Transcript Maryland Private Applicator Training

Pesticide
Certification
Training
Winter 2009
R. David Myers
Extension Educator, Agriculture
CERT #5133
Edward A. Crow
50 Harry S. Truman Parkway
Annapolis, MD 21401
CONTROL NO.
5133
12/31/2004
Expiration Date
New Maryland
Pesticide Applicator
Core Manual
2001 U.S. Pesticide Use
Estimates
% Values Are Based on Pounds of Pesticides Used
U.S. Annual Volume Of Pesticide
Active Ingredient Used : 1980 2001
U.S. Pounds of Conventional Pesticide
Active Ingredient by Pesticide Type and
Market Sector Based on 2001 Estimates
2001 PESTICIDE USER
GROUPS
• U. S. Consumption in pounds
1) Agriculture : 78 %
2) Industry and Government : 12 %
3) Home and Garden : 10%
www.mda.state.md.us
MDA’s Searchable Database
www.mda.state.md.us
http://kellysolutions.com/md
Pesticide products registered
with MDA.
- Search by product name,
active ingredient, pest/site,
EPA Reg. No.
Licensed businesses, Certified
Applicators & RUP Dealers
- Search by name, category,
county
Maryland Private
Applicator Training
Adapted from Washington State University presentation.
Terry E. Poole
Principal Agent Emeritus
Maryland Cooperative Extension
Frederick County office
Pest Management
Chapter 1
National Pesticide Applicator Certification
Core Manual
Pest Management
This module will help you:
• Understand the historical perspective of
pest management
• Know the main groups of pests
• Learn about resources to identify specific
pests and damage symptoms
• Understand Integrated Pest Management
(IPM)
Pest Management
This module will help you:
• Understand the significance of preventive
measures
• Understand pest population levels and
environmental influences
• Understand pesticide resistance and what
causes pesticides to fail
What is a Pest?
• any organism that is
detrimental to humans
– destroys crops & structures
– poses threats to human health and
livestock
– reduces aesthetic and recreational
value
• Pests include insects, mites, plant
pathogens, weeds, mollusks, fish,
birds, and mammals
Four Major Pest Categories
#1 - Weeds: undesirable plants
Four Major Pest Categories
• #2 - Invertebrates, such as:
–
Insects
–
Spiders and mites
–
Sowbugs, pillbugs
–
Snails, slugs, and mussels
Four Major Pest
Categories
• #3 – Vertebrates, such as:
– Birds
– Snakes
– Fish
– Rodents and other mammals
Four Major Pest Categories
• #4 - Plant Diseases
• Pathogens – living agents
R.S. Byther
– Fungi
– Bacteria
– Viruses
– Nematodes
• Non-living agents: cold,
heat, pollutants, dog urine,
man-made
C.R. Foss
Natural Controls
• Wind
• Temperature
• Humidity, rain
• Rivers, lakes, mountains
• Pathogens, predators
• Food supply of the pest
Human-applied Controls
• Biological
• Mechanical
• Cultural
• Physical
• Genetic
• Chemical
• Regulatory
Pesticides vary by…
• Mode of action: how they work to control
the pest
– Systemic pesticides are absorbed through
tissues and transported elsewhere where the
pest encounters it through feeding
• Used on plants or livestock
– Contact pesticides must come in direct contact
with the target pest
Pesticides vary by…
• Selectivity: what range of pests they affect
– Non-selective – kills all related pests – for
example some herbicides kill all green plant
tissue that gets a sufficient dose
– Selective – kills only certain weeds, insects,
plant pathogens – for example other herbicides
only kill broadleaf weeds not grasses
Pesticides vary by…
• Persistence: how long they remain active in
the environment
– Residual pesticides – remain active for weeks,
months, years – for example herbicides used
around road guard rails
– Non-residual – inactivated immediately or within
a few days – for example – some herbicides do
not remain active in the soil once applied
Integrated Pest Management
IPM: a balanced, tactical approach
Biological
• Anticipates and prevents
damage
• Uses several tactics
in combination
• Improves effectiveness,
Cultural
reduces side effects
• Relies on identification,
measurement, assessment,
and knowledge
Chemical
Pesticide Resistance:
the ability of a pest to tolerate
a pesticide that once
controlled it
• Intensive pesticide use kills
susceptible pests in a
population, leaving some
resistant ones to reproduce
–
–
–
–
Use of similar modes of action
Frequency of applications
Persistence of the chemical
Pest rate of reproduction & offspring numbers
Federal Pesticide Laws
Chapter 2
National Pesticide Applicator Certification
Core Manual
Federal Pesticide Laws
This module will help you:
• Understand key federal laws
and regulations
• Understand the importance of
good record keeping
FIFRA
• Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, &
Rodenticide Act
• Enacted by U.S. Congress in 1947
• Administered by the
Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA)
Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA)
• Registers and licenses
pesticides for use
• Ensures both human
and environmental
health are evaluated
• Precautions and
restrictions put into
place to prevent
adverse effects
The EPA
• Approves pesticide
labels as LEGAL
documents
• Reevaluates older
pesticides under
current standards
• Violators are subject
to penalties
Pesticide Classification
• General Use (or unclassified use):
– normally lower toxicity
– no special licenses or permits required
• Restricted Use (RUP):
– may cause adverse effects to human health or
the environment
– must be stated on the federal label
– sold only to certified applicators
– applied only by certified applicators or
employees under their direct supervision
Certified Applicators
are recognized by the state
as being competent to purchase and use
(or supervise the use of)
restricted use pesticides.
Certified Applicator
Residues & Tolerances
• EPA regulates residues and tolerances
• Residue: the amount of pesticide that
remains on food or feed at time of harvest
• Tolerance: the maximum legal amount of
residue that is allowed to remain on or in
treated crops or animals that’s sold for food
or feed
Who enforces pesticide tolerances?
• Food & Drug Administration (FDA)
monitors residues on food
and feed (domestically,
imports and exports)
• U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
monitors meat and milk
• State agencies also
conduct enforcement
Federal Laws to Know
• Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and
Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)
• governs pesticide registration, sales,
application, and disposal
• Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA)
• sets tougher standards for pesticides used
on food
• Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act
(FFDCA)
• governs pesticide tolerances
The Worker Protection Standard
(WPS - agriculture only)
• Employers must provide
protections against possible
harm from pesticides
• Reduces pesticide risks to:
– agricultural workers
– pesticide handlers
• Applies to owners and
operators who apply pesticides
on agricultural lands, as well as
consultants
The Endangered Species Act
• Administered by U.S. Fish &
Wildlife Service
• Must not harm endangered or
threatened species or their
habitat
• it's illegal to kill, harm or collect
endangered or threatened fish,
plants, or wildlife
• EPA must ensure pesticide use
will not harm endangered and
threatened species
golden paintbrush
WA DOT
Keeping Records
• EPA administers federal
laws for commercial
applicators
• USDA enforces federal
laws for private applicators
• State and local
governments may have
more strict requirements
Pesticide Labeling
Chapter 3
National Pesticide Applicator Certification
Core Manual
Pesticide Labeling
This module will help you:
• Understand the basis behind pesticide labels
• Read a pesticide label and understand names,
ingredients, formulations, signal words,
precaution statements, and environmental
hazard statements
• Understand directions for mixing and loading,
application, storage, and disposal
Pesticide Labeling
This module will help you:
• Understand the basis behind pesticide labels
• Read a pesticide label and understand names,
ingredients, formulations, signal words,
precaution statements, and environmental
hazard statements
• Understand directions for mixing and loading,
application, storage, and disposal
Ingredient Statement
• Active ingredients (ai): chemicals
responsible for pesticidal activity or perform
desired function
• Inert ingredients: usually not named, but
their percentage of total contents must be
shown, have no pesticidal activity
SEVIN
COMPOSITION
Active Ingredients: (% by weight)
Carbaryl (1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate)..........................................................20.0%
Inert Ingredients.......................................................................................................80.0%
Total:......................................................................................................................100.0%
Chemical Name
identifies chemical components and
structure of the active ingredient
Common Name
• Short version of the chemical name
• Examples: carbaryl, imidacloprid,
dichlobenil, glyphosate, 2,4-D, permethrin,
chlorothalonil
• Purchase
pesticides
according to
their common
names!
Use Classification Statement
Restricted Use or Unclassified/
General Use
RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE
For retail sale to and use only by certified
applicators or persons under their direct
supervision and only for those uses covered
by the certified applicator’s certification.
Type of Pesticide
• Pesticides include
– Insecticide = insects
– Herbicide = weeds,
brush, trees
– Disinfectant = germs
• Label indicates what
the pests the product
will control
Required Label Information
• Name and address of manufacturer
• EPA registration number, except 25(b)
– identifies manufacturer and specific product
• EPA establishment
number
– identifies the facility
that produced the
product
Signal Words and Symbols
• Signal words indicate the relative acute
toxicity to humans and animals
• Very low toxicity
required
signal words not
• “Keep Out of Reach of Children”
Danger-Poison
Warning
Danger
Caution
Signal Words
DANGER - POISON
Highly toxic
by any route of entry
DANGER-POISON
PELIGRO
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
HAZARDS TO HUMANS
AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS
More Signal Words
WARNING
AVISO
= moderately toxic either oral, dermal, or by
breathing, or may cause moderate eye irritation
CAUTION
= slightly toxic either oral, dermal, or by breathing,
or may cause slight eye irritation
Protective Clothing and
Equipment (PPE)
• Follow all directions stated on the label!
• Lack of a statement does NOT mean you
do not need further protection
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING REQUIREMENTS
When making applications, applicators must wear:
a long-sleeved shirt, long pants, mid-forearm length
protective gloves and protective boots. In addition, a
protective apron and goggles or face shield must be
worn during mixing/loading.
Other Precautionary Statements
• Remove and wash contaminated clothing…
• Not for use or storage in and around a house
Causes irreversible eye damage. Wear goggles
or face shield when handling. Harmful if
swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through skin. Do
not get in eyes, on skin or on clothing. Avoid
breathing dust. Prolonged or frequently repeated
skin contact with this product may cause allergic
skin reactions in some individuals. Wash
thoroughly with soap and water after handling.
Statement of Practical Treatment
First-aid treatments for poisoning or
accidental exposure
STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT
IF IN EYES: Hold eyelids open and flush with a steady stream of water
for 15 minutes. Get medical attention.
IF SWALLOWED: Call a physician or Poison Control Center. Drink 1 or
2 glasses of water and induce vomiting by touching back of throat with
finger, or if available, by administering syrup of Ipecac. Do not induce
vomiting or give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial
respiration, preferably mouth-to-mouth. Get medical attention.
IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water. Get medical
attention.
Environmental Hazard Statements
• Provides information on
environmental impacts
associated with the pesticide
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
This product is extremely toxic to aquatic and
estuarine invertebrates.
Do not contaminate water by cleaning equipment or
disposal of wastes.
BEE CAUTION: MAY KILL HONEYBEES IN
SUBSTANTIAL NUMBERS.
This product is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct
treatment or residues on blooming crops or weeds.
Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to
blooming crops or weeds if bees are visiting the
treatment area.
Physical or Chemical Hazards
• Describes any special, fire,
explosive or chemical hazards
• Flammable: Do not use, pour,
spill, or store near heat or open
flame. Do not cut or weld
container
• Corrosive: Store only in a
corrosion-resistant tank
Hazard statements on
labels are not necessarily
located in same place!
Agricultural Use Requirements
• Required on products
covered by WPS
• The Worker Protection
Standard (WPS) requires
training, notification,
emergency assistance,
protective equipment
• Restricted-entry Interval
(REI): the time that must
pass between an application
and the reentry of
unprotected workers
Storage and Disposal
• Provides general instructions for storage and
disposal of the pesticide and it’s container
Directions for Use
instructions on how to use the product
• Will tell you:
– Crops or sites intended for protection
– Pests the manufacturer claims the product will
control
– How to mix and apply the product
– Phytotoxicity and other effects
– How to minimize drift
Pesticide Formulations
Chapter 4
National Pesticide Applicator Certification
Core Manual
Pesticide Formulations
This module will help you:
• Recognize formulation abbreviations
• Identify formulation advantages
and disadvantages
• Understand role of adjuvants
Important Definitions
• Active Ingredient (ai) - the actual
chemical in the product mixture that
controls the pest
• Inert Ingredient - other materials added
with the AI when the product is formulated
• Phytotoxicity - plant damage
• Adjuvant - product added to spray tank to
assist pesticide in its application
Pesticide Formulation
active ingredient (ai)
each ai will be listed
+
inert ingredients
water, emulsifiers
solvents, dry carrier material
stabilizers, dye
surfactants: spreaders, stickers
wetting agents
Lexone DF
• Active Ingredient
•
Metribuzin
25%
• Inert Ingredients
75%
• TOTAL
100%
Lexone 2E
• Active Ingredient
•
Metribuzin*
25%
• Inert Ingredients
75%
• TOTAL
• * contains 2 lbs metribuzin per gallon
100%
Why Add Inert Ingredients?
1. For ease of pesticide product handling
2. Inerts make measuring and mixing
pesticides easier
3. To provide for safety
4. Makes the ai work better
• Better penetration
• More selectivity
Univ. of Missouri
• Increased effectiveness
Adjuvant
• The term adjuvant basically means
additive (you need to memorize it)
– Formulation additive
– Additive which is sold
separately to mix with the
product when tank mixing
• Labels will often recommend to add an
adjuvant
• Include surfactants, spreaders, wetting
agents, colorant dyes, buffers,
antifoaming agents, safeners, etc.
Deciphering the ai Code in
Product Names
80SP
80% active ingredient
by weight
Soluble Powder
1EC
1 lb ai/gallon
emulsifiable concentrate
40DF
40 % active ingred.
Dry Flowable
Brand Name Abbreviations
• Often brand names include abbreviations
that describe something about the
formulation
D
–
G
–
SP –
S
–
WP –
EC –
DF –
WDG –
WSP
dust
ULV
granular
RTU
soluble powder
GL
solution
LO
wettable powder
emulsifiable concentrate
dry flowable
water dispersible granule
–
–
–
–
–
water soluble packet
ultra low volume
ready to use
gel
low odor
Pesticide Hazards
and First Aid
Chapter 5
National Pesticide Applicator Certification
Core Manual
Pesticide Hazards & First Aid
This module will help you:
• Know the different types of effects pesticides
can have on your health
• Understand signal words
• Know the routes of exposure
• Recognize symptoms of exposure
• Know when and how to give first aid
Hazard
• Higher toxicity = greater hazard
– Lower toxicity = less hazard
• Higher exposure = greater hazard
– Lower exposure = less hazard
North Carolina Dept. of Agriculture and
Consumer Services
Hazards Increase…
• when mixing and
loading the
concentrate
• with a very high
single exposure
• after many
exposures over
time
Reduce Hazards!!
• By using least toxic pesticides
• Wearing personal protective equipment
HAZARD = Toxicity x Exposure
Poisoning Effects
• Contact
• Systemic
• Allergic
Contact Effects
• Skin irritation (dermatitis):
itching, redness, rashes,
blisters, burns
• Eyes: swelling, stinging, burning
• Nose, mouth, throat irritation
• Typical of herbicides, fungicides and
other products
Contact injury to the skin
is the most common form of
pesticide poisoning!
Systemic Effects
• From pesticides that target animals
– Insecticides: nervous system
– Rodenticides: circulatory system
• Insecticide symptoms: nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea, headache, dizziness, weakness,
excessive sweating, tearing, chills, thirst,
chest pain, breathing difficulty, body aches
& cramps
Allergic Effects
• Contact or Systemic
• Dermatitis, blisters, hives
• Life-threatening shock
• Red or itchy eyes
• Respiratory discomfort,
asthma
Routes of Entry: #1 Skin (Dermal)
97% of all body
exposure during
spraying is by
skin contact!
Different parts of the body vary in
their ability to absorb pesticides.
Scalp 32%
Ear Canal 40%
Forehead 36%
Armpit 64%
Forearm 9%
Abdomen 18%
Genital Area 100%
Palm 12%
Back of Hand 21%
Percent Dose
Absorbed
Ball of Foot 13%
Chemical -parathion
Maibach 1974
Routes of Entry: #2 Lungs
(inhalation)
Inhalation exposure can occur:
• When using
Wettable powders
Dusts
Gases, vapors
Sprays
• While mixing and loading
• During applications
Routes of Entry: #3 Eyes
Eyes are able to
absorb
surprisingly large
amounts of
chemical
Routes of Entry: #4 Oral
Wash your hands!
...before eating, drinking smoking, or
going to the bathroom at breaks!!
University of Maryland
Possible Harmful Effects
from Pesticides
• Acute effects
• Chronic effects
• Delayed effects
Acute effects…
•
•
•
•
Occur from a single exposure
Develop within 24 hrs of exposure
Any effect is measured
Toxicity usually expressed as LD50 or LC50
LD50 and LC50
• LD50 = the dose of a substance that kills
50% of a population of test animals
– measured in milligrams of toxicant per kilogram
of body weight (mg/kg)
96 dead
Dose: 100 mg/kg
50 dead
10 mg/kg
12 dead
1 mg/kg
LC50 = concentration of a substance in air or
water that kills 50% of a test population,
measured in parts per million
Signal Words
Signal Word
Category
Toxicity
Oral LD50
Danger-Poison
Peligro
I
High
0-50 mg/kg
Danger/Peligro
I
Warning/Aviso
II
Moderate
50-500 mg/kg
or skin/eye
Caution
III
Slight
>500 mg/kg
or skin/eye
High - Eye or skin damage
concerns greater than acute
lethal toxicity
Chronic Effects
Low dose exposures over an extended
period of time
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Birth defects
Toxicity to a fetus
Production of tumors
Genetic changes
Blood disorders
Nerve disorders
Reproductive effects
Delayed Effects
• After 24 hours
• After repeated
exposures
For example, organophosphates
and carbamate INSECTICIDES…
Recognize Symptoms of
Exposure
Varies according
to the pesticide
and the individual
rash, headache, nausea, dizziness
If Exposure Occurs,
Administer First Aid
• Dilute the pesticide
On skin: remove contaminated clothing, wash
skin, gently dry and loosely cover
In eyes: wash across eyes for 15 minutes
If inhaled, get victim to fresh air and laid down
If ingested, induce vomiting EXCEPT… and
administer activated charcoal in water
DO NOT USE syrup of ipecac– ineffective!
DO NOT Induce Vomiting If…
• victim is unconscious or
convulsing
• petroleum products (kerosene,
gasoline, oil)
were involved
• emulsifiable concentrates used
• corrosive poisons, or strong
acids or bases were ingested
Post Emergency Numbers!
National Poison Control Center
1-800-222-1222
National Pesticide
Information Center (NPIC)
1-800-858-7378
npic.orst.edu
Heat Stress
• Caused by heat, NOT pesticide exposure
• Wearing PPE increases risk
• Symptoms (similar):
– Fatigue, dizziness,
altered behavior
– Clammy skin or hot-dry skin
– Headache, nausea, chills
– Severe thirst
– Heavy sweating or lack of sweating
Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)
Chapter 6
National Pesticide Applicator Certification
Core Manual
Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)
This module will help you:
• Understand PPE selection
• Understand PPE care, storage, and
disposal
Required PPE is
determined by...
• The toxicity of the pesticide
• The formulation of the pesticide
• The activity you are performing
– Measuring, mixing and loading
– Applying
– Maintenance operations
Chemical-resistant Materials
• Read the label
– What clothing is specifically required
Cotton, Denim, Leather:
Not recommended for most
pesticide applications!
Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)
Minimum:
 Long-sleeved shirt
 Long trousers or
coveralls
 Gloves
 Shoes plus socks
 Hat
Protect Yourself!
• Especially during
mixing & loading
Use Gloves!
• Unlined and
waterproof
• Check for holes
• If spraying
overhead, tuck
sleeves inside
gloves…
… and fold the cuffs up
Footwear
• No sandals!
• Consider wearing unlined,
rubber boots... even if not
required
• Hang pant legs outside
the boots!
Clean Up!
• Discard disposables and
worn-out items!
• Wash at the end of each
day, including gloves and
all PPE
• Launder pesticide clothing
Pesticides in the
Environment
Chapter 7
National Pesticide Applicator Certification
Core Manual
Pesticides in the Environment
This module will help you:
• Understand the environmental
consequences of pesticide application
• Understand how to prevent drift and runoff
• Identify pesticide-sensitive areas
• Understand how to adjust your methods to
minimize environmental impact and
maximize effectiveness
Pesticide Characteristics:
Persistence
• Ability of a pesticide to
remain present and active
for a long time
• Provides for long-term pest
control, but may harm
sensitive plants and animals
• May lead to illegal residues
on rotational crops
Pesticide Characteristic: Volatility
the tendency of a pesticide to turn into
a gas or vapor
Temperature
Wind
Humidity
=
Higher
Volatility
Pesticide Movement
• By air
– Vapor, particle, spray drift
• By water
– Surface runoff
– Movement through soil
• By other objects
– Residues on plants and animals
WSU
Pesticide Movement: in Air
Spray Drift
• Movement of airborne pesticide
droplets from the target area
• Check the label for precautions
–
–
–
–
–
–
mandatory no-spray buffers
spray droplet size requirements
wind speed restrictions
application volume requirements
aerial application restrictions
warnings for sensitive crop or sites
WSDA
Spray Drift Factors
1. Applicator attitude
2. Equipment set-up
3. Viscosity of spray
WSDA
– a liquid’s resistance to flow
4. Weather conditions
Pesticide Movement: in Water
• Pesticides can move into water from a
identifiable occurrence or from general
contamination
– Point Source
• identifiable
source
– Non-point Source
• wide area contamination
Pesticide Movement: in Water
• Point-source Pollution is from an identifiable
point
– Spills and leaks
• into sewer
• at mix/load sites
• wash sites
– Back siphoning when filling
sprayer or chemigation
– Improper handling and
disposal near water sources
Maintain an
Air Gap
Pesticide Movement: in Water
• Non-point Source Pollution
originates
from a wide area
– pesticide movement
into surface water
from any number
of sources
– commonly blamed for
contaminated water
Pesticide Movement: in Water
Runoff
 Pesticides move in water over soil
into surface water
 Contaminated ditches,
streams, rivers, ponds,
and lakes
 Surface water used for
drinking and livestock
water, irrigation, etc.
Pesticide Movement: in Water
Leaching
 Movement of pesticide by water
through soil
 Move horizontally to
nearby roots or vertically
toward groundwater
 Chemical characteristics
that pose concern: high solubility,
low adsorption, persistence
Protect Sensitive Areas
• Schools, playgrounds,
parks, hospitals
• Wildlife refuges, bee hives
• Yards, gardens, crop fields
• Indoors: homes, offices,
stores, clinics, restaurants,
factories, animal facilities
• Endangered/threatened
species and their habitats
R.R. Maleike
Protect Non-target Organisms
Hover fly
H. Riedl
• Plants
• Bees, other pollinators
• Other beneficial
insects
• Fish and other wildlife
• Humans
Virgin River Chub
Jerry Stein, Nev. DOW
Plants can be non-target
organisms!
• Herbicides are the primary cause of non-target
plant injury
• Phytotoxicity: plant injury from a chemical
application
R.S.
• Symptoms of pesticide
Byther
injury are similar to other
problems
• Read the label
• Avoid drift!
Protect Beneficial Insects
• Recognize beneficial
insects
• Valuable allies in pest
management
• Minimize insecticide
usage
• Use selective
insecticides or least
toxic insecticides
Protect Fish
Keep pesticides from entering surface waters
• Fish kills may result
from pesticide
pollution
• Manage spills, drift,
runoff, leaching
• Dispose of wastes properly
Endangered & Threatened Species
Jerry Stein, NDOW
• Endangered: on the brink of extinction
• Threatened: likely to become endangered
• Destruction of habitat is an equal concern
• Pesticide labels tell applicators to consult county
bulletins for special precautionary measures
Transportation, Storage,
and Security
Chapter 8
National Pesticide Applicator Certification
Core Manual
Transportation,
Storage and Security
This module will help you:
• Understand how to properly store pesticides and
restrict access
• Understand inventory and maintenance methods
• Understand how to prepare for potential spills
• Understand how to dispose of pesticide wastes
Safety and Security
• Unauthorized access to pesticides poses
several concerns
• Pesticides that are not secured pose
threats
– Consider transportation, application, lunch
time, storage
• Pesticides being transported or stored in
an unsafe manner pose threats to human
health, animals, and the environment
Vehicle owners and operators are held
responsible for spills!...
… and MUST be trained in emergency
response procedures for spills and notification
An Ideal Pesticide Storage Site Protects
Against:
• Exposure to people and
animals
• Environmental
contamination
• Temperature extremes
and excess moisture
• Theft, vandalism, and
carelessness
• Liability
Secure the Site!
• Use a dependable lock
• Post highly-visible
warning signs on
doors, windows
• Post “No Smoking”
warnings, since
many pesticides
are highly flammable!
Pesticide
KEEP OUT
Storage
POISON
Storage Site
 Store in original containers
 Do not store food, drinks,
tobacco, feed, medication, vet
supplies, seed, clothing, PPE
• Have clean water
available for
decontamination
Store
Pesticides Separately!
Disposal & Recycling
•
•
•
•
Triple-rinse or pressure-rinse all containers
Add container rinse water to spray batch!
Store clean containers in a special section
Take clean containers for recycling
Emergency Response
Chapter 9
National Pesticide Applicator Certification
Core Manual
Emergency Response
This module will help you:
• Know how to implement and execute an
emergency response plan
• Identify how unintended spills and fires can harm
humans and the environment
• Understand how to clean up spills to reduce
environmental impact
• Know how to dispose of contaminated items
• Be familiar with emergency response equipment
Develop a Plan
• Designate an emergency coordinator
• Maintain a list of emergency response
agencies
 Person, agencies to be
notified
 Local emergency planning
committee
 Police and fire units
 Paramedics and hospitals
 Chemical manufacturers
 Containment and
hazardous waste cleanup
 Attorney
Keep an Inventory!
• Product names, volumes, and locations
• Keep copies of labels, MSDS, protective
equipment
• Keep a set of documents away from storage
area
• Emergency equipment:
– tools for diking, trenching, pumping, vacuuming
– containment and cleanup materials
– fire extinguishers, personal protective equipment
Pesticide Fires
Potential Problems
• Pesticides may give off highly
toxic vapors or smoke that may
harm firefighters, nearby
residents, animals, or plants
• Residues may be present in
debris and soil
• Runoff from the fire site may be
highly toxic
Pesticide Spills
• Protect yourself and
others first (PPE), and
administer first aid
WA Ecology
– Different spill = different
hazards
• Then respond to the
spill, which may be
very small to very large
The 3 C’s
Control - Contain - Clean up
A Spill Kit Should Include:
• emergency phone numbers
• personal protective equipment
• absorbent materials: pillows, containment
tubes, clay, sawdust, pet litter, activated
charcoal, vermiculite
• shovel, broom, dustpan, sweeping compound
• fire extinguisher rated for many chemical fires
• large, sturdy plastic drum
Write Everything Down!
Keep records of
activities during the
emergency and
conversations with
regulatory authorities,
emergency personnel,
and general public
Good documentation is critical
Planning the Pesticide
Application
Chapter 10
National Pesticide Applicator Certification
Core Manual
Planning the Pesticide
Application
This module will help you:
• Understand pesticide and adjuvant selection
• Understand tank mixing and loading, and
pesticide application procedures
• Understand container and equipment rinsing
considerations
Pesticide Selection
Before selecting and applying a pesticide:
• Know the pest
• Know federal, state and
local pesticide regulations
• Know how to properly
use application equipment
• Read the Label
Product Selection
• Crop or site of
application MUST be
on the label
– Rights-of-way, industrial
area, turf, ornamental
planting bed, alfalfa,
corn, food-handling
establishment, etc.
Equipment Considerations
• Tank size and pump
adequate for job
• Type of tank (poly,
galvanized steel)
• Nozzle type
– Formulation, drift reduction, coverage
• Nozzle height/spacing (pattern), alignment
• Pressure
Post-Application Restrictions
• Drinking, fishing,
swimming
• Ornamental
transplants or
cropping replant
• Grazing and milking restrictions
• Pre-harvest or pre-slaughter interval
Pesticide Incompatibility
• Read the label
– Specific recommendations
for tank mixes known to be
compatible
– Specific prohibitions for tank mixes
known to be incompatible
– No statement, applicator responsibility to
jar test for compatibility
Mixing Order for Tank Mix
1. ½ water or carrier (fertilizer)
2. Compatibility agent (if needed)
3. Suspension products
• Dry – WP, DF, WDG
• Liquid – F, L, ME
4. Solution products (S, SP)
5. Adjuvants (if needed)
6. Emulsion products (EC)
Pesticide Application
Procedures
Chapter 11
National Pesticide Applicator Certification
Core Manual
Pesticide Application
Procedures
This module will help you:
• Select appropriate application equipment
and pesticide formulations
• Understand equipment components
• Determine pesticide application rates
• Chose drift reduction practices
Sprayer Components
• Nozzle
– Amount of material applied
– Orifice size => droplet size
– Distribution and droplet pattern
Coarse droplets
-minimize off-target drift
Fine droplets
-maximum
surface
coverage
Application Equipment
• Granular Applicators
– Band or broadcast
– Application rate
affected by
•
•
•
•
Ground speed
Gate opening
Granule size, shape, and density
Terrain and weather conditions
Granular Applicators
Rotary Spreader
• Spinning disk or fan
• Heaviest granules
thrown farther
Drop Spreader
• Gravity
• More precise application
Equipment Calibration
Determine Application Rate (volume/area)
– Output = nozzles and pressure
– Sprayer speed
Univ. of Missouri - Lincoln
Univ. of Missouri - Lincoln
Equipment Calibration
Why is calibration important?
– Adjust equipment to get desired rate
– Achieve label rate for product delivery
• Meet application volume requirements
• Effective pest control
• Does not waste money
– Personal and environmental safety
Oh no, Math!
• Equipment calibration and
application requires basic
math skills
• Remember, you can
always refer to manuals for
formulas but you need to
know how to use the
formulas
• There will be a question on
calculating area and rate.
Professional Conduct
Chapter 12
National Pesticide Applicator Certification
Core Manual
Professional Conduct
This module will help you:
• Be a professional
• Know when uncertified people can apply
under supervision of a certified applicator
• Know how to communicate with customers
Supervision
Minimum federal standard
“Unless otherwise prescribed by its labeling, a
pesticide shall be considered to be applied
under the direct supervision of a certified
applicator if it is applied by a competent person
acting under the instructions and control of a
certified applicator who is available if and
when needed, even though such certified
applicator is not physically present at the time
and place the pesticide is applied” (FIFRA, Sec.
2(e)(4)).
All applicators must understand:
• Federal and state pesticide laws and regulations
• Emergency procedures
• Importance of following label instructions
• How and when to correctly use pesticide
application equipment
• Proper use and care of PPE
• Need of keeping accurate application records
• Importance of positive, open communication with
employer, employees, customers, and public
Preapplication Notification
Pesticide Sensitive Persons
• Mandatory in certain states for
pesticide-sensitive individuals
• Prior notification with…
– date and address of scheduled
application
– name and telephone number of
applicator
– applicator’s certification/license number,
if applicable
Stay Current
• Participate in continuing education
– Regulations
– Safety
– Environment
– New products
– IPM
– Recordkeeping
Spokane, WA 2005
Maryland Private
Applicator Certification
Training
Maryland
Practice Certification Exam Practice
Prepared by: Terry E. Poole
Principal Agent Emeritus
Maryland Cooperative Extension
Frederick County office
1. What pest control procedure relies on the use of
natural enemies, such as predators, parasites, and
disease-causing organisms to control a pest?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Mechanical
Physical
Cultural
Biological
Pages 5 & 6
3. Pesticides that might result in an unreasonable
adverse effect to human health or the environment and
requires an individual to be certified in order to
purchase these materials are classified as:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Limited use pesticides
Restricted use pesticides
General use pesticides
Special use pesticides
Page 20
Certified Applicator
4. All pesticides sold in the United States, except for
those products classified as minimum risk, must have
the _______ printed on the product label.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Date of production
EPA registration number
Use classification
All of the above
Page 34
5. What is the term that is used to describe the
chemical or chemicals found in a pesticide that is
responsible for controlling the pest?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Ingredient statement
Page 36
Active ingredient
Inert ingredient
Product name
SEVIN
COMPOSITION
Active Ingredients: (% by weight)
Carbaryl (1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate)..........................................................20.0%
Inert Ingredients.......................................................................................................80.0%
Total:......................................................................................................................100.0%
6. What is added to a pesticide that serves as a carrier
and does not control or have any type of a activity on a
pest?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Active ingredient
Pesticidal ingredient
Page 51
Inert ingredient
Soluable ingredients
SEVIN
COMPOSITION
Active Ingredients: (% by weight)
Carbaryl (1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate)..........................................................20.0%
Inert Ingredients.......................................................................................................80.0%
Total:......................................................................................................................100.0%
7. What is one of the advantages of using a pesticide
formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate?
a) They require very little agitation. Page 55
b) They are easily absorbed through the
skin of humans and animals.
c) They can be easily overdosed or
underdosed when mixing.
d) They may cause damage to desirable
plants.
8. The hazard of a pesticide reflects both the
pesticide’s _________ and the likelihood of the
applicator’s _________ to the pesticide in a particular
situation.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Carcinogenicity; exposure
Toxicity; inhibition
Formulation; inhibition
Page 71
Toxicity; exposure
9. Effects from an acute exposure to a pesticide
normally occur within:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Page 74
24 hours
1 week
1 month
Several months to a year.
13. Which of the following definitions describes the
term volatility?
a) The tendency of a pesticide to move in
water.
b) The ability of a pesticide to break down
in the environment due to sunlight.
c) The ability of a pesticide to remain in the
environment for a long period of time
after application.
d) The tendency of a pesticide to turn to
gas or a vapor. Page 107
14. Which of the following should be kept in a vehicle
that is used to transport pesticides?
a) A copy of the label for each pesticide that
is being carried.
b) A listing of emergency telephone
numbers.
c) A copy of the MSDS for each pesticide
that is being carried.
d) All of the above. Page 125
16. If there is a possibility of splashing occurring
during the mixing or loading of pesticides, applicators
should wear a ________ in order to avoid unnecessary
exposure.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Loose knit pair of coveralls
Chemical resistant apron
Pair of cotton lined gloves
Baseball style hat
Page 153
17. What part of the spray nozzle affects the droplet
size and flow rate?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Screen
Neck
Tip
Orifice
Page 167
19. After calibrating your sprayer it is determined that
2.5 gallons of water will cover a 100 square feet area.
The area that you must spray is 1,500 square feet. How
many gallons of spray mixture will be required to treat
this area?
a)
b)
c)
d)
13.75 gallons
37.5 gallons
40.0 gallons
75.0 gallons
Page 171
2.5 gallons = X .
100 sq. ft. 1,500 sq. ft.
X = 37.5 gallons
21. How long must pesticide application records be
maintained?
a)
b)
c)
d)
6 months
1 year
2 years
5 years
Page189
22. Which of the following are required for pesticide
storage areas?
a) All pesticide containers must be labeled
and free of leaks and tears.
b) The storage area must be posted with a
warning sign.
c) The storage area must be locked and
secure to prevent unauthorized entry.
d) All of the above are required. Page187
The End
For more practice questions, in
preparation for the exam, you can find
some at the end of each chapter.
Good luck on the exam!
Pesticide
Certification Training
Winter 2009
R. David Myers
Extension Educator, Agriculture
VISIT US IN
CYBERSPACE!!
Check out our website!!!
www.AnneArundel.umd.edu
Pesticide Information Web Links
IPM Maryland:
www.mdipm.umd.edu
MD Pesticide Applicator Training Program:
www.pesticide.umd.edu/
www.mda.state.md.us/
Labels and Material Safety Data Sheets – MSDS:
www.cdms.net/