Transcript PowerPoint-presentasjon

Experiences concerning the
implementation of the Bologna
process in Hungary
Prof. György BAZSA
President of HESC
Austrian–Hungarian Joint Meeting on
Cooperation in Higher Education
Vienna, 19 December, 2005
A Report on the
„Bologna Hungaricum”
presented in the
Collegium Hungaricum
The European landscape of higher education:
 Bologna Declaration (EHEA in 2010)
 communiqués: Prague, Berlin, Bergen
• the degree system: 2 and 3 cycles
• recognition of degrees and study periods
• diploma supplement
• European credit system (ECTS)
• quality assurance (ENQUA)
• student and staff mobility
• higher education and research (ERA)
• European dimension
• lifelong learning
• social dimensions
Hungarian landscape of higher education
• number of institutions
• ratio of students - %
State
Private
Church
Total
Unis
Colleges
Total
18
59%
2
1%
5
3%
25
63%
13
26%
12
8%
22
3%
47
37%
31
85%
14
9%
27
6%
72
100%
Present (running out) two tear structure:
 University programmes/degrees (science
oriented) – 5-6 years
 College (Fachhochschule) programmes/
degrees (practice oriented) – 3-4 years
 PhD programmes/degrees (3 years)
 Higher vocational programmes / no degree
(2 years)
Student status and study ways
Study funding:
• state funded: basic programme + 2 semesters funded. New Act: 12 semesters funded
• self funded: tuition fee varies, common in
all institutions (state and private)
Study ways:
• regular (5 days a week)
• corresponding (+ evening) the laters
mainly for a second degree).
„Bologna Hungaricum” – legal background
[1993: first Act on HE (main amendments in
1996 and in 999 → integration of institutions)]
2005 (13th December): new Act („Austrian origin”)
- Bologna structure
- increased institutional autonomy
(Rector + Senate + Economic Advisory Board)
- very high economic and financial freedom
- reduced state influence (strong HRC rights!)
- stable normative financing (50% training,
25% research, 25% operation)
 Government decree on Bologna structure (today only B)
„Bologna Hungaricum” – early stage
1999 – 2002: „signing and meditation”
2002: HE Conferences (HRC, CDC) started
common elaboration of the Bologna structure
Framework:
• HE Bologna Committees and Subcommittees
• HE + Ministry: National Bologna Committee
Timescale:
 2004: first four pilot B programmes started
 2005: ~35% Bachelor enrolment
 2006: only Bachelor programmes allowed
„Bologna Hungaricum” – on halfway
107 Bachelor programmes are accredited and
released by government decree –
2006 is „ante portas” – Enrolment information book appeared on 15th December 2005.
Masters programmes are mainly in preparation
– only two dozens are accredited. There is a
provisory list of ~ 200 planned M programmes.
HE Act requires at least one M programme for
each B programme. We expect around 200300 M programmes in the near future.
„Bologna Hungaricum” – degree structure
Bachelor: mainly 180 or 180+30* (practice)
– rarely 210 or 240 credits
Master:
B+M minimum 300 (no exceptions!)
M: mainly 120, rarely 90,
some managers only 60 credits.
Undivided M in medicine (360), dentistry, pharmacy, veterinary, law, architecture (300)
PhD degree: formally 180 credits of training and
research (3 years state stipend)
+ Thesis and defence (since 1993)
The Bologna pyramid (courtesy OM)
Masters (2-5 sem.)
Bachelor programmes (6-8 semesters)
„Bologna Hungaricum” – specialities
 Higher vocational education (~ US community college): 120 credits – from those 30
or 60 are accepted in defined Bachelor programmes. --- It is not a HE degree.
 +30* credits: work placement (at several Bprogrammes and at teacher training).
 Teacher training:
for lower elementary – Bachelor, 240 credits
for upper elementary and secondary: only
Master, 300 + 30* credits, only 2 subjects.
„Bologna Hungaricum” - inputs
General requirements for Bachelor programmes:
„Abitur” (8+4 years of study)
 60% (from 2006 65%) on a 120 point scale
[Before 2005: ranking based 50% on secondary
school results + 50% HE entry examination]
From 2005: ranking the applicants based 100%
on the results of the new national standard
„Abitur” (medium and enhanced level) –
HE institutions are excluded from selection
Enrolment in Master and PhD programmes is an
institutional right (for M it is not yet clear)
„Bologna Hungaricum” - contents
Each programme has a „learning and outcomes
requirements” document –
- prepared by institution(s)
- accredited by Hung. HE. Accr. Comm.
- decreed by minister
„Melting” the present mainly academic university
and mainly professional college programmes
into a common Bologna Bachelor seems to be
difficult: tradition, institutional habit and interests are too strong. (E.g. Fachhochschulen
prefer +30* credits, unis don’t like it so much.)
„Bologna Hungaricum” - outputs
Bologna requirements: degrees should be accepted both by labour market and by next
HE programmes. (There are no separate
academic and professional programmes.)
Ideal case: learning and outcome requirements
- learning is determined by Academia
- outcomes by labour market.
We can expect a Hungarian „Bachelor wellcome”
from the labour market if we provide broad labour
skills and competencies: a lot to be do!
„Bologna Hungaricum” – system
General system of programmes:
 14 training fields (agriculture, humanities, sosocial sciences, informatics, law, military, eco
nomics, technical, medicine, teacher training,
sport, natural sciences, art, art-transmission).
 ~ 50 training branches (e.g. inside humanities
Hungarian literature, history, modern and antique philology, psychology, free humanities).
Bachelor enrolment into training branches!
 107 training programmes (some of those with
further specialities)
„Bologna Hungaricum” – financing
Formula based: # of students × normative
This follows the national average salary (-2y)
Financing Bachelor
group
Master
PhD
H. Voc.
First
100
175
250
100
Second
150
262
375
150
Third
225
400
---
225
+ research performance + operation costs
„Bologna Hungaricum” – ratios
L.m.
PhD: 3%
L.m.
M: 35%
Labour
market: 65%
L.m.
Bachelor: 100%
~ 50.000 funded
[~60-70.000 t.fee?]
H.Voc.p.
~10.000
„Bologna Hungaricum” – problems
 Master system is not yet elaborated: freshmen
do not know precise future possibilities.
 There are many doubts about the outcomes
of the new teacher training system.
 Labour market is not well represented in the
curriculum planning process.
 Academic and professional teaching mentality
melt very slowly.
 At universities almost the whole curriculum
of 5 the years programmes is stuffed into the 3
years Bachelor programmes.
„Bologna Hungaricum” – problems
 Institutions, Hungarian Accreditation Committee
and Minister haven’t always common platform.
 Neither enrolment criteria for M programmes,
nor distribution algorithm of state funded
Master places are elaborated.
 Significant part of Academia (and the present
political opposition) whish free selection between old or new programmes, disagree with
the compulsory Bologna-system.
 Present funding is poor in Hungarian HE – the
atmosphere is not reform-oriented.
„Bologna Hungaricum” – challenges
 effective PR of Bologna
- for the incoming pupils and their parents
- for the Academia (new teaching concept)
- for the labour market (new skills)
forms: road shows, media, fora, net etc.
 creating a good Master programme-system
- vertical and cross B → M pathways
- flexible for labour market
 managing the entire spectrum of the
Bologna Declaration → EHEA 2010
„Bologna Hungaricum”
Ich danke für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit!
Köszönöm figyelmüket!