Transcript Chapter 13: Teens and Drugs

Chapter 13: Teens and Drugs
13.1 Understanding Teens and Drugs
Is it a Drug or Not?
A drug is any substance other than food that changes a
person’s physical or psychological state.
• Not everything you take into your body is considered a
drug.
• Unlike food, drugs do not provide your body with any
nutrients that are necessary for life.
• But may many foods do contain drugs, although food
itself is not a drug.
• For example, chocolate and cola both contain the drug
caffeine.
13.1 Understanding Teens and Drugs
Taking Drugs Orally
• Drugs taken orally may be pills, capsules, or liquid.
• Pills, sometimes called tablets, are medicine in solid form.
• Capsules are tiny containers that hold a drug in powdered
or liquid form.
• After a pill or capsule has been swallowed, it is dissolved in
the stomach.
• And the medicine is absorbed into the bloodstream
through the stomach and small intestine.
• The blood carries the drug to the body’s cells, where it
begins to take effect.
13.1 Understanding Teens and Drugs
Taking Drugs Orally
• Some capsules have a coating that makes
them dissolve more slowly.
• These capsules are called control-release
capsules.
• This allows the body cells to take in the
medicine over a long period of time, rather
than all at once.
13.1 Understanding Teens and Drugs
Taking Drugs by Injection
• A shot is an injection of a drug into the body through a
special needle called a hypodermic needle.
• A doctor often gives an injection when he or she wants
a drug to act quickly or when a drug won’t work
properly if it is taken orally.
• Injection is the fastest and most powerful way for a
drug to reach the body and the brain.
• People who abuse injected drugs usually inject the
drugs directly into a vein.
• They often share hypodermic needles increasing the
risk of passing on infectious diseases with others.
13.1 Understanding Teens and Drugs
Taking Drugs by Smoking
• Nicotine is the most common drug smoked.
• Some illegal drugs like marijuana and crack
cocaine are smoked.
• When a person smokes, the chemicals in the
drug enter the lungs and pass through tiny
blood vessels into the bloodstream.
• From there, they are carried throughout the
blood stream.
13.1 Understanding Teens and Drugs
Taking Drugs by Smoking
• All smoke contains poisonous substances.
• Tobacco smoke contains nicotine, carbon
monoxide, and tar.
• Regular use of marijuana has effects on the
lungs that are similar to those caused by
tobacco.
13.1 Understanding Teens and Drugs
Inhaling Drugs
• Some drugs, such as those used to treat asthma,
are stored in air or gas and are then breathed in
through a device called an inhaler.
• Other drugs, such as those used to relieve nasal
congestion, are dissolved in water and inhaled
through the nose.
• In an operating room or dentist’s office,
anesthetics, drugs used to numb patients during
medical procedures, are sometimes given by
having the patient inhale the drugs.
13.1 Understanding Teens and Drugs
Inhaling Drugs
• Inhaling drugs is different from taking in drugs
by smoking.
• When a drug is inhaled, the user breathes the
drug directly into the lungs.
• In smoking, the drug is burned, and the
resulting smoke is then inhaled.
• Many drugs, such as nitrous oxide, are abused
by inhaling.
13.1 Understanding Teens and Drugs
Inhaling Drugs
• Inhaling substances to get “high” is extremely
dangerous.
• In fact, it can cause heart failure, brain
damage, suffocation, and instant death.
13.1 Understanding Teens and Drugs
Other ways That Drugs Are Taken
• There are many other ways to take drugs.
• One way is called a transdermal patch, it sticks
to the skin like a bandage.
• The medicine contained in the patch is slowly
released into the skin and absorbed into the
bloodstream.
13.1 Understanding Teens and Drugs
Other ways That Drugs Are Taken
• Some drugs do not need to enter the blood
stream to be effective.
• For example, ointments are applied directly to
the skin and do not enter the bloodstream.
Drops of medicine used for infections in the
ears or eyes also do not enter the
bloodstream.
13.1 Understanding Teens and Drugs
Same Drug, Different Forms
• Some drugs can be taken in more than one form.
• The way in which a drug is taken can change the
effects it has.
• For example, the antibiotic drug penicillin may be
taken orally in either pill or liquid form, or it may
be injected.
• When penicillin is injected, it has a much stronger
and faster effect than when it is taken orally.
13.1 Understanding Teens and Drugs
13.1 Learning Objectives
• Explain what a drug is.
• Describe five different ways drugs can enter
the body.
13.2 The Use of Drugs as Medicine
Prescription Medicine
A medicine is any substance used to treat
disease, injury, or pain.
• Medicine that can be bought only if a doctor
orders its use is called prescription medicine.
• To get prescription medicine, you must have a
written instructions from your doctor, known
as a prescription.
13.2 The Use of Drugs as Medicine
Prescription Medicine
• A prescription contains the patient’s name,
medicine’s name, the doctor’s signature.
• It also contains information on the proper
dosage, or how much of the medicine to take
and when to take it.
• As with any medicine, taking prescription
medicine exactly as instructed is important.
13.2 The Use of Drugs as Medicine
Prescription Medicine
• Taking too much of the drug can be harmful.
• Taking too little of the drug or taking it
incorrectly can keep it from working.
13.2 The Use of Drugs as Medicine
Over-the-Counter Medicine
• Any medicine that can be purchased without a
prescription is called over-the-counter medicine.
• These drugs are most often used for minor
problems, such as headaches or mild allergy
symptoms.
• Thousands of over-the-counter medicines exist,
including pain relievers and cold and cough
medicines.
13.2 The Use of Drugs as Medicine
Over-the-Counter Medicine
• If used improperly, over-the-counter medicines can be
harmful.
• You should take over-the-counter medicines just as you
take prescription medicines.
• Following the medicine’s instructions is important.
• Make sure you take the right dosage at the right time.
• Taking too much of any medicine, even an over-thecounter medicine, can be very dangerous.
13.2 The Use of Drugs as Medicine
13.2 Learning Objectives
• Explain the difference between prescription
medicines and over-the-counter medicines.
13.3 Drug Misuse and Abuse
Using Medicines Improperly
• Any use of a medicine that is different from
the intended use is drug abuse.
• This includes not following the directions.
• Whenever you take any kind of medicine, take
it exactly as instructed.
• Misuse can sometimes lead to overdose, drug
abuse, or addiction.
13.3 Drug Misuse and Abuse
Using Medicines Improperly
• If you are not sure how to take a medicine, talk to your
doctor or pharmacist.
• When taking medicine, follow these rules:
1. Follow all directions, not just the ones that are
convenient.
2. Never increase the amount of the medicine that you take
without your doctor’s permission.
3. Don’t stop taking a prescription medication without your
doctor’s permission, even if your symptoms are gone.
4. Never take someone else’s prescription medicine.
13.3 Drug Misuse and Abuse
When Does Misuse Become Abuse
• Drug abuse is misusing a legal drug on purpose or using
any illegal drug.
• Misuse of a drug often involves taking too much of the
drug.
• The person becomes used to the higher dosage and
craves more of the drug when he or she takes the
correct dosage.
• The person begins to take more of the drug more
often.
• This is how drug abuse starts.
13.3 Drug Misuse and Abuse
When Does Misuse Become Abuse
• People abuse drugs for many reasons.
• Often they like how the drug makes them feel.
• Sometimes, people abuse a drug because they feel that
the drug helps them perform better or helps them
forget problems.
• All drugs are dangerous if misused or abused.
• If you think you have been misusing or abusing a drug,
talk to a doctor or a trusted adult right away.
Teenage Drug Overdose - Brain Damage (7:16)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-PopgFCvm-0
13.3 Drug Misuse and Abuse
13.3 Learning Objectives
• Explain what drug misuse is.
• List four rules for using medicines properly.
• Explain how drug misuse can turn into drug
abuse.
13.4 Drug Addiction
What Is Addiction?
• The effects that some drugs produce can cause
people to want to use the drug over and over.
• When a person cannot control his or her use of a
drug, that person has a drug addiction.
• Drug addiction is the uncontrollable use of a
drug.
• Someone who is addicted to a drug continues to
take even if the drug is harming his or her health
and relationships.
13.4 Drug Addiction
What Is Addiction?
• A person with an addiction cannot control his or her
use of a drug he or she has become dependent on the
drug.
• Dependence on a drug means needing the drug in
order to function properly.
• If a person stops taking the drug, he or she will
experience withdrawal.
• Withdrawal is the negative symptoms that result when
a drug-dependent person stops taking a drug.
• There are two types of dependence: physical and
psychological.
13.4 Drug Addiction
Physical Dependence
• When a person abuses a drug long enough, his or
her body gets used to the drug.
• In fact chemical changes take place in the body.
• These changes make the body need a regular
supply of the drug to keep functioning normally.
• This type of dependence is called physical
dependence.
• Physical dependence is the body’s chemical need
for a drug
13.4 Drug Addiction
Physical Dependence
• Physical dependence is the body’s chemical need
for a drug.
• If a person with a physical dependence suddenly
stops taking the drug, he or she will quickly go
into withdrawal.
• A person in physical withdrawal may experience
vomiting, muscle and joint pain, fever, chills,
anxiety, and many other symptoms.
13.4 Drug Addiction
Psychological Dependence
• Some people also have a psychological need for a drug.
• This type of addiction is called psychological
dependence.
• Psychological dependence is a person’s emotional or
mental need for a drug.
• A person with psychological dependence craves the
drug and feels that he or she can’t get along without
the drug.
• Psychological dependence is sometimes even harder to
overcome than physical dependence.
• Psychological dependence can cause physical
withdrawal symptoms like sleeplessness, nervousness,
irritability, and depression
13.4 Drug Addiction
13.4 Learning Objectives
• Describe what drug addiction is, and explain
how it happens.
• Describe the difference between physical and
psychological dependence.
13.5 The Consequences of Drug Abuse
Problems with Family and Friends
• Drug abuse does not affect just the people using
drugs.
• It also affects the people in their lives.
• Drug abuse causes changes in a person’s
behavior, which can lead to problems at home.
• Teens who use drugs are likely to show anger
toward family members.
• People who abuse drugs often have serious mood
swings, which can make them difficult to talk to.
13.5 The Consequences of Drug Abuse
Problems with Family and Friends
• They may have violent outbursts and become
verbally or even physically abusive.
• Because they need money for drugs, people
who abuse drugs often steal from family
members.
• All of these behaviors can permanently
damage family relationships.;
13.5 The Consequences of Drug Abuse
Problems with Family and Friends
• Problems with other people aren’t limited to other people.
• Teenagers who abuse or become addicted to drugs lose
interest in activities that were once important to them.
• They may begin to care less about the friends with whom
they shared these activities.
• Friendships fall apart.
• At first, people who abuse drugs will spend time with new
friends who share their interests in drugs.
• Eventually, they may find that they do not have any friends
at all.
13.5 The Consequences of Drug Abuse
Problems at School
• Most teens who abuse drugs begin to have
serious problems at school.
• Most people who abuse drugs do not think or
care about the future, and they lose their interest
in education.
• In addition, learning becomes difficult for a
person who abuses drugs.
• A person who abuses drugs will have difficulty
concentrating, and he or she may forget from one
day to the next what happened in class.
13.5 The Consequences of Drug Abuse
Problems at School
• Teens who abuse drugs usually stop doing homework,
and their grades drop.
• They often skip school and school related activities.
• When they are in school, they may interfere with the
learning of others by disrupting classes.
• Teens who abuse drugs often get in trouble with school
authorities.
• Many teens who abuse or become addicted to drugs
eventually drop out of school.
13.5 The Consequences of Drug Abuse
Money Problems
• Abusing drugs is expensive.
• Drugs cost a lot of money.
• As a person’s drug problem gets worse, he or
she will need more and more money.
• These people will do anything to get money.
• Sometimes, they are harmful to other people.
• They will lie and cheat.
13.5 The Consequences of Drug Abuse
Money Problems
• They will borrow or steal money or property from
family members, friends, strangers, and even
stores.
• A person who abuses drugs doesn’t think about
the possible consequences of these acts.
• To a person with a drug problem, respecting
others’ property is less important than getting
drugs.
13.5 The Consequences of Drug Abuse
Health Problems
• Drug abuse and addiction can be very harmful to the body.
• The abuse of certain drugs can cause sores on the mouth
and skin.
• Many drugs can cause damage to internal organs, such as
the liver, kidneys, heart, and brain.
• Drugs that affect the brain can cause brain damage and
memory loss.
• Abusing drugs can lead to dangerous infections.
• For example, using dirty needles to do drugs can lead to
HIV infection, which causes AIDS>
13.5 The Consequences of Drug Abuse
Health Problems
• Drug abuse can cause many mental and
emotional problems.
• People who abuse drugs run a high risk of
depression.
• Emotional problems, such as nervousness and
fear, are also common.
• The chances for suicide increase with drug
abuse.
13.5 The Consequences of Drug Abuse
Health Problems
• Weight: Abusing drugs can result in severe weight
loss or weight gain, both of which are very
unhealthy.
• Lungs: Abusing drugs that are smoked or inhaled
can cause deadly lung disease, such as lung
cancer.
• Blood: Some drugs can cause dangerously high or
low blood pressure. Sharing needles during drug
use can pass on deadly diseases through the
blood.
13.5 The Consequences of Drug Abuse
Health Problems
• Nervous System: Abusing drugs can cause
permanent brain damage as well as mental
problems, such as depression.
• Heart: Abuse of certain drugs can cause heart
problems. An overdose of certain drugs can
cause the heart to stop beating.
13.5 The Consequences of Drug Abuse
Problems with the Law
• Some drugs are illegal.
• Even legal prescription drugs can be illegal if they are
used improperly.
• Developing a problem with drug abuse or addiction can
quickly lead to problems with the law.
• Getting arrested and going to court can affect a
person’s entire life.
• For example, if you have been convicted of a crime, it
may be harder to find a job because many employers
do not want to hire someone with a criminal record.
13.5 The Consequences of Drug Abuse
Problems with the Law
• A conviction for illegal drug use or drug related
crime can also result in a jail sentence
• Sentences for having or using illegal drugs are
becoming more and more serious.
• And when it comes to illegal drugs, you have to
get caught only once to go to jail.
• Time spent in jail not only means loss of freedom.
• It also means the loss of dreams for the future.
13.5 The Consequences of Drug Abuse
Problems with the Law
• Drug abuse can lead to other crimes as well.
• People with drug problems often steal to get
drug money.
• They may begin by stealing from family
members, but later they may steal from
others.
• Theft and burglary are very serious crimes,
and they carry very harsh punishments.
13.5 The Consequences of Drug Abuse
Problems with the Law
• Another type of crime associated with drug
abuse is driving under the influence, or DUI.
• When a person under the influence of drugs
operates a car, he or she puts everyone on the
road in danger.
• The law takes this action very seriously,
especially if anyone is hurt or killed in a car
accident.
13.5 The Consequences of Drug Abuse
13.5 Learning Objectives
• Describe the five types of problems that can
arise because of drug abuse or addiction.
13.6 Stimulants and Depressants
Stimulants
• Any drug that speeds up the activity of the
heart and the brain is a stimulant.
• Stimulants increase blood pressure and heart
rate and tighten blood vessels.
• Stimulants also raise the level of sugar in the
blood.
• All of these changes make a user feel more
awake and alert.
13.6 Stimulants and Depressants
Stimulants
• Dangers of using stimulants include heart
failure, brain damage, and stroke.
• Stimulants include legal drugs, such as
caffeine and nicotine, and illegal drugs, such
as cocaine and methamphetamine.
13.6 Stimulants and Depressants
Depressants
• Any drug that causes activity in the body and
brain to slow is called a depressant.
• The effects of depressants are opposite of the
effects of stimulants.
• Depressants reduce heart rate, blood
pressure, and breathing.
• People who take depressants become relaxed
or sleepy and react slowly.
13.6 Stimulants and Depressants
Depressants
• Many depressants are prescription drugs, such
as Valium and Xanax, that doctors use to treat
problems with nervousness and sleepiness.
• These drugs are extremely addictive.
• Taking too much of a depressant can cause
brain damage, heart failure, or death.
13.6 Stimulants and Depressants
Depressants
• The most commonly used depressant is alcohol.
• Heavy alcohol use increases the risk of health
problems such as heart disease, cancer, and liver
damage.
• When taken with another depressant, alcohol is
very dangerous.
• Misuse or abuse of any depressant can lead to
both physical and psychological dependence.
13.6 Stimulants and Depressants
13.6 Learning Objectives
• Describe the effects of stimulants.
• Identify dangers associated with the use of
stimulants.
• Describe the effects of depressions.
• Identify dangers associated with the use of
depressants.
13.7 Marijuana
What is Marijuana?
• Marijuana is the dried flowers and leaves of
the Cannabis plant.
• Marijuana has more than 200 slang names,
including pot, grass, weed, green, and Mary
Jane.
• Marijuana is usually smoked, although it can
be eaten.
13.7 Marijuana
What is Marijuana?
• The active chemical in marijuana is called THC.
• The way marijuana affects a person depends on how
much THC the marijuana contains, how the marijuana
is taken, and what the user’s expectations are.
• Some people feel nothing.
• Others feel relaxed or happy.
• Still others have severe panic attacks or feel unable to
move.
• Drinking alcohol or using other drugs at the same time
increases the effects of marijuana.
13.7 Marijuana
Is Marijuana Harmful?
• Marijuana can cause many problems, both physical and
psychological.
• The most common problems are the inability to
concentrate and lack of motivation.
• For this reason, many people who use marijuana
perform poorly in school or at work.
• Marijuana also affects coordination and the ability to
react quickly.
• This effect makes many activities, such as driving and
sports, difficult.
13.7 Marijuana
Is Marijuana Harmful?
• People who use marijuana for a long time become
psychologically dependent on the drug.
• These people are often irritable or unable to sleep if
they do not use the drug.
• Long-term users also need to take more of the drug in
order to get the same effect.
• Long-term use of marijuana also causes physical
damage.
• Smoking the drug can cause lung problems, including
coughing, frequent colds, and lung cancer.
13.7 Marijuana
13.7 Learning Objectives
• Describe the effects of marijuana.
• Identify the dangers of using marijuana.
13.8 Hallucinogens and Inhalants
Hallucinogens
• Drugs that cause a person to sense things that
don’t actually exist are called hallucinogens.
• Examples of hallucinogens include LSD and
magic mushrooms.
• Hallucinogens cause the user to experience
events in a distorted way or to sense things
that don’t exist.
• Hallucinogens also affect the emotions.
13.8 Hallucinogens and Inhalants
Hallucinogens
• A person may feel several emotions at once or
may swing rapidly from one emotion to
another.
• Being on hallucinogens is often frightening
and can cause panic or dangerous actions.
• Physical reactions to hallucinogens may
include nausea, increased heart rate and
blood pressure, and sweating.
13.8 Hallucinogens and Inhalants
Hallucinogens
• One long-term effect of hallucinogens is called
a flashback.
• A flashback is a sudden reliving of a
hallucinogen experience.
• Flashbacks can happen any time-even months
or years after a hallucinogen was last used.
13.8 Hallucinogens and Inhalants
Inhalants
• A very dangerous group of drugs that is
increasing in popularity is called inhalants.
• Inhalants are drugs that are inhaled directly and
enter the bloodstream through the lungs.
• Inhalants do not include drugs that are smoked.
• Many products, including common household
cleaning supplies, contain chemicals that can be
used as inhalants.
13.8 Hallucinogens and Inhalants
Inhalants
• When breathed in, inhalants replace the oxygen
that goes to the brain.
• Because they prevent oxygen from reaching your
brain, inhalants damage your brain with each use.
• Some inhalants can cause breathing to stop.
• Immediate death, coma, or serious brain damage
can result from using inhalants just once.
13.8 Hallucinogens and Inhalants
Inhalants
• The effects of inhalants are very intense but
very short-lived.
• These effects can include hallucinogens,
numbness, and the inability to move.
13.8 Hallucinogens and Inhalants
13.8 Learning Objectives
• Identify the dangers of using hallucinogens.
• Identify the dangers of using inhalants.
13.9 Staying Drug Free
Reasons to Be Drug Free
• No one else is quite like you.
• Because you are unique, you will have your own
reasons for wanting to stay drug free.
• Here are some of the best reasons to stay drug
free:
• Drugs can damage your health. They can cause
permanent effects, such as heart disease, brain
damage, or emotional problems.
13.9 Staying Drug Free
Reasons to Be Drug Free
• Here are some of the best reasons to stay drug free:
• Drugs can mess up your body and mind. They can
interfere with your ability to succeed in sports and
other activities. Drugs can damage your memory and
destroy your desire to accomplish things.
• Drugs can destroy your relationships. They can make
you forget about the people who are close to you. You
can lose interest in everything except drugs and can
behave in ways that are harmful to you and your
relationships with your family and friends.
13.9 Staying Drug Free
Reasons to Be Drug Free
• Here are some of the best reasons to stay drug
free:
• Drugs are illegal. Even legal drugs, such as
nicotine and alcohol, are illegal for someone
your age. If you use illegal drugs, you could
get arrested. Using drugs can lead to other
illegal behaviors. Going to jail can ruin your
future.
13.9 Staying Drug Free
Ways to Stay Drug Free
• Participate in school clubs or get involved in
sports or activities, such as drama or music
• Develop a hobby
• Get involved in community service
• Play games with friends, read a book, or write
a story.
13.9 Staying Drug Free
Ways to Stay Drug Free
• Identify students who you think are using drugs, and
stay away from them. They may pressure you to do
drugs.
• Identify places and situations where drugs are likely to
be used, and stay away from these situations.
• Learn ways to handle stress in your life so you won’t
feel tempted to try to feel better by using drugs.
• Stay connected to a trusted adult, such as a parent, a
coach, a relative, or a teacher.
13.9 Staying Drug Free
13.9 Learning Objectives
• List four reasons to remain drug free.
• Identify five ways to refuse drugs.
• Describe activities and skills that can help one
avoid drugs.