Transcript The Effects of Alcohol Consumption Habits on Parenting Style

Katie Hanslits and Stephanie Collins
Hanover College
Heavy Drinking Habits Among Parents
•Children of alcoholics have been shown to have less
emotional support and monitoring. Heavy drinking by
both parents is correlated with permissiveness in
parenting (van der Zwaluw et all 2008).
• Problematic drinking is associated with poor
parenting and authoritarian or permissive parenting
styles (Keller et all 2005).
Parenting Styles
Three different parenting styles (Baumrind, 1966).
Permissive: parent attempts to behave in a non-punitive,
acceptant and affirmative manner towards the child's
impulses, desires, and actions.
Authoritarian: parent attempts to shape, control, and
evaluate the behavior and attitudes of the child in
accordance with a set standard of conduct formulated by a
higher authority.
Authoritative: parent attempts to direct the child's activities
but in a rational, issue-oriented manner.
Parenting Styles
• Parenting styles have a long term effect of overall well
being of child. Having parents with authoritative
styles of parenting elicit higher levels of well-being in
the child (Huppert et al., 2010).
• Children with mothers who are assessed to be
authoritarian in their parenting styles are less well
behaved in the classroom (Reine, 2001).
Outcomes for the Children
• Parental problem drinking has been associated with
negative events in their child’s life.
--303 families of 4-6 graders
--Parents and children were interviewed and tested
• Indirect relationship between parental problem
drinking and parenting
--Children with parents who were heavy drinkers were
significantly more likely to experience negative life
events (Roosa, 1993).
Basis for Research Question
Heavy
Drinking By
the Parent
Heavy
Drinking By
the Parent
Child’s Health
and Wellbeing
Parenting
Style
Child’s Health
and Wellbeing
Hypotheses
 Parents with heavy drinking habits will tend to
have more permissive and authoritarian parenting
styles compared to light drinkers
 Nondrinkers and light drinkers will tend to have
more authoritative parenting styles
Participants
Participants were obtained online through Psychological
Research on the Net and Facebook
• N=63 (Male = 10, Female = 50, Did not wish to answer= 3)
• Ethnicity
• Caucasian 69.8%, African-American 11%, Other 19.2%
• Average Income: $37,111.37
• Age Range: 18-63 years old
• Number of children (M= 2.07)
Measures: Parenting Styles
Parental Authority Questionnaire (Buri 1991)
Permissive(.74) Authoritarian(.86) Authoritative (.83)
Permissive
Ex: As a parent, I felt that in a well-run home, the
children should have their way in the family as often as
parents do.
Authoritarian
Ex: Even if my children did not agree with me, I felt that it
was for their own good if they were forced to conform to
what I thought was right.
Authoritative
Ex: I have always encouraged verbal give-and-take
whenever I have felt that family rules and restrictions
were unreasonable.
Measures: Drinking Habits
Heavy Drinking Questions
1. How many standard alcoholic beverages do you
consume a day?
2. On nights when you are in a social setting, how many
standard drinks do you consume?
3. Do you ever drink because you are experiencing
difficult emotions?
Procedure
• Participants will find survey located on the designated
website
• Informed Consent
• Parenting style assessment and drinking habits
obtained through a survey
-Demographics will be obtained at the beginning of
the survey
• Debriefed, thanked, and given a link to find the results
Results
35.000
Scale Score
30.000
25.000
20.000
Light
15.000
Heavy
10.000
5.000
.000
Permissive
Authoritarian
Parenting Styles
Authoritative
Results: Education
Lower Education
Higher Education
40.0000
35.0000
Light
35.0000
Heavy
30.0000
Score Scale
30.0000
25.0000
25.0000
20.0000
20.0000
15.0000
15.0000
10.0000
10.0000
5.0000
5.0000
.0000
.0000
Permissive
Authoriatrian
Authoritative
Parenting Style
Permissive
Authoriatrian
Authoritative
Parenting Style
Discussion
• Parental priorities shift and Responsibility Slips
(Haugland, 2005)
• Control changes (Huckstadt, 1987)
• Education level (McCarthy et al., 2002)
• Experience of Cognitive Dissonance, Labeling, and
Occupational Stress
• Better reasoning in light drinkers (Williams & Skinner,
1990)
Implications
 Parents influence their child’s life
 Stronger support for heavier drinking parents and
alcoholic parents
 Effects of permissive parenting on the child
 Risk of higher education, drinking, and cognitive
dissonance
Limitations
 Small Sample of heavy drinkers
 Number of questions assessing alcohol consumption
habits and specificity
 Nature of alcohol consumption habits questions
 Gender
References

Baumrind, D. (1966). Effects of Authoritative Parental Control on Child Behavior, ChildDevelopment, 37(4), 887-907.

Huppert, F. A.; Abbott, R. A.; Ploubidis, G. B.; Richards, M.; Kuh, D.; Psychological Medicine: A Journal of Research in
Psychiatry and the Allied Sciences, Vol 40(9), Sep, 2010. pp.
1507-1518. [Journal Article]

Keller, P. S., Cummings, E., & Davies, P. T. (2005). The role of marital discord and parenting in relations between
parental problem drinking and child adjustment. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46(9), 943-951.
doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00399.x

Maynard, Dona E.; Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, Vol 60(6-B), Jan,
1999. pp. 2988. [Dissertation]

Pelham, W. r., & Lang, A. R. (1999). Can your children drive you to drink?: Stress and parenting in adults interacting
with children with ADHD. Alcohol Research & Health, 23(4), 292-298. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.

Roosa, M. W., Tein, J., Groppenbacher, N., Michaels, M., & Dumka, L. (1993). Mothers' parenting behavior and child
mental health in families with a problem drinking parent. Journal of Marriage & the Family, 55(1), 107-118.
doi:10.2307/352962

Stout, M. Lisa; Mintz, Laurie B.; Journal of Counseling Psychology, Vol 43(4), Oct, 1996. pp. 466-472. [Journal Article]

Tildesley, E. A., & Andrews, J. A. (2008). The development of children's intentions to use alcohol: Direct and indirect
effects of parent alcohol use and parenting behaviors. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 22(3), 326-339.
doi:10.1037/0893-164X.22.3.326

van der Zwaluw, C. S., Scholte, R. J., Vermulst, A. A., Buitelaar, J. K., Verkes, R., & Engels, R. E. (2008). Parental
problem drinking, parenting, and adolescent alcohol use. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 31(3), 189-200.
doi:10.1007/s10865-007-9146-z
Questions?