Transcript Board of Cosmetology Inspectors’ Training Sept. 12, 2005

Improving Health and Safety in
Massachusetts Beauty Salons
Training developed for the Massachusetts Division of
Professional Licensure
Board of Cosmetology Inspectors
Fall 2005
By the Massachusetts Healthy Cosmetology
Committee
(Toxics Use Reduction Institute and the Department of
Work Environment University of Massachusetts Lowell,
MA Division of Occupational Safety, MA Department of
Public Health, Pioneer Valley Project)
Improving Health and Safety in
Massachusetts Beauty Salons
Fall 2005
September 12 ~ Chemicals and Health, Toxics
Use Reduction and
Regulations
September 26 ~ Proper Ventilation in
Salons and OSHA Requirements
October 24th ~ Safe and Effective Disinfection
November TBA ~ Model Salon and Virtual Health
and Safety Inspection
Overview
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Introduction
Chemicals and Health
Information and Protection
Toxics Use Reduction
Regulations
Summary and Questions
Discussion
•
Why do you inspect salons?
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•
Who is served by the BOC and its inspectors?
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•
•
What do you inspect for?
What two or three conditions are the mark of a
clean and safe salon?
How do you communicate with those you serve?
How do you protect the public’s health?
What do you think about the odors, chemicals
and air quality in salons?
Chemicals and Health
• What’s an example of a chemical hazard in
salons?
• Toxic vs. Hazardous
• Who is potentially affected by chemicals in
salons?
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–
–
–
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Salon owners and workers
Family members
Customers
Employees and residents near salons
Inspectors
Environmental effects via water, waste and air
How chemicals affect us
•
Types of effects:
–
–
•
Contact: skin or eye or throat irritation
Systemic: breathe in and chemicals go to “target
organs” e.g. (solvents to brain)
How they get in our bodies
–
–
–
–
–
Skin contact (relaxer burn)
Skin adsorption (acrylics)
Inhalation (nail polish remover vapor, nail dust)
Injection (“needlesticks”)
Ingestion (on food, hands, cigarettes, accident)
Forms of chemicals
• Aerosols: particles suspended in air
– Dusts and mists (ex. Nail dust, hair spray)
– Smaller particles go deeper and cause more disease
• Vapors: gas over a liquid (ex. Ammonia)
– Commonly called “fumes”
– The more volatile (easily evaporated into the air) the
greater the concentration of the vapor in the air
– The higher the temperature, the more in the air
• Gases (ex. Steri-Dry)
• Liquids (ex. Barbicide)
• Bulk products (ex. hair dye)
Concentration
ppm = parts per million
Example: 1000 parts acetone per 1 million parts air
mg/m3 = milligrams per cubic meter
Example = 15 milligrams dust per cubic meter of air
Important: Odor doesn’t always tell you how much is there!
Chemical exposure
• Timing of Exposures
– Acute exposures (high levels, infrequent) =
spill
– Chronic exposures (low levels, frequent) =
cleaning with alcohol
• Mixed exposures
• Inhalation exposures measured by
sampling breathing zone concentrations
over time
Timing of Effects
• Acute effects happen immediately or soon after
exposure
– Examples: burns, asthma attack, throat irritation,
dizziness
• Chronic effects build up over time
– Examples: cancer, asthma, allergies (sensitizers)
• Developmental/reproductive: exposed when
pregnant, or trying (infertility, miscarriage,
developmental defects)
• Effects may be irreversible or reversible when no
longer exposed
Human Health Studies (Nails)
• Few human health studies
– Increased spontaneous abortions (John, 1994)
– Neurocognitive deficits (LoSasso, 2001; 2002)
– Respiratory irritation (Hiipakka, 1987)
• Many case reports on other exposed workers
and clients
– sensitization from acrylics (both allergic contact
dermatitis and asthma)
– nail damage (onycholysis)
Human Health Studies (Hair)
• Reproductive
– Lower birth weight babies
• Respiratory
– Sensitization leading to asthma
– Upper and lower respiratory irritation (cough, shortness of
breath, bronchitis)
• Skin
– Sensitization leading to allergic contact dermatitis and other skin
problems
• Cancer
– Bladder and lung
– Occupation as hairdresser = exposures that probably are
carcinogenic
Chemicals of particular concern
• Formaldehyde
– Found in lots of salon products
• Small amounts in many nail polishes, esp. as TSF resin
• Active ingredient in Steri-Dry as “paraformaldehyde”
– Gas in air (respiratory) and skin contact
– Use of Steri-Dry can exceed short-term limits
– Health Effects
• Acute: watery eyes; burning sensations of the eyes, nose,
and throat; coughing; wheezing; nausea; and skin irritation
• Chronic: Carcinogen (nasal and leukemia); sensitization
(allergy)
– AVOID EXPOSURE!
Chemicals of particular concern
• Acids and bases
– At either end of the pH scale
• Acids pH < 7 (neutral), Bases pH >7
– Both cause burns and irritation
– Acids: nail primer, neutralizers, hydrogen
peroxide
– Bases: relaxer, perms, ammonia
Chemicals of particular concern
• Acrylics
– Main ingredients in sculptured nails
– Strong smell at low concentrations
– Powder polymer and liquid monomer
• Liquids: ethyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate
– Sensitizers (asthma, dermatitis), irritation,
miscarriages?
– Skin and nail damage
Chemicals of particular concern
• Solvents
– So called because other stuff “dissolves” in them
– Organic solvents used extensively in salon products:
alcohol, acetone, toluene, xylene, butane
– Readily vaporize into salon air
– Most solvents cause same short-term and long-term
effects:
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•
•
•
•
CNS suppression (dizziness, nausea, spaciness)
Skin defatting and irritation
Possible reproductive effects
Possible liver and kidney damage
Possible brain-damage (memory loss, decreased dexterity)
Other hazards in salons
• Emergencies and violence
• Blood borne pathogens and infectious
agents
• Safety/Fire
• Musculoskeletal
Chemical Hazard Mapping
• Draw a salon environment (hair or nails)
• Mark on the map where chemical hazards
are found
– Blue = dusts
– Red = vapors/gases
– Purple = liquids/bulk
• Mark hazards with dots with many dots to
indicate higher concentrations
Protection from Hazards in the
Salon Environment
Effective prevention strategy
Prevention at the source
(substitution, elimination)
Prevention in the pathway
(local exhaust ventilation)
Prevention at the person
(gloves and masks, training)
Prevention at the source
• Reduces or prevents exposure
– Via all routes (skin, breathing)
– All the time (regular use, bulk chemical
handling, cleaning up spills, busy periods)
– Without relying on people to be able to follow
directions, read in English
– For all people (including sensitive ones) and
the environment (doesn’t shift risk)
• May be difficult to make happen
Prevention in the pathway
Local exhaust ventilation
Prevention in the path
• General exhaust ventilation or dilution
ventilation
– Brings in fresh air, exhausts bad air via HVAC,
open doors and windows
– Does not prevent exposure, but may lower
concentration levels
– Some systems may have air cleaners
– Critical for healthy indoor environment
Prevention at the person
• Respiratory protection
– Dust masks may prevent some dust
exposure, but don’t stop chemical vapors!
– Chemical cartridges with half-face respirators
• Good work practices include keeping
containers closed; avoiding skin exposure,
esp. during bulk chemical handling
• Training important, but challenging
How do we get information about
chemicals?
• 1983 OSHA Hazard Communication
Standard requires
– Employee Right to Know
• Training
• MSDS, labels
• Chemical testing:
– animal studies
– human studies (workers)
MSDS Exercise
• MSDS stands for Material Safety Data Sheet
• Most important sections are:
– Ingredients/composition
– Hazard identification/health hazards
– Fire and explosion hazards
– Handling and storage information
– Exposure control measures
• Every ingredient and product sold that will be used
by someone at work has a MSDS available from the
manufacturer
• Salons must have MSDSs for all products and labels
on all products
Toxics Use Reduction and
Best Practices
What is Toxics Use Reduction
Planning Process
(TUR)?
Concept
Waste
Management
Tool
90
80
70
60
50
East
40
West
30
North
20
10
0
1st Qtr
2nd Qtr
3rd Qtr
4th Qtr
State Pollution
Prevention Program
Techniques
I. Massachusetts Toxics Use
Reduction Program
Executive Office of
Environmental Affairs
TURA Program
Department of
Environmental
Protection
Office of
Technical
Assistance
Toxics Use
Reduction
Institute, UMASS
Lowell
What is TUR?
• Toxics Use Reduction Concept
– Minimization of pollution and hazards from
chemical contamination through reduction,
elimination, or substitution of the toxics
substances at the point where they are produced
or used.
Toxics Use Reduction
• TUR is NOT:
– treatment of toxic waste
– dilution of toxics
– transfer of toxics from one medium to another
(soil to water)
TUR in Practice
 TUR involves systems analysis and a
planning process:
 Why is this chemical being used?
 Is there another method that will negate the
need for the chemical?
 If the activity truly requires chemical use, is
there a safer alternative?
 If no alternatives exist, is the chemical
being used efficiently?
TUR Techniques
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Chemical Substitution
Product Reformulation
Process (Redesign) Change
Equipment Modernization
Improved Operations & Maintenance
(Housekeeping)
6. Reusing (recycling) substances
Chemical Use
Chemical Releases to the
Environment
COMMUNITY TUR
• While TUR was developed for a
manufacturing-facility focus, the TUR
approach can be applied to other areas:
– Household chemical use.
– Municipal Operations: DPW garages/facilities,
local water treatment plants, state or local
building grounds-maintenance, etc.
– Small businesses: auto body, dry cleaning, food
service, hair and nail salons.
TUR Techniques in “Cleaning”
• Use less toxic products (substitution)
• Use less product or proper dilution
(process change)
• Pump instead of aerosol (product
redesign)
• Proper mixing, covering containers
(improved operations and maintenance)
• Training students in sanitation (improved
operations and maintenance)
TUR in FOOD ESTABLISHMENT
Lexington Health Department
Purpose of Project
•Examine chemical usage in food
establishments
•Determine barriers and means of
promoting TUR in this environment
•Examine means of integrating TUR into
establishment operation and inspection
process
Why Is TUR Important in Food
Establishments?
 High usage of chemicals: cleaners, degreasers, sanitizers and
pesticides in environment, on food (e.g., Victory product)
 Limited training of workers on safety and handling
 Threat to public health through food contamination
 Threat to worker through occupational exposure
 Effect on environment
 Conflict between sanitation requirements and toxics usage
Practices Observed during inspections
Overuse or inappropriate use of chemicals
Usage of unnecessary chemicals
Failure to dilute: higher exposure
No knowledge of product contents or safety
issues
Questionable application of pesticides
(routine, use of foggers)
Minimal safety equipment/training
MSDS not available
No knowledge of pesticides in use or IPM
Advantage of TUR for Food Establishments
Greater worker safety
Improved food safety
Benefit to environment
Decreased costs
Improved pest management, long term
Public perception of establishment
Key Messages for Food Establishments
Non-Toxic Alternatives
Degreaser-Borax on a damp cloth
Floor cleaner-1 cup vinegar in 2 gallons water
Oven cleaner-2 tbsp liquid soap with 2 tsp of borax in warm water
Window cleaner-2 tbsp vinegar in 1 quart warm water
OSHA Requirements
•Promote safety and awareness
•Applicable to restaurants
•Personal protective equipment (gloves, goggles, eye wash, storage, training)
•Hazard communication standard
Employee Training Program
Integrating TUR Into Food
Establishments
•Provided literature/training-awareness
•Ongoing reinforcement through inspections
•Developed web-based training program
•Distributed mailing on subject of IPM and toxics
control
•Integrated issues into inspection program
•Carry out extensive inspections with expert on IPM
•Developed model IPM program for food
establishment
•Passed regulation requiring IPM along model of
Children and Families Protection Act
Why would Salons want TUR?
Emerging Knowledge in Toxics and Health
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Lack of Product and Toxicity Testing
Known health risks associated with exposure to many
chemicals
Impacts at Lower Exposure Levels and Timing of
Exposure
Increase in environmentally-related diseases
Disruption of Hormone Systems
Reproductive Effects
Why would Salons want TUR?
• Reduce chemical exposure for the public and
for workers
• Improved (safer) workplace environment
• Reduce liability (fire, spills, contamination,
exposure)
• Public Image - “Green Operation,” care
about environment and workers
• Market advantage
TUR Techniques
1. Chemical (Product) Substitution (Replace
hazardous products with safer ones!)
2.
3.
4.
5.
Product Reformulation
Process (Redesign) Change
Equipment Modernization
Improved Operations & Maintenance
(Housekeeping)
6. Reusing (recycling) substances
TUR in Cosmetology
• Use less toxic hair dyes ~ non-permanent
dyes (semi, demi)-(substitution and process
change)
• Avoid Coal tar dyes, lead acetate
(substitution)
• Use pump sprays instead of aerosols
(substitution)
• Keep product containers and barbicide
containers covered (improved Operations &
Maintenance)
TUR in Cosmetology
• Avoid products with formaldehyde,
toluene, phthalates (substitution)
• Physical straightening instead of
chemical straightening (process change)
• Lower pH products (substitution)
• Natural nail care rather than artificial
nails (process change)
• Establishing a separate chemical
storage and mixing room
(improved O & M)
Chemical (Product) Substitution
Permanent Hair Dyes
Chemicals of Concern
• Para-Phenylediamines
– Derivatives from coal tar.
– Darker dyes have more
phenylediamine.
– Other names: 2, 4 diaminoanisole
para-dyes
• Health Affects
– Can cause cancer.
– Can cause changes in genetic
information in sperm and egg
– Can cause severe allergies
and
dermatitis.
Try plant derived dyes:
Henna (triggers asthma)
Chamomile for lightening
Saffron
Beet juice
Use semi-permanent dyes without:
Para-Phenylediamines
Ammonia
Resorcinol
Chemical (Product) Substitution
Relaxers
Chemicals of Concern
Sodium Hydroxide (Lye)
• Problem
– highly alkaline and corrosive
• Health Effects
– burn skin and scalp
– cause blindness
– irritant to skin, eyes,
respiratory system
• Alternative Product
– Bisulfates
Lye Based Product
Example of a No-Lye Product
Promo
Designer Touch Sensitive
Scalp No Lye Relaxer
relaxes without the
irritation that sometimes
occurs with other relaxer
products.
Example of a No-Lye Product
Promo
This patented No MixNo Lye lithium
hydroxide relaxer with
Vitamin E provides
maximum silky
straight results on all
textures of hair.
Chemical (Product) Substitution
Hair Bleaching/Lightening
Chemicals of Concern
• Protinator and activators
containing oxidizers such as
potassium persulfate and
ammonium persulfate can
cause respiratory irritation. Hierarcy of Lighteners:
1.
• When ammonium
persulfate is heated to speed
the bleaching process, it can
produce toxic fumes.
• Hydrogen Peroxide can be a
skin irritant
Oil Bleaches (mildest)
2. Cream Lighteners
3. Powder Bleaches
*Use bleach without the boosters.
*When using boosters, try potassium
persulfate boosters instead of
ammonium persulfate boosters.
Chemical (Product) Substitution
Nail Finishes
Chemicals of Concern
Toluene (solvent)
Reproductive Toxin
Formaldehyde
(preservative,
polymer)
Carcinogen
Phthalate (Plasticizer)
Endocrine Disruptor
Chemical (Product) Substitution
Nail Finishes
Some Products That Are
Toluene,
Formaldehyde, and
Phthalate -Free
• L’Oreal Paris Jet-Set Quick Dry
Nail Enamel
• Revlon Nail Enamel
• Garden Botanika Natural Color
Nail Color
• Kiss products, Kiss Color
Improved Operations (Work Practices)
Application of Methacrylates
Reducing Exposures From Vapors
•
Use a small mouthed dispenser
with a pressure-sensitive stopper
and a small opening just large
enough to fit the applicator brush
into and for the applicator to
hold the nail liquid.
•
Keep the container closed when not in use.
•
Mix only the amount you need per application.
Improved Operations and Maintenance
• Do not eat or drink in
application area.
• Do not store food in
chemical storage
areas.
• Do not smoke in
application or
chemical storage
area.
Improved Operations and Maintenance
• Prevent product contact on
worker and clients’ skin.
• No living or sleeping in the
salon.
• Keep all products covered.
• Keep table free of product
residues and dusts.
• Label all containers.
• Wash hands between
customers and before eating.
Improved Operations and Maintenance
Managing Vapors from Waste
• Dispose of solution
soaked gauze and
other cleanup
materials in a sealed
container or bag.
• Keep a lid on the trash
can and dispose of
daily.
Regulations
BOC Regs Compared
School Hrs
CEU*
Salons/inspector
Vent. Req in
salon licensing
MMA restricted
MA
100
None
402d
Yes
RI
300
None
167
Noe
CT
Nonea
N/A
N/A
N/A
NH
300
None
94
Yes
VT
400b
None
10
Yes
ME
200c
None
60
Yes
NY
250
None
85
Yesf
Yes
No
NO
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
a Manicuring is not regulated in Connecticut, though legislation is in legislative committees. No
license required for manicure, but cosmetician license (1,500 hrs) for pedicures.
b or an 8 month apprenticeship
c or 400 apprenticeship hours.
d based on 3 inspectors, 1,206 salons
*Continuing education credits are required in Florida (16 hours/per renewal period), Georgia
(5), Illinois (10), Indiana (16), Iowa (8), Kentucky (6), Nebraska (8), Ohio (8) and South
Carolina (6)
e Rhode Island makes reference to state Building Code requirements which may require
ventilation
f New York says that only chemical mixing areas and eating areas must have ventilation.
Environmental Requirements
• RI: Section: 18.0 STRUCTURAL, AIR AND ENVIRONMENTAL
REQUIREMENTS, EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
• .1 A shop, place of business or establishment licensed to practice
hairdressing and cosmetic therapy, manicuring or esthetics must
meet the following structural requirements:
• .1 the Fire Safety requirements of the State Fire Code;
• .2 the State Building Code Commission requirements;
• .3 the local zoning laws; and
• .4 Federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
standards for air contaminants as published in the Federal Register
CFR 1910.1000 "Air Contaminants".
VT: 8. shop area shall be sufficiently ventilated to exhaust hazardous or
objectionable airborne chemicals, and allow the free flow of air;
D. Chemical storage and emergency information:
1. shops and facilities shall have, in the immediate working area, a
binder with all Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for chemical products
used. These are provided by manufacturers;
2. shops and facilities shall have a blood spill clean-up kit;
3. flammable chemicals shall be stored in a flammable storage cabinet
or a properly ventilated room; and
4. chemicals which could interact in a hazardous manner (oxidizer,
catalysts and solvents) shall be separated in storage.
MA: Every salon shall be equipped with proper and adequate lighting and
ventilation and kept in clean, orderly and sanitary condition.
ME: C. The establishment must be adequately ventilated at all times.
NH: (e) Mechanical ventilation shall be provided by a method of supply air
and return or exhaust air in all schools and shops, with a minimum
exchange rate of 35 cubic feet per minute.
(m) The shop or school shall have Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
required by OSHA under 29 CFR 1910.1200 (g) for products being used.
NYS: §160.25 Chemical storage and MSDS
(a) Any chemicals used in the conduct of appearance enhancement shall be
mixed only in a dispensing area which has adequate ventilation.
(b) Flammable and combustible chemicals shall be stored in a metal cabinet
remote from potential sources of ignition, such as an open flame or an electrical
device.
(c) All nail care chemicals must be stored in closed bottles.
(d) An owner have on file all Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for
inspection. MSDS must be stored in a metal file accessible to all employees.
§160.26 Product labeling
In order to assure the safe provision of services to the public, all products used
in the conduct of an appearance enhancement business must be maintained
with the original manufacturer labeling intact. All bottles containing poisonous or
corrosive substances shall be additionally and distinctly marked as such and
shall be stored in an area not open or available to the public.
OSHA Regulations
• Regulated by OSHA.
– DOS can provide compliance assistance, but
cannot enforce OSHA.
• Governs
– Hazard Communication Standard – MSDSs,
RTK training, Haz Com Plan
– Formaldehyde Standard
– Eyewash Standard
– Blood Borne Pathogen
Hazardous Waste Regulations
• Regulated by the MA Department
of Environmental Protection
• Governs:
– The amount and length of time a
waste can be stored.
– How the waste must be stored.
– Signage for the area and containers.
– Emergency response.
– Licensing and Paperwork.
– Criteria for designing and
maintaining the storage area.
Federal Fire Regulations
Written Emergency Action/Fire Prevention Plan – OSHA 1910.38
• Regulated by OSHA.
• Governs:
• Written plan required if 10 or more employees
(otherwise oral).
• Emergency Response Equipment.
• Includes methods to prevent fires (including storage
of flammables).
• Includes Emergency Escape Procedures, meeting
place, etc.
State Fire Regulations
• Regulatory Jurisdiction
• Regulated by the Office of the State
Fire Marshal.
• Enforced locally by the Fire
Department.
• Governs flammable dispensing and
storage:
• Storage equipment.
• Storage permit and/or license
requirements.
• Emergency response system.
Building Code
• Regulatory Jurisdiction
– Regulated by the State Building Inspector.
– Enforced locally by the Municipal Building Inspector.
• Types of issues found in salons:
–
–
–
–
Shared wall construction.
Shared ventilation systems.
Use of locations not designed for business.
Inadequate systems or systems not used correctly.
• Governs:
– Ventilation - mechanical and natural
– Ingress and Egress
– Smoke alarm and fire sprinkler systems
Noisome Trade
Odor Complaints/Nuisance
Noisome Trade
Odor Complaints/Nuisance
• Regulatory Jurisdiction
– Board of Health
– Enforced locally by local Health
Department/Agent
• Governs: (see Town of Sharon Regs.
Sanitary Code
• Regulatory Jurisdiction
– Regulated by the MA Department of Public
Health
– Enforced locally by local Health Department.
• Governs:
– Hot water
– Sanitation
Licensing
• Regulated by the MA Board of Cosmetology.
• Governs:
– The opening and licensing of salons.
• Occupancy Permit
• Electrical Permit
• Building Permit
– The licensing of technicians.
– The operation of the salon.
– Equipment and Hygiene Procedures
Opportunities to Improve H & S in
Salons
Vocational
Training
Medical
Surveillance
Physician
Training
Licensing
• Practitioner exam
• Salon Inspection
Inspections
Product
Reformulation
Consumer
Ed/Demand
Continuing Education
(not required)
Trade Shows
Discussion
• What are the barriers to improving salons,
especially the air quality?
• What are the opportunities for improving
salons?