Transcript Table of Contents

Training Program Entry/Exit
STOP
•
Click on the “up or down” button to move
through training program and advance slides.
•
To end training presentation and move to the selftesting portion of this training, first click on “Esc”
key to the upper left of keyboard, then click on
“BACK” arrow browser key located in the TOP
LEFT OF THE SCREEN. This will take you back to
the program testing page. Then proceed with the
testing according to on-screen instructions.
Chemical Hazard
Communication Training
(OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1200)
OSHA Hazard Communication
This training will cover the following:






What are hazardous chemicals
How do hazardous chemicals affect the body
What are the different types of hazardous
chemicals
How to read product labels
How to find critical information in safety data
sheets
How to protect yourself from hazardous
chemicals
3
Hazard Communication
What is hazard communication?
HAZARD COMMUNICATION PLAN: A set
of written standards designed to reduce
workplace illness and injury by ensuring
that all employees are familiar with the
names and potential hazards of the
chemicals they handle and understand the
precautions necessary for protecting
themselves and others against any
possible risks.
Hazard Communication training is required
by OSHA and the employer.
4
Hazard Communication
What is a “hazardous chemical”?
A hazardous chemical is any
chemical that can cause injury
or illness.
Most industrial chemicals can
harm you at some level.
It depends on the level at
which you were exposed.
Each individual’s sensitivity to
chemicals will vary greatly.
5
Hazard Communication
How do hazardous chemicals
affect the body?
The effect a chemical has on the
body depends on several factors:
• The physical form of the chemical
• How the chemical enters the body
• The amount of chemical that
actually enters the body - the dose
• The toxicity (poisonous) of the
chemical.
6
Forms of Chemical Exposure
All chemicals exists in one of three forms:
Solid
Liquid
Gas
7
Forms of Chemical Exposure
Solids – Dusts and Particulate
Dust or powder can be released
into the air by cutting, drilling,
grinding or sanding and inhaled.
Dust can also be stirred up by dry
sweeping and inhaled.
8
Forms of Chemical Exposure
Solids – Fumes and Fibers
Fumes are extremely small droplets
of solids, such as metal formed when
it has been vaporized by high
temperatures (welding)
Some compounds are fibers which
can be similar to dusts but they have
an elongated shape (like asbestos or
fiberglass)
9
Forms of Chemical Exposure
Solids – Dust, Particulates, Fumes
Fibers
Solids in the air can settle out
on work surfaces, cups, plates,
utensils, and food.
The settled solids can be
swallowed with food or drinks.
10
Forms of Chemical Exposure
Liquids
Liquids can come into direct
contact with the skin and be
absorbed into the body.
Liquids can be sprayed and form
mists or evaporate and form
vapors which can be inhaled.
Airborne mists can also settle out
and contaminate food or drink.
11
Forms of Chemical Exposure
Gases and Vapors
Gases are chemicals that are in the gas
phase at room temperature.
Vapors evaporate from substances that
are liquids or solids at room
temperature.
Gases and vapors enter the body
typically by inhalation.
12
How Chemicals Enter the Body
There Are Three Principle Routes of Entry:
• Ingestion – swallowing the chemical
• Inhalation – breathing in the chemical
• Absorption – the chemical is absorbed
into the skin surface
13
How Chemicals Enter the Body
Ingestion (Swallowing)
Chemicals that are swallowed are
absorbed in the digestive tract.
Chemicals can rub off dirty hands and
contaminate food, drinks or tobacco
products which are ingested.
Chemicals in the air can settle on
food or drink and be swallowed.
14
How Chemicals Enter the Body
Inhalation (Breathing)
Airborne chemicals are breathed in
through the mouth or nose and
absorbed in the respiratory tract.
• The size of particles or droplets
can affect where the chemical
settles in the respiratory tract.
• Where the chemical settles in
the respiratory tract determines
what symptoms or diseases will
develop.
15
How Chemicals Enter the Body
Skin Absorption
• Some chemicals can pass
through the skin and be taken
into the body’s systems.
• Solvents and pesticides are
examples of compounds that
can be absorbed through the
skin.
16
Chemical Toxicity
Toxicity: how poisonous are chemicals?
Dose - The effects of any toxic
chemical depends on the amount of the
chemical that actually enters the body.
Acute Toxicity - the measure of how
toxic a chemical is in a single dose over
a short period of time.
Chronic Toxicity – the measure of the
toxicity of the chemical over a long
period of time or multiple exposures.
17
Chemical Toxicity
Chronic Toxicity and Acute Toxicity
Some chemicals will only make you
sick if you get an ‘acute” (one time)
or high dose all at once. Example ammonia
Some chemicals are known for their
chronic or long-term exposure
effects. Example - asbestos
Most chemicals have both acute and
chronic effects. Example – carbon
monoxide
18
Chemical Toxicity
Chemical Exposure Limits
Many chemicals have exposure limits,
or allowable exposure to the chemical
in the air.
These limits can be “peak” limits
called PELs or Permissible Exposure
Limits
Other limits are based on 8-hour
average exposure levels (Threshold
Limit Value or TLVs).
Regulations require exposures be kept
below these limits for safety.
19
Toxic Chemicals
Carcinogens
Carcinogens are cancer-causing
compounds.
Some chemicals are known
human carcinogens, others are
only suspected as carcinogens.
OSHA has additional regulations
covering the general use of
carcinogens, and specific
restrictions for several known
human carcinogens.
20
Toxic Chemicals
Other Groups of Toxic Chemicals
Teratogens
Teratogens are compounds that can
harm the developing fetus, causing
birth defects or death.
Mutagens
Mutagens cause genetic mutations or
changes. These mutations can cause
birth defects or other problems in
offspring and may lead to cancer.
21
Toxic Chemicals
Other Groups of Toxic Chemicals
Sensitizers
Sensitizers can “switch on” a reaction
in an individual worker.
• The reaction to a sensitizer
depends upon the individual worker.
• Once a worker becomes sensitized
to a compound, smaller exposures
can cause a reaction, and the
reactions can become more severe.
22
Corrosive Chemicals
Corrosive Chemicals
Acids and bases are common
corrosive chemicals
Corrosive chemicals are capable of
damaging skin, eyes and the
respiratory system on contact.
23
Corrosive Chemicals
Examples of Corrosive Chemicals
Sulfuric Acid
• lead acid batteries
Ammonia
• cleaning compounds
Acetic Acid
• cleaning compounds
Chlorine
•Bleach
24
Corrosive Chemicals
If you are exposed to a corrosive chemical
use:
Safety Eyewashes or bottles
Water (for splashes on the skin)
25
General Hazardous Chemicals
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Protective gloves & clothing
Goggles and faceshields
Aprons or coveralls
26
Flammable Liquids
Properties of Flammable Liquids
•It is the liquid’s vapor rather than the liquid itself that
ignites when mixed in certain proportions with air in the
presence of an ignition source.
•The flammability of a liquid depends on its
physical properties:
•Vapor Pressure
•Flash Point
•Limits of Flammability
•Vapor Density
27
Flammable Liquids
Vapor Pressure
• Vapor pressure is a measure of how
fast a liquid evaporates.
• The higher the vapor pressure the
more rapidly the liquid will evaporate.
• Vapor pressure will change with the
temperature of the liquid.
28
Flammable Liquids
Flash Point
The flash point is the lowest temperature that
a flammable liquid can generate enough
vapor to mix with air and ignite.
29
Flammable Liquids
Limits of Flammability
• The limits of flammability is the range that
a mixture of air and vapor can burn.
• Mixtures can be too lean (not enough
vapor) or too rich (too much vapor) to ignite
and burn.
30
Flammable Liquids
Flammable Limits Example
A chemical must be at a concentration in air between the LEL (lower explosive
limit) and the UEL (upper explosive limit) to ignite and burn
31
Flammable Liquids
Lower Explosive Limit – LEL
In most work situations, the
“lower explosive limit” (LEL) is
the main concern.
Vapors from flammable liquids
can often be found in the
workplace, but are typically too
diluted to catch fire or explode.
Without proper ventilation,
these vapors can quickly go
above the LEL in small room
or confined space like a tank.
32
Flammable Liquids
Vapor Density
• “Vapor density” is a measure of how
heavy a vapor is compared to air.
• Vapors with a density greater than
1.0 are heavier than air and can
collect near the floor and concentrate.
• This could create a fire/explosion
hazard if the vapor flows to an
ignition source.
33
Metals
Hazards of Metals
Metals can be both physical hazards and health
hazards in some cases.
• Some metals can ignite and explode under
certain conditions such as magnesium or fine
dusts of other metals such as aluminum
• Most common metals, such as– iron,
aluminum and copper, do not pose a health
hazard.
• Others can be very toxic – lead, cadmium,
mercury, beryllium
34
Getting Employee Information
How do you get information about
hazardous chemicals?
You can get information on a
specific chemical or
compound in two ways:
• from the product label,
• The product label is easiest,
and quickest way to obtain
basic information
• from the product SDS or
safety data sheet.
• The SDS is the most
thorough information source.
35
Getting Employee Information
What information is on the product
label?
• The manufacturer,
• The name of the product,
• a hazard warning,
• a list of hazardous ingredients
36
What are product Labels?
Labels are information
on the product container.
There are several label
elements:
 Symbols called
“Pictograms”
 Signal Words
 Hazard Statements
 Precautionary
Statements
 Product Identification
 Supplier/Manufacturer
Identification
Labels: Pictograms




There are 9 pictograms new to chemical labeling.
Pictograms are pictures designed to convey a
specific chemical hazard to the viewer.
They are designed to get the users attention and
include specific hazard warnings.
They are designed to apply across languages.
Labels: Pictograms – Health Hazards
Acute toxicity (Severe)
Acute = short-term effect
Acute toxicity (Less Severe):
Irritant
Dermal sensitizer
Acute toxicity (harmful)
Narcotic effects
Respiratory tract irritation
Labels: Pictograms – Health Hazards
(continued)
Skin corrosion
Serious eye damage/
Eye irritation
Carcinogen
Respiratory sensitizer
Reproductive toxicity
Target organ toxicity
Mutagenicity
Aspiration Hazard
Labels: Pictograms – Physical
Hazards
Explosives
Self reactives
Organic peroxides
peroxides
Flammables
Self reactives
Pyrophorics
Self heating
Emits flammable gas
Organic peroxides
Labels: Pictograms – Physical
Hazards (continued)
Corrosive to Metals
Oxidizer
Gases under Pressure
What is a safety data sheet?
Safety data sheets or “SDSs” are
information sheets on products
that:
• tells what chemicals are in the
product,
• what the hazards of the
chemicals are,
• how to protect yourself from the
hazards.
The SDS is the most
comprehensive source of
information on the chemical.
43
Safety Data Sheets (SDSs)
16-section SDS format – each section provides
specific targeted information
Section 1 – Identification
Section 2 – Hazard(s) identification
Section 10 – Stability and Reactivity
Section 11 – Toxicological Information
Section 3 – Composition / Information
on Ingredients
Section 12 – Ecological Information*
Section 4 – First-aid Measures
Section 5 – Fire-fighting Measures
Section 6 – Accidental Release
Measures
Section 7 – Handling and Storage
Section 8 – Exposure Controls /
Personal Protection
Section 9 – Physical and Chemical
Properties
Section 13 – Disposal Consideration*
Section 14 – Transport Information*
Section 15 – Regulatory Information*
Section 16 – Other information
including date of preparation of last
revision
Safety Data Sheets (Sections)
Section 1 – Identification:
Identifies the chemical on the SDS as well as the
recommended uses. It also provides the essential
contact information of the supplier.
Section 2 - Hazards Identification:
 Hazards of the chemical presented on the SDS
 Appropriate warning information associated with
those hazards.
Safety Data Sheets (continued)
Section 3 – Composition / Ingredients:
Identifies the ingredient(s) contained in the product
indicated on the SDS, including:
 impurities and stabilizing additives.
 information on substances, mixtures, and all
chemicals where a trade secret is claimed.
Section 4 - First-Aid Measures:
Describes the initial care that should
be given by untrained responders to an
individual who has been exposed to the chemical.
Safety Data Sheets (continued)
Section 5 – Fire-Fighting Measures:
Provides recommendations for
fighting a fire caused by the
chemical.
Section 6 - Accidental Release Measures:
Provides recommendations:
 Appropriate response to spills, leaks, or releases,
(e.g. containment and cleanup practices)
 Response for large vs. small spills, if different.
Safety Data Sheets (continued)
Section 7 – Handling and Storage:
Provides guidance on the safe handling
practices and conditions for safe storage of
chemicals.
Section 8 – Exposure Controls /
Personal Protection:
Indicates the exposure limits, engineering
controls, and personal protective measures
that can be used to minimize worker
exposure.
Safety Data Sheets (continued)
Section 9 – Physical and Chemical Properties:
Identifies physical and chemical properties
associated with the substance or mixture.
Section 10 – Stability and Reactivity
Describes the reactivity hazards of the chemical and
the chemical stability information. Includes:
reactivity, chemical stability,
and other.
Safety Data Sheets (continued)
Section 11 - Toxicological Information:
Identifies toxicological and health effects information
or indicates is data unavailable.
Section 12 – Ecological Information*
Section 13 – Disposal Consideration*
Section 14 – Transport Information*
Section 15 – Regulatory Information*
Safety Data Sheets (continued)
Section 16 – Other Information
Indicates when the SDS was prepared or when the last
known revision was made.
The SDS may also state where the changes have been
made to the previous version.
Example
SDS
52
Protecting Yourself
You can protect yourself from
hazardous chemicals by:
1) Knowing what is in the product you work
with,
2) Using the smallest amount
of a chemical to do the job,
3) Maintaining machinery and
equipment to prevent leaks or
releases,
53
Protecting Yourself
Protect yourself from hazardous chemicals by:
4) Using ventilation to reduce
amounts of chemicals in the
air,
5) Enclosing a chemical
process as much as possible,
6) Wearing personal
protective equipment, per
SDS.
54
Protecting Yourself
In the case of a leak or spill, protect
yourself and others by:
Immediately alert area occupants and
supervisor, and evacuate the area, if
necessary.
If there is a fire or medical attention is
needed, contact 9-1-1.
If a volatile, flammable material is
spilled, immediately warn everyone,
control sources of ignition and ventilate
the area.
Don personal protective equipment, as
appropriate to the hazards. Refer to the
Safety Data Sheet or other references for
information.
55
Protecting Yourself
If you believe you have been exposed to a
chemical and feel sick:
Report to your supervisor
Find out what the chemical was
Follow the first aid and response
directions in the SDS
Get medical attention, as needed
Use PPE if going back to the area
or let authorities handle
emergencies.
56
Polychlorinated Biphenyls
(PCB’s)




Prior to 1979, PCB’s were widely used as
dielectric and coolant fluids in transformers,
capacitors, and electric motors.
Due to PCBs’ toxicity and classification as a
persistent pollutant, PCBs use was banned in
1979. PCB is a suspected human carcinogen.
When encountering oil spills, keep in mind that
PCB units may still be found.
Use the precautions learned in this program to
limit or prevent your potential exposure to PCB’s.
57
Spill Protection Control and
Countermeasures (SPCC)




Oil is stored and used in various electrical
equipment throughout our distribution system and
facility.
A SPCC plan has been prepared by your employer
pursuant to the Environmental Protection Agency’s
Oil Pollution Prevention Regulations.
Always follow the plan procedures and safety
guidelines when you encounter oil spills.
Training on SPCC response will be provided in a
separate training program to affected staff.
58
To Learn More

•
•
•
•
Review OSHA Standard: Title 29 Code of Federal
Regulations (CFR), 1910.1200 and 29 CFR 1926.59
Read and understand your written facility hazard
communication plan.
Talk to your supervisor or a person in charge of your
hazard communication program.
Talk to your Indiana Electrical Cooperatives Regional
Compliance Consultant or Job Training and Safety
employee.
Many community and internet resources are also
available.
59
Training Program Exit to testing
STOP
To end training presentation and move to the self
testing portion of this training, first click on “Esc”
key to upper left of keyboard, then click on
“BACK” arrow browser key located in the TOP
LEFT OF THE SCREEN. This will take you back to
the program testing page. Then proceed with the
testing according to on-screen instructions.