Transcript Slide 1

Environmental
Compliance
Health and Safety Management
Tom Brandon, CPP, CUSA
O (619) 749- 0179
F (619) 749-0182
[email protected]
Professional Certificate in Human Resources
Environmental Compliance
Water Pollution
 Air Pollution
 Pollution of the land
 Key events
 Industrial Hygiene
 Hazard Communication
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Environmental Compliance
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Water Pollution
 Clean
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Water Pollution Control Act
 Oil
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Water Act
Protection Act
Exxon Valdez
Environmental Compliance
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Air Pollution
 Clean
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Air Act
Amendments of 1990
 Kyoto
Protocol
 Noise Control Act
Environmental Compliance
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Pollution of the land
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Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA)
Motor Carrier Safety Improvement Act of 1999
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Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA)
Resource Conversation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act (CERCLA) “Superfund”
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Love Canal
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA)
Environmental Compliance
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Key events
 Bhopal
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http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/india/090226/the-bhopal-disaster-25-years-later
Environmental Compliance
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Key events
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Bhopal: the Union Carbide gas leak
Chernobyl: Russian nuclear power plant explosion
Seveso: Italian dioxin crisis
The 1952 London smog disaster
Major oil spills of the 20th and 21st century
The Love Canal chemical waste dump
The Baia Mare cyanide spill
The European BSE crisis
Spanish waste water spill
The Three Mile Island near nuclear disaster
Environmental Compliance
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Bhopal
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0csW97x8d24
Industrial Hygiene
Part science, part art
 Industrial Hygiene is the application of
scientific principles in the workplace to
prevent the development of occupational
disease or injury
 Requires knowledge of chemistry, physics,
anatomy, physiology, mathematics
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History of IH
Disease resulting from exposure to
chemicals or physical agents have existed
ever since people chose to use or handle
materials with toxic potential
 In the far past, causes were not always
recognized
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IH Program: Minimum Elements
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Identification of health hazards
Evaluation of health hazards
Control of health hazards
Recordkeeping
Employee training
Periodic program review
Commonly
regarded as the
three phase of
industrial hygiene
Dose-Response Relationship
The toxicity of a substance depends not
only on its toxic properties, but also on the
amount of exposure, or the dose
 Differentiated between
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 Chronic
(low-level, long-term) poisoning
 Acute (high-level, short-term) poisoning
Scope of IH
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Recognition, Evaluation, and Control of hazards or
agents
Chemical Agents
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Physical Agents
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Ionizing and nonionizing radiation, noise, vibration, and
temperature extremes
Biological Agents
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Dusts, mists, fumes, vapors, gases
Insects, molds, yeasts, fungi, bacteria, viruses
Ergonomic Agents
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Monotony, fatigue, repetitive motion
Control of Agents
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Controls in this order of preference
1.
Engineering Controls
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2.
Administrative Controls
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3.
Engineering changes in design, equipment, processes
Substituting a non-hazardous material
Substitute a less hazardous material, local exhaust ventilation
Reduce the human exposure by changes in procedures, work-area
access restrictions, worker rotation
Worker rotation, training
Personal Protective Equipment / Clothing
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Ear plugs / muffs, safety glasses / goggles, respirators, gloves, clothing,
hard-hats
Respirators, gloves, eye protection, ear protection, etc.
Evaluation of hazards
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Measurements
 Air
sampling, noise meters, light meters, thermal
stress meters, accelerometers (vibration)
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Calculation of dose
 Level
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and duration of exposure
Keep records
Acute and Chronic Terminology:
Exposure as well as Response
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Acute exposure: short time / high concentration
Chronic exposure: long-term, low concentration
Acute response: rash, watering eyes, cough from brief
exposure to ammonia
Chronic response: emphysema from years of cigarette
smoking
Routes of Exposure
Inhalation
 Ingestion
 Absorption through the skin
 Less common
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 Injection
 Absorption
through eyes and ear canals
Professional Organizations
(USA)
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American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA),
www.aiha.org, member organization
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American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), www.acgih.org, member
organization for government employees
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American Board of Industrial Hygiene (ABIH),
www.abih.org, independent organization that administers
certification programs for industrial hygiene professional
Hazard Communication
Standard
Hazard Communication
Standard
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Became law under OSHA in 1983
Mandates responsibilities for chemical “providers” (chemical
manufacturers)
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Evaluate chemicals
 Label containers
 Provide MSDS to users
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Mandates responsibilities for chemical “users” (employers)
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Evaluate workplace hazards
 Develop written plan to communicate hazards
Flow of Chemical Information
Manufacturer
Employer
Employee
Written Program
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Lists hazardous materials
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Describes labeling system
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Location of MSDSs
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Information for non-routine hazards explained
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Describes training program
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Explains how contractors’ employees are informed of hazards
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Available to employees, their representatives, OSHA and NIOSH
Three Key Components
Container Labeling
 Employee Training
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 General
 Job
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Specific
Material Safety Data Sheets
Product Container Labeling
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All containers brought into the workplace must be
labeled
 Bags, barrels, bottles, boxes, cans, cylinders, drums,
storage tanks, piping systems
Labels to include:
 Identity of chemical
 Name and address of manufacturer or importer
 Hazard warning
Labeling by Employer
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Containers provided on site must be labeled
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Identity of chemical
Hazard warning
All containers are labeled
Piping systems
Stationary containers, tanks and vessels, process equipment
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May be posted with single sign or placard
Hazard Labels
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NFPA Fire Diamond
 Red: Flammability
 Blue: Health
 Yellow: Reactivity
 White: Special
Numbered 0-4
 0=no hazard
 4=extreme hazard
Employee Training
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General
 Overview of standard
 Implementation at site
Job Specific
 Specific to work area
 Specific to chemicals used
 Updated with new chemicals and processes
MSDS
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Standardized summary of the results of health and safety
research on a chemical product
Available at your work site
If needed information is missing - ASK
If you have a question - ASK
Know the information before you use a chemical
Never rely on looking it up after an accident
Material Safety Data Sheets
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CONTENTS:
 Material Identification
 Hazardous Ingredients
 Physical Data
 Fire and Explosion Data
 Reactivity
 Health Hazards
 Spill, Leak, Disposal Data
 Special Protection Information
 Additional Information
MSDS
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Material Identification
 Product
name/identifier
 Chemical formula
 Manufacturer
 Emergency contacts
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Hazardous Ingredients/Composition
 Chemical
name
 CAS number
 Percentage
MSDS
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Physical Data
 pH, boiling point, melting point, specific gravity, vapor
density
(air = 1)
Fire and Explosion Data
 Flash point, LEL-UEL, NFPA rating
Reactivity Data
 Materials that are incompatible
 Possible reactions
 Stability
MSDS
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Health Hazards
 Routes of Exposure
 How can you be exposed
 Types of Exposure
 Chronic or acute
 Toxicity
 Potential to cause harm
Carcinogenicity
 Cancer causing
Health Hazards - Routes of
Exposure
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How can you be exposed?
 Inhalation
 Breath it
 Ingestion
 Eat or drink it
 Absorption
 Through the skin
Health Hazards - Type of
Exposure
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Chronic Exposure:
 An adverse effect with
symptoms that
develop slowly over a
long period of time
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Acute Exposure:
 An adverse effect with
symptoms that develop
rapidly
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e.g., repeated
exposure to asbestos
e.g., dropped bottle of
acid
Health Hazards - Exposure Limits
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Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
 Regulatory standard set by OSHA
Threshold Limit Value (TLV)
 ACGH recommendation
 Time Weighted Average (TLV-TWA)
 8-hour day and 40-hour week
 Short Term Exposure Limit (TLV-STEL)
 15 min/4X per dayI60 mm interval/TWA not exceeded
 Ceiling Limit (TLV-C)
 At no time to be exceeded
Health Hazards - Toxicity
Determination
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Generally based on animal studies
LC50 Lethal Concentration (in air)
 For 50% of test population
LD50 Lethal Dose (ingested)
 For 50% of test population
IDLH
 Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health
The smaller the level, the more toxic the chemical
MSDS
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Spill, Leak, Disposal Data
 Primarily used by spill team and waste operations
Special Protection Information
 Equipment and precautions for handling
Additional Information
 DOT shipping name and ID number
 TSCA
 SARA 313
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
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Safety Glasses/Goggles
 Chemical, machine
Gloves
 Chemical, work
Garments/Aprons/Smocks
Earplugs/Ear Muffs
Respiratory Protection
Boots
MSDS
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It is Your Right to Know
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It is Your Responsibility to Work Safely
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Know What the Hazards are
...Know How to Avoid Them
HazCom at Home
Chemicals and products used in the home are also
hazardous
 Irritants: chlorine bleach, ammonia
 Toxics: pesticides, herbicides, silver cleaner
 Corrosives: tile cleaner, battery acid
 Flammables: paints, furniture stripper, diesel fuel
 Read warning labels
 Be aware of potential hazards
 Use with care
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Environmental Compliance
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Tools and resources
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EPA
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http://www.epa.gov/epahome/learn.htm
http://www.epa.gov/epahome/enviroq/index.htm
Air Quality Management District (AQMD) (business resources)
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http://www.aqmd.gov/business/businessresources.html