Transcript Heliostat Optical Performance Assessment

Concentrated Solar Thermal Energy
CSIRO Research & Applications
Tania Ritchie
Hunter Environmental Institute seminar
Newcastle, June 2011
Overview
1. Background
• basics
• cost
• savings
2. CSIRO
1. Background
•
Solar thermal technologies
•
Current costs
•
Cost saving potentials
2. Solar thermal research at CSIRO
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
3. Conclusion
•
•
•
•
•
Solar fuels
Solar air turbine
Heliostat development
Advanced steam generation
Advanced energy storage
3. Conclusion
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
Solar Energy
• Photovoltaics
• Solar Thermal Energy
1. Background
• basics
• cost
sunlight
sunlight
electricity
heat
• savings
2. CSIRO
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
3. Conclusion
other uses
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
electricity
Solar Thermal Energy
Dish
1000°C
1. Background
• basics
Tower
900
• cost
800
• savings
700
2. CSIRO
• solar fuels
Point
focus
600
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
500
• steam
• storage
400
3. Conclusion
300
Trough
Linear
focus
200
100
0°C
Non-concentrated
solar energy
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
Linear
Fresnel
Solar Thermal Energy
Dish
1000°C
1. Background
• basics
Tower
900
SES Test Facility,
USA
• cost
800
• savings
700
2. CSIRO
ANU
Big Dish
Point
focus
PS20, Seville
• solar fuels
600
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
500
• steam
• storage
400
3. Conclusion
300
200
100
0°C
Trough
Linear
focus
Nevada Solar One
Non-concentrated
solar energy
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
Linear
Fresnel
Liddell Power
Station, NSW
Solar Thermal Energy
Nature,
1000°C
Sept 1882
1. Background
• basics
900
• cost
800
• savings
700
2. CSIRO
• solar fuels
Point
focus
600
Nature, Jan
1884
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
500
• steam
• storage
400
3. Conclusion
300
Linear
focus
200
100
0°C
Non-concentrated
solar energy
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
Global developments
1. Background
plants
GWe
Operational
39
1.27
Trough
Under
demonstration construction
29
1.93
67
17.53
Cumulative
Operational MWe
• basics
• cost
• savings
2. CSIRO
Under
development
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
Trough commercialisation
• steam
Trough
• storage
3. Conclusion
Tower commercialisation
Tower demonstration
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
Tower
Will solar energy be cost-competitive?
• Plant at Longreach with 6 hrs storage
1. Background
US Roadmap
• basics
CSIRO/Aurecon
models
• cost
• savings
2. CSIRO
Troughs
(now)
Troughs
(2017)
Towers
(now)
Towers
(2020)
• solar fuels
Capital, /kWe
8119
4891
7836
5675
$4890/kWe
• sol. brayton
LCOE, c/kWh
22.3
13.5
22.6
16.4
13 c/kWh
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
3. Conclusion
• Scope for another 10-15% reduction if alternative HTF found
Source: Concentrating solar power – drivers and opportunities for cost-competitive electricity,
CSIRO/Aurecon March 2011
www.garnautreview.org.au
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
Decreasing the cost
1. Background
• basics
• cost
Cost Saving Opportunities
CSIRO Research Challenge
Power block and heliostat
economies of scale
Low cost and high performance
heliostats, small modular MW (510MW) technologies matched to
markets for early deployment
Technical maturity – component
and ongoing costs
Low maintenance heliostats,
improved reliability of components
Increased plant efficiency
Higher temperature, higher solar
concentration ratios, improved
optical performance, higher
receiver efficiency, higher
temperature storage media
• savings
2. CSIRO
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
3. Conclusion
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
CSIRO Solar Field 1
1. Background
CSIRO Solar Field 1
• 170 point focus mirrors
• basics
• cost
• 500 kWth
• savings
• T ≈ 1000°C at receiver
2. CSIRO
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• Reforms natural gas to
SolarGas with 26%
embodied solar energy
• steam
• storage
3. Conclusion
H2O+CH4
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
CO+3H2
CSIRO Solar Field 1
1. Background
• basics
• cost
• savings
2. CSIRO
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
3. Conclusion
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
CSIRO Solar Field 1
1. Background
• basics
• cost
• savings
2. CSIRO
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
3. Conclusion
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
CSIRO Solar Field 2
1. Background
CSIRO Solar Field 2
• 451 point focus mirrors
• basics
• cost
• >1000 kWth
• savings
• T ≈ 1000°C at receiver
2. CSIRO
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
3. Conclusion
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
• Heats air to run a gas
turbine, producing
electricity
CSIRO Solar Field 2
1. Background
• basics
• cost
• savings
2. CSIRO
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
3. Conclusion
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
Heliostat development
1. Background
• basics
• cost
• savings
2. CSIRO
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
3. Conclusion
• Advanced heliostat
design
• Heliostat quality control
• Closed-loop pointing
control
• Precise targeting
• Raytracing –
predicting performance
• Flux mapping –
confirming performance
• Glare & safety analysis
Raytrace
predictions
M12
M13
M14
M15
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
Photographs
Advanced steam project
1. Background
• basics
• Advanced Steam-Generating Receivers for High-Concentration
Solar Collectors
• Duration: 3½ years from January 2010
• Budget: $9.695M
• Major Works:
• cost
• savings
2. CSIRO
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
•
•
•
•
Steam receivers to match highest efficiency commercial turbine
Superheating receivers
Modelling of solar steam systems
Hybrid steam/thermoelectric receivers
• storage
3. Conclusion
CSIRO.
CSP at CSIRO
Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
Thermal storage
1. Background
• basics
• cost
• savings
2. CSIRO
e-
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
Hot and cold
storage tanks
• steam
• storage
3. Conclusion
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
Heat exchange
with process
Thermal storage
1. Background
• basics
• cost
• savings
2. CSIRO
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
3. Conclusion
Image credit: Andasol 1
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
Storage costs
1. Background
• basics
• cost
• savings
Only accessible to solar thermal
2. CSIRO
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
3. Conclusion
Source: Sandia CST Roadmap study; Energy Storage Association. Slide: Cameron Briggs
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
Storage benefits
1. Background
• cost
• savings
Irradiance (W/m2)
2. CSIRO
6 hr
2000
1800
$600
1600
Max. price
(summer)
1400
Jun
Dec
• solar fuels
1200
• sol. brayton
• storage
$500
$400
• heliostats1000
• steam
$700
4 hr
Max. solar
$300
800
Max. price
(winter)
600
3. Conclusion400
$200
$100
200
0
$0
0:00
3:00
6:00
9:00
12:00
Time of Day
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
15:00
18:00
21:00
NEM price $/MWh
• basics
Advanced storage project
1. Background
Duration: 3 years commencing January 2010
Budget: $8.632M
• basics
• cost
• Enable very high temperature thermal storage for
dispatchable power
• savings
2. CSIRO
• Storage temperatures above 700ºC
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• Industrial applications
• Higher energy density / Lower inventory of storage materials
• Requires identification and development of new Heat Transfer
and storage materials
• steam
• storage
3. Conclusion
• Integration of High Temp Storage and Steam systems
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
Conclusion
1. Background
• basics
• CSP has the potential to become a low cost
technology
• cost of electricity can be reduced from around 23c/kWh
currently to 13 c/kWh by 2020
• Improvements below 10 c/kWh are technically feasible
• cost
• savings
2. CSIRO
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• CSIRO’s research is focused on achieving these
cost reductions.
• steam
• storage
3. Conclusion
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
Thank you
Tania Ritchie
[email protected]
Contact Us
Phone: 1300 363 400 or +61 3 9545 2176
Email: [email protected] Web: www.csiro.au
Can solar energy meet demand?
The Solar Resource
1. Background
• basics
• cost
• savings
2. CSIRO
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
3. Conclusion
Averaged solar irradiation 1990-2004. Ecole des Mines de Paris / Armines 2006.
Australia’s electricity
requirements met by
50km x 50km
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
CSIRO Solar Field 2
1. Background
Near term commercial
opportunity for CSP in Australia.
• basics
• cost
• savings
2. CSIRO
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
3. Conclusion
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
• Sun in, electricity out
• Suitable for distributed
generation at the 1-10MWe
range
• Water free
• Good balance between risk
and financing for the
Australian market
• Existing markets exist in
which it can compete
Global developments
PS10 & PS20,
Spain
1. Background
• basics
Gemasolar, Spain
Image credit: Abengoa
• cost
• savings
2. CSIRO
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
3. Conclusion
eSolar,
USA
Image credit: Gemasolar
Image credit: eSolar
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar