Transcript Rapid Needs Assessment

Rapid Needs
Assessment
Neighborhood Assessment following a major incident.
Lamorinda Law, Fire, CERT, HOA and Radio
February 10, 2014
Good incident information
drives good decision making.
The ability of local governments to
perform a Rapid Needs Assessment
accurately and within the first few
hours after an incident or emergency
is critical to providing a response
designed to save lives and support life
sustaining actions.
FEMA G557
Objectives
Our objectives during this presentation are to:
• Understand the need for assessments
• Determine what data is needed
• Determine how the data is obtained
• Learn to use the new form and the process to
transfer the data to where it is needed
Assessment Phases
Assessment is Accomplished in 3 Phases
1. Rapid Needs Assessment (RNA) takes place
during or immediately after the event and
focuses on lifesaving needs, imminent hazards,
critical lifelines and available resources.
2. Preliminary Damage Assessment (PDA) identifies
and affixes a dollar value to damages.
3. Combined Verification includes a detailed
inspection of damages to individual sites.
Community Hazards
What hazards do we face in the Lamorinda area?
• Earthquake
• Wildfire
• Flood
• Hostage / Shooting
• Hazardous Materials Spill
• BART issue
• Others?
Why is Damage Assessment
Important?
• First Step to Recovery!
• Assists in identifying life safety issues.
• Assists in identifying resources needed, i.e.
manpower, equipment, supplies.
• Assists in identifying available resources.
• Gives information to those that need to plan,
coordinate, and act on the incident.
• Provides an accurate account and extent of the
emergency by providing information in a
standardized manner.
Who can do it?
Community partners:
• are “distributed” in a community.
• have an ability to communicate independent of
normal communications methods.
• have a rapid response capability.
• can readily adapt.
• are available to participate.
• are strongest during overnight hours when Law
Enforcement is weakest.
What are First Responders doing?
• Law Enforcement officers will be overwhelmed and on
their own. Mutual Aid resources will be hours or days
away. They will concentrate on major incidents.
• MOFD Fire crews will begin with pre-assigned major
route “Windshield Surveys” with instructions to “Do
not stop driving to engage in operations” except “only
stop to extinguish small fires that may lead to
conflagration” and perform “light rescue”.
• One MOFD ambulance crew will be reserved to provide
medical care to first responders.
• ConFire crews will wait outside their stations for
dispatch by Battalion Chiefs.
The “Windshield Survey”
A visual inspection of an area or specific
object (a neighborhood, a house, a
bridge for example) in a rapid fashion
frequently done from a vehicle through
the “windshield”.
The Form
Rapid Needs Assessment form, Rev. 02/05/2014
2/10/2014
Ann Smith
212-1234

1
2/10/2014
Ann Smith
212-1234

1
Lafayette 17-C
1415 620 N Silverado Dr
S
S S O

1415 622
S
S S O
 
B
2
Tree down across road
Roof hole, side wall, O2 needed
2/10/2014
Ann Smith
212-1234

1
Lafayette 17-C
1415 620 N Silverado Dr
S
S S O

1415 622
S
S S O
 
1420 623
S
O S O
1425 624
S
S S O
1427 625
S
S S O
1430 627
S
S S O
1435 N37
52.25052
W122 5.96628
L
B

2
Tree down across road
Roof hole, side wall, O2 needed
1
1
4
2nd flr collapse, red trapped in bedroom



Strong gas smell, pipeline?
2/10/2014
Ann Smith
14:40
212-1234
Fred Blake
284-7025

1
1
Lafayette 17-C
1415 620 N Silverado Dr
S
S S O

1415 622
S
S S O
 
1420 623
S
O S O
1425 624
S
S S O
1427 625
S
S S O
1430 627
S
S S O
1435 N37
52.25052
W122 5.96628
L
B

2
Tree down across road
Roof hole, side wall, O2 needed
1
1
4
2nd flr collapse, red trapped in bedroom



Strong gas smell, pipeline?
The Form Details
Common terminology for describing damage
The 4 Degrees of Damage
• Affected
• Minor Damage
• Major Damage
• Destroyed
Affected
The house has a
tree on it. The
roof is intact, the
windows appear
ok, and the
house looks very
livable. This
residence is
“affected”.
Affected
Masonry building
with exposed
cracks. Building
my have
additional
damage but on
the outside, it
appears mostly
normal and likely
functional.
Affected
Less than 2” of
water on floor.
Foundation
intact. No
obvious
structural
damage.
Affected
This category includes dwellings with minimal
damage to structure and/or contents and the
home is habitable without repairs.
Minor Damage
The house has a
tree on it. The
roof is damaged,
but only one
area of the
residence is
affected. It’s
repairable.
Damage limited
to 1 wall or roof.
Minor Damage
Partial wall
collapse but
clearly
repairable. Not
a complete wall
failure; building
probably needs
further
technical
inspection.
Minor Damage
No Basement. Less than 1’ of water in residence.
Minor Damage
Minor damage encompasses a wide range of damage
and is generally the most common type of damage.
Minor damage exists when the home is damaged and
uninhabitable or only partially habitable, but may be
made habitable in a short period of time with home
repairs. Some of the items that determine minor
damage are listed below:
• Will require less than 30 days to repair.
• Windows or doors blown in.
• One foot or more of water/sewer backup in
basement (i.e., furnace, water heater damage).
• Has less than 50% damage to structure.
Major Damage
The house has
a tree that
went through
the roof to the
ground.
Multiple walls
damaged.
Heavy damage,
may not be rebuildable.
Major Damage
Soft story failure in
Santa Cruz
mountains from
Loma Prieta
earthquake. The
building could be
repaired after the
building was jacked
back to a plumb
condition. Many
such red-tagged
buildings can be
repaired rather
than demolished
Major Damage
2 to 5 feet of
water on the
first floor.
Potential for
major damage
in the
structure.
Major Damage
Major damage exists when the home has sustained
structural or significant damages, is uninhabitable and
requires extensive repairs. Any one of the following
may constitute major damage.
• Substantial failure of structural elements of the
residence (e.g., walls, roof, floors, foundation, etc.).
• Has more than 50% damage to structure.
• Will require more than 30 days to repair.
• One foot or more of water on the first floor (of a
home with basement).
Examples of Major Damage Indicators
Earthquake
Damage may include failure of one or more of the following: stucco
siding, in combination with failures to structural elements, such as
chimney, roof, buckling of walls, foundation, broken windows, racking
of structure, masonry and mortar failures, and plaster cracks. Failure of
non-visual “in-ground” items could be commonplace and further
exploration may be required (e.g., water, sewer, and gas lines, wells and
septic systems, foundations). (Assumption: residence is a typical postWW II, California home with stucco siding.)
Fire
Any one of, or a combination of, the following could constitute major
fire damage: severe smoke damage, fire damage to residence (e.g.,
roof, exterior siding, windows, and doors) water and/or firesuppressant chemical damage, imminent danger from ground-cover
loss. (Assumption: damage is to a standard ranch home.)
Examples of Major Damage Indicators
Mudslide/Earth movement
Any sign of earth movement that may affect the residence. (Note: there
may be times when a hill shows signs of movement ¼ mile above a group of
homes that are not (yet) damaged but all will be recorded as being in
“imminent danger.” Other damage may include failures to structural
elements of the dwelling walls, floors, or foundations.) (Assumption: typical
ranch home built on or near a hillside.)
Flood
If a house with a basement had more than 1 foot of water on the first floor,
it ordinarily would have suffered Major damage, especially if the furnace
and water heater are located in the basement. Without a basement, the
threshold for Major damage would be in the 2 to 4 foot range, depending
on length of time the home was inundated, home construction, and
sediment content of the flood water. In most cases, 2 feet of water will
require replacement of a 4 foot perimeter of sheetrock due to insulation
wicking. With 4 feet of water there will most likely be a 6 foot cut of
sheetrock required, if not full replacement. Two feet or more of water on
the first floor also affects all appliances, lower cabinets, etc. (assumption:
typical ranch home, quick rising and falling water levels, without velocity or
chemical factors.)
Destroyed
‘nuff said.
Destroyed
Greater than 5’
of water.
Destroyed
Destroyed means the structure is a total loss or damaged to such
an extent that repairs are not economically feasible. Any one of
the following may constitute a status of destroyed:
• Structure is not economically feasible to repair.
• Structure is permanently uninhabitable.
• Complete failure of major structural components (e.g., collapse of
basement walls/foundation, walls, or roof).
• Only foundation remains.
• Two or more walls destroyed and roof substantially damaged.
• House pushed off foundation
• An unaffected structure that will require removal or demolition (e.g.,
homes in imminent danger due to impending landslides, mudslides, or
sinkholes; beachfront homes that must be removed due to local
ordinance violations as a result of beach erosion).
Inaccessible
This group includes homes that are inaccessible by
normal means, due to disaster-related road
closures (e.g., bridge out, road flooded or blocked
by landslide, mudslide, severe erosion, washed out,
etc.).
Photos of Damage
• If you take photos of damage:
• Take first photo of curb painted street address, if
possible
• If no address, use GPS location from your cell
phone
• Turn on Geo-tagging for photos or
• Google Earth or other App
• Mark it on paper for 1st photo
• Avoid photographing people
Other things to watch for:
• Collapse of a major non-critical structure
• Significant damage to residential areas
• Major road blockage
• Serious infrastructure damage
• Looting
• Large groups of stranded or uninhabited citizens
Reporting Areas
• Lafayette is currently divided into 17
Evacuation Zones.
• Each Zone will be sub-divided into
Reporting Areas
• Orinda and Moraga will follow suit
Reporting Areas
Reporting Areas
Number of Occupants
Square Feet per expected occupant
• Schools
• Hospitals
• Multi-residential
• Commercial
• Office building
• Public assembly
• Public safety
• Industrial
• Warehouse
50 to 100
50 to 200
100 to 300
50 to 200
100 to 200
10 to 50
100 to 200
100 to 300
400 to 900
Other methods to Estimate
• Number of Cars in Parking Lot
• Assembly occupancies
• Low Rise Office & Light Industrial Bldgs
• Low Rise Commercial - Shopping Malls
• Number of Bedrooms
• Multi-unit Housing