Transcript Slide 1
Environmental
Compliance
Health and Safety Management
Tom Brandon, CPP, CUSA
O (619) 749- 0179
F (619) 749-0182
[email protected]
Professional Certificate in Human Resources
Environmental Compliance
Water Pollution
Air Pollution
Pollution of the land
Key events
Industrial Hygiene
Hazard Communication
Environmental Compliance
Water Pollution
Clean
Water Pollution Control Act
Oil
Water Act
Protection Act
Exxon Valdez
Environmental Compliance
Air Pollution
Clean
Air Act
Amendments of 1990
Kyoto
Protocol
Noise Control Act
Environmental Compliance
Pollution of the land
Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA)
Motor Carrier Safety Improvement Act of 1999
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA)
Resource Conversation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act (CERCLA) “Superfund”
Love Canal
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA)
Environmental Compliance
Key events
Bhopal
http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/india/090226/the-bhopal-disaster-25-years-later
Environmental Compliance
Key events
Bhopal: the Union Carbide gas leak
Chernobyl: Russian nuclear power plant explosion
Seveso: Italian dioxin crisis
The 1952 London smog disaster
Major oil spills of the 20th and 21st century
The Love Canal chemical waste dump
The Baia Mare cyanide spill
The European BSE crisis
Spanish waste water spill
The Three Mile Island near nuclear disaster
Environmental Compliance
Bhopal
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0csW97x8d24
Industrial Hygiene
Part science, part art
Industrial Hygiene is the application of
scientific principles in the workplace to
prevent the development of occupational
disease or injury
Requires knowledge of chemistry, physics,
anatomy, physiology, mathematics
History of IH
Disease resulting from exposure to
chemicals or physical agents have existed
ever since people chose to use or handle
materials with toxic potential
In the far past, causes were not always
recognized
IH Program: Minimum Elements
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Identification of health hazards
Evaluation of health hazards
Control of health hazards
Recordkeeping
Employee training
Periodic program review
Commonly
regarded as the
three phase of
industrial hygiene
Dose-Response Relationship
The toxicity of a substance depends not
only on its toxic properties, but also on the
amount of exposure, or the dose
Differentiated between
Chronic
(low-level, long-term) poisoning
Acute (high-level, short-term) poisoning
Scope of IH
Recognition, Evaluation, and Control of hazards or
agents
Chemical Agents
Physical Agents
Ionizing and nonionizing radiation, noise, vibration, and
temperature extremes
Biological Agents
Dusts, mists, fumes, vapors, gases
Insects, molds, yeasts, fungi, bacteria, viruses
Ergonomic Agents
Monotony, fatigue, repetitive motion
Control of Agents
Controls in this order of preference
1.
Engineering Controls
2.
Administrative Controls
3.
Engineering changes in design, equipment, processes
Substituting a non-hazardous material
Substitute a less hazardous material, local exhaust ventilation
Reduce the human exposure by changes in procedures, work-area
access restrictions, worker rotation
Worker rotation, training
Personal Protective Equipment / Clothing
Ear plugs / muffs, safety glasses / goggles, respirators, gloves, clothing,
hard-hats
Respirators, gloves, eye protection, ear protection, etc.
Evaluation of hazards
Measurements
Air
sampling, noise meters, light meters, thermal
stress meters, accelerometers (vibration)
Calculation of dose
Level
and duration of exposure
Keep records
Acute and Chronic Terminology:
Exposure as well as Response
Acute exposure: short time / high concentration
Chronic exposure: long-term, low concentration
Acute response: rash, watering eyes, cough from brief
exposure to ammonia
Chronic response: emphysema from years of cigarette
smoking
Routes of Exposure
Inhalation
Ingestion
Absorption through the skin
Less common
Injection
Absorption
through eyes and ear canals
Professional Organizations
(USA)
American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA),
www.aiha.org, member organization
American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), www.acgih.org, member
organization for government employees
American Board of Industrial Hygiene (ABIH),
www.abih.org, independent organization that administers
certification programs for industrial hygiene professional
Hazard Communication
Standard
Hazard Communication
Standard
Became law under OSHA in 1983
Mandates responsibilities for chemical “providers” (chemical
manufacturers)
Evaluate chemicals
Label containers
Provide MSDS to users
Mandates responsibilities for chemical “users” (employers)
Evaluate workplace hazards
Develop written plan to communicate hazards
Flow of Chemical Information
Manufacturer
Employer
Employee
Written Program
Lists hazardous materials
Describes labeling system
Location of MSDSs
Information for non-routine hazards explained
Describes training program
Explains how contractors’ employees are informed of hazards
Available to employees, their representatives, OSHA and NIOSH
Three Key Components
Container Labeling
Employee Training
General
Job
Specific
Material Safety Data Sheets
Product Container Labeling
All containers brought into the workplace must be
labeled
Bags, barrels, bottles, boxes, cans, cylinders, drums,
storage tanks, piping systems
Labels to include:
Identity of chemical
Name and address of manufacturer or importer
Hazard warning
Labeling by Employer
Containers provided on site must be labeled
Identity of chemical
Hazard warning
All containers are labeled
Piping systems
Stationary containers, tanks and vessels, process equipment
May be posted with single sign or placard
Hazard Labels
NFPA Fire Diamond
Red: Flammability
Blue: Health
Yellow: Reactivity
White: Special
Numbered 0-4
0=no hazard
4=extreme hazard
Employee Training
General
Overview of standard
Implementation at site
Job Specific
Specific to work area
Specific to chemicals used
Updated with new chemicals and processes
MSDS
Standardized summary of the results of health and safety
research on a chemical product
Available at your work site
If needed information is missing - ASK
If you have a question - ASK
Know the information before you use a chemical
Never rely on looking it up after an accident
Material Safety Data Sheets
CONTENTS:
Material Identification
Hazardous Ingredients
Physical Data
Fire and Explosion Data
Reactivity
Health Hazards
Spill, Leak, Disposal Data
Special Protection Information
Additional Information
MSDS
Material Identification
Product
name/identifier
Chemical formula
Manufacturer
Emergency contacts
Hazardous Ingredients/Composition
Chemical
name
CAS number
Percentage
MSDS
Physical Data
pH, boiling point, melting point, specific gravity, vapor
density
(air = 1)
Fire and Explosion Data
Flash point, LEL-UEL, NFPA rating
Reactivity Data
Materials that are incompatible
Possible reactions
Stability
MSDS
Health Hazards
Routes of Exposure
How can you be exposed
Types of Exposure
Chronic or acute
Toxicity
Potential to cause harm
Carcinogenicity
Cancer causing
Health Hazards - Routes of
Exposure
How can you be exposed?
Inhalation
Breath it
Ingestion
Eat or drink it
Absorption
Through the skin
Health Hazards - Type of
Exposure
Chronic Exposure:
An adverse effect with
symptoms that
develop slowly over a
long period of time
Acute Exposure:
An adverse effect with
symptoms that develop
rapidly
e.g., repeated
exposure to asbestos
e.g., dropped bottle of
acid
Health Hazards - Exposure Limits
Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
Regulatory standard set by OSHA
Threshold Limit Value (TLV)
ACGH recommendation
Time Weighted Average (TLV-TWA)
8-hour day and 40-hour week
Short Term Exposure Limit (TLV-STEL)
15 min/4X per dayI60 mm interval/TWA not exceeded
Ceiling Limit (TLV-C)
At no time to be exceeded
Health Hazards - Toxicity
Determination
Generally based on animal studies
LC50 Lethal Concentration (in air)
For 50% of test population
LD50 Lethal Dose (ingested)
For 50% of test population
IDLH
Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health
The smaller the level, the more toxic the chemical
MSDS
Spill, Leak, Disposal Data
Primarily used by spill team and waste operations
Special Protection Information
Equipment and precautions for handling
Additional Information
DOT shipping name and ID number
TSCA
SARA 313
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Safety Glasses/Goggles
Chemical, machine
Gloves
Chemical, work
Garments/Aprons/Smocks
Earplugs/Ear Muffs
Respiratory Protection
Boots
MSDS
It is Your Right to Know
It is Your Responsibility to Work Safely
Know What the Hazards are
...Know How to Avoid Them
HazCom at Home
Chemicals and products used in the home are also
hazardous
Irritants: chlorine bleach, ammonia
Toxics: pesticides, herbicides, silver cleaner
Corrosives: tile cleaner, battery acid
Flammables: paints, furniture stripper, diesel fuel
Read warning labels
Be aware of potential hazards
Use with care
Environmental Compliance
Tools and resources
EPA
http://www.epa.gov/epahome/learn.htm
http://www.epa.gov/epahome/enviroq/index.htm
Air Quality Management District (AQMD) (business resources)
http://www.aqmd.gov/business/businessresources.html