Transcript Document

Ricardo Enriquez S Dr med vet
Secretary
OIE Aquatic Animal Health Standards Commission
OIE activities
in aquatic animal health
Background
In May 2004, the International Committee
endorsed recommendations focussed on roles
and responsibilities for aquatic animal health, in
particular:
 clarifying roles and responsibilities
 improving communication and cooperation between
veterinary and other authorities
 nominating aquatic national focal points
 improving accurate, timely and effective disease
reporting
What has happened since?
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Some of OIE’s efforts
Updates on aquatic animal health at every conference of
each of the Regional Commissions
 This will continue
First OIE Global Conference on Aquatic Animal Health
(Oct. 06, Norway)
 subtitle: “Defining roles and responsibilities”
 Proceedings were co-edited by the OIE Scientific & Technical
Department and printed in December 2007, including a set of
recommendations.
Publication of “Changing trends in managing aquatic
animal disease emergencies” under the Scientific and
Technical Review series (April 2008)
 specific articles about roles and responsibilities
 also updates on the use of biotechnology in vaccines and novel
diagnostics
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Some of OIE’s efforts (cont’d)
Raising awareness about aquatic animal health at international
conferences, for example:
 Secretariat of the Pacific Community Workshop on Aquatic Biosecurity
(Oct 2007)
 First OIE/NACA Regional Workshop on Aquatic Animal Health (March
2008)
 Western Balkan Regional Workshop on Aquatic Animal Health (May
2008)
 Seventh Symposium on Diseases in Asian Aquaculture (June 2008)
Permanent member to the NACA Regional Advisory Group on
Aquatic Animal Health (annual meetings since 2002)
 NACEE Network of Aquaculture Centers in Central and Eastern Europe
Engagement in expert consultations, for example:
 Responsible introductions and movement of live aquatics (FAO, 2005)
 Antimicrobial use in aquaculture and antimicrobial resistance (FAO,
OIE, WHO, 2006)
 Biosecurity in aquaculture (SPC, 2007)
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Some of OIE’s efforts (cont’d)
Several calls by the Director General to Delegates to
designate aquatic national focal points and to cooperate,
where necessary, with their national counterparts dealing
with aquatic animal health
 Latest reminder at the General Session!
 Nearly 100 Members have followed Dr Vallat’s invitation (48 in
2007)
 Also, Regional Representatives are to organise training courses
for those focal points
Adaptation of the PVS tool for aquatics
 Applicable to the evaluation of aquatic animal health services
 On-going work on a draft annex to the tool with modifications of
the approach required for the evaluation of the performance of
Competent Authorities responsible for aquatic animal health
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Is this enough?
What else should OIE do?
How much has happened in OIE Member countries ?
 Have roles and responsibilities been clarified?
 Is there better communication and cooperation
between authorities?
 Have aquatic national focal points been nominated?
What do they do?
 Has disease reporting improved?
 Do more Members provide comments on draft text for
the Aquatic Code and Manual?
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Outcomes from the OIE
76th General Session
May 2008
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Adoptions
The amendments to the OIE Aquatic Animal
Health Code were adopted by Resolution XXIX
 Revised disease chapters
 Two crustacean diseases added
• Infectious myonecrosis
• White tail disease
 Two diseases of amphibians added
• Infection with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
• Infection with ranavirus
 Chapter on surveillance, welfare of fish, and aquatic
animal feed
 Editorial revisions of Code chapters for fish, mollusc
and crustacean diseases
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Revised disease chapters
emerging diseases
Abalone viral mortality
Case definition
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Welfare of farmed fish
Introduction to the OIE Guidelines for the welfare
of live aquatic animals
Conflicting views among Members regarding the
fundamental principles and scope of guidelines
on welfare
 Questions of sentience and pain should not
unnecessarily delay the developing of OIE standards
 Animal welfare is also about ensuring animal health
through good husbandry
Guidelines for welfare of farmed fish during
transport, slaughter, and destruction for disease
control purposes
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Aquatic animal feed
Guidelines on the control of aquatic animal
health hazards in aquatic animal feed
 Amended based on numerous comments
 Scope generally wider than OIE listed diseases
They contain a list of general categories of safe
commodities
 For example, fish oil
For OIE-listed diseases, the list of diseasespecific safe commodities can be found in the
corresponding disease chapter of the Aquatic
Code
 Ad hoc working group on aquatic commodities
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Ad hoc Group on commodities
Re-emphasised the significant volume of
international trade in aquatic commodities
compared to trade in live animals
Proposed criteria for the assessment of the risk
of transfering disease agent when importing a
commodity
Proposed changes in Article 3 of the Aquatic
Code on “safe” commodities and Article 12 that
includes mitigation measures
Further development to be expected
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Surveillance
Guidelines for aquatic animal health surveillance
 Ensures better alignment with the Terrestrial Code
 Chapter 1.1.4 is removed from the Aquatic Manual
Drafting disease-specific surveillance chapters
 A template for such chapters is under discussion
 A prioritised list of diseases for which specific
surveillance chapters should be developed is needed
 Need to revisit the introductory sections in the Aquatic
Manual
Further detailed technical information will be
included in the OIE Handbook on Aquatic Animal
Health Surveillance
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Recasting …
A lot has happened since 2004 in the development of
international aquatic animal health standards, for example:
 new diseases listed for reporting purposes (incl. emerging
diseases)
• one country not reporting adequately can jeopardise many other
countries, especially in the case of aquatic animal diseases
 recognition of “safe” commodities, and consistent sets of
recommendations for trade in other commodities
• this is ongoing
 more flexible pathways for declaration of disease freedom
• but with an increased focus on biosecurity (eg compulsorily
notifiable diseases, early detection systems, etc.)
 adoption of compartmentalisation as a concept in trade and in
disease control
 inclusion of amphibians in the OIE’s remit
• sets new challenges for governance in veterinary services (eg the
need to communicate and cooperate with environmental
authorities)
• new demonstration of the need for a “one-health” approach
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Forecasting
And a lot more will happen, for example:
need to deal with “untidy” diseases, eg multiagent syndromes, and emerging diseases
• new species for aquaculture => new and emerging
diseases
• strain variation – pathogen definition (Brazil
conference)
standards for aquatic animal welfare
• transport, slaughter, destruction
stricter controls on availability and use of
antimicrobials
• looming restrictions could be worse for aquaculture
than for the livestock sector
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In the context of
 closer scrutiny by trading partners of measures
imposed, and closer scrutiny of claims for disease
freedom
 increased public concerns about issues eg animal
welfare, food safety and environmental protection in
aquatic animal production
Tackling these challenges requires:
 good governance in veterinary services
 whole-of-government approach to aquatic animal
health
 including the private sector
 embracing aquatic animal health as part of the “onehealth” approach
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Are you prepared?
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