https://history.state.gov/milestones/1937-1945/yaltaconf
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Artifact 14: Warsaw Pact
• The formation of the
Warsaw Pact was in some
ways a response to the
creation of NATO, although
it did not occur until six
years after the Western
alliance came into being.
• Like NATO, the Warsaw
Pact focused on the objective
of creating a coordinated
defense among its member
nations in order to deter an
enemy attack.
http://hansocials11.weebly.com/nato-vs-warsawpact.html
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Artifact 15: Potsdam Conference
http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/stud
y_collections/bomb/large/documents/B04_0102_01.jpg
• Held near Berlin, the Potsdam
Conference(July 17-August 2, 1945)
was the last of the WWII meetings held
by the “Big Three” heads of state.
Featuring Truman, Churchill and his
successor, Attlee, and Soviet Premier
Stalin, the talks established a Council
of Foreign Ministers and a central
Allied Control Council for
administration of Germany.
• The leaders arrived at various
agreements on the German economy,
placing primary emphasis on the
development of agriculture and
nonmilitary industry.
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Artifact 16:Truman Doctrine
• Truman Doctrine helped
President Truman establish
the U.S providing political,
military, and economic
assistance to all democratic
nations under threat from
external or internal
authoritarian forces. The
Truman Doctrine effectively
reoriented U.S foreign policy,
away from its usual stance of
withdrawal from regional
conflicts not directly involving
the U.S, to one of possible
intervention in far away
conflicts
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Photograph
_of_President_Truman_with_members_of_his_Cabinet_and_othe
r_officials%2C_in_the_Cabinet_Room_of_the_White...__NARA_-_200610.jpg
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Sumin Woo
Sumin Woo is a research
historian who works with
ancient historical topics.
She has an excellent
communication skills that
helps her to communicate
with other historians,
archivists, and those
requesting the research.
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