Transcript Computer Based Training

Equality and diversity in jobs for migrants:
Analysis of the personnel policies
in European cities
Anna Ludwinek
Eurofound (Dublin)
17/07/2015
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Outline
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Brief information on Eurofound and CLIP
Diversity and equality in jobs for migrants – key
findings
Recommendations (European, national, local)
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European Foundation (Eurofound)
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Established in 1975
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First EU Agency
(DG Employment & Social Affairs)
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Tripartite Board
‘To provide information, advice and expertise – on living and
working conditions and industrial relations in Europe – for key actors
in the field of EU social policy on the basis of comparative
information, research and analysis’
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European Foundation for the Improvement of
Living and Working Conditions
Monitoring & Surveys Unit
Comparative analysis of information EU 27
Network of European Observatories
Employment &
Competitiveness
Industrial Relations
& Workplace
Developments
Living Conditions &
Quality of Life
Information & Communication
Web content
Publications
Events
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Integration of migrants as key policy challenge
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Important role of cities in the integration of migrants
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Implementation of national integration policies
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Innovative local policy developments
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Indirect part of the emerging coordination process on migration policy on EU
level (‘global approach to migration’)
Role of EU
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Role of CLIP (Cities for Local Integration Policy)
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Increasing role of EU on migration and integration policies
Support cities, EU institutions, Social Partners, migrant organisation, NGOs
Role of research
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Provide knowledge and expertise
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Support dialogue
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Diversity: Interaction with different ethnic,
religious and national groups during last
week
76
80
65
60
47
43
40
in %
20
0
EU 27
U.K.
Poland
Source: Eurobarometer on
intercultural dialogue, 2007
Estonia
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Views and experience of European citizens
on discrimination: Ethnic origin
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Perceived (“Widespread” versus “rare”)?
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EU27: 62% “widespread” versus 33% “rare”
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“Widespread”: countries
Denmark, Sweden, Italy, France, Greece, NL: 75-79%
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Direct experience?
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EU27 and Spain: 2%
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Slovakia, Hungary, UK, Luxembourg, Estonia: 4-6%
Witnessed in the last 12 months?
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EU27: 14%
Perceived discrimination on the labour market: 58%
Base: Eurobarometer study (2008 in EU27)
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What is CLIP?
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Cities for Local Integration Policies for migrants
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Network 30 European cities managed by the European Foundation (EUAgency): Start January 2006
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Strategic partners: (CoE, CoR, EC, CEMR, ENAR)
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Research support by six leading European research centres
Policy Objectives
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Improve local integration policies and practice on the European,
national, regional and local level
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Organise a systematic exchange of experience on ‘what works’ between
local authorities in Europe
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Support the articulation between the European and the local level on
good experience in order to deliver a more effective integration policy
for migrants
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Who is who? Cities in the CLIP network
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Cities in all regions of Europe
Participating cities in the network:
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Dublin, Newport, Wolverhampton, Antwerp, Liege, Amsterdam,
Breda, Luxembourg
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Frankfurt, Stuttgart, Arnsberg,
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Prague, Budapest, Zagreb, Tallinn, Wroclaw
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Copenhagen, Turku, Malmo, Sundsvall, Helsinki,
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Terrassa, Mataro, Barcelona, Valencia
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Athens, Lisbon, Torino, Bologna, Istanbul, Izmir, Zurich
Mix of medium sized and larger cities
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How does CLIP operate
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Effective peer review process between cities by describing, comparing
and evaluating local policies
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Combine analysis with action research, build-up trust
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Involve organisations of migrants, NGOs, Social partners
Themes
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Housing conditions and segregation of migrants
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Personnel policy of local authorities and provision of social services for
migrants
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Intercultural relations in particular with Muslim communities
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Ethnic entrepreneurship
Output
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Case studies, comparative analysis, practical policy recommendations
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Process
Research
Group
Common Reporting
Scheme
(CRS)
Concept
document
Framework
Co-operation between
reseachers and cities
Steering
Commitee
Case studies
Cities
Comparative
overview report
Policy
guidelines
(local,
national
EU)
4-day
field visits
Time: 11 months
Concept
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publication
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Diversity and equality policy of CLIP cities
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CLIP focused on two areas
 Personnel policy of cities for migrants
Administration
Service provision
Companies in public ownership
 Service provision for migrants
Background and importance:
 Local authorities are often the largest or second largest single employer in the city
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Cities are key service providers to migrants
Local authorities are a significant employer in Europe (4-6%)
Contribution of CLIP
 25 case studies in European cities
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Overview report and policy recommendations
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Employment profile of migrant workers in local
authorities: Availability of information
on ethnic background
Over 40% cities have no information as regards migrant employees in their staff
•Total numbers
•Occupation or positions of migrants in their workforce
•Different views and practices on monitoring
Basis 25 CLIP cities
50
44
40
40
30
16
20
10
0
No information on migrant or Information on migrant
ethnic origin
background
Information on foreign or
national ethnic minority
background
Source: European Labour Force
Survey 2007
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Share of migrant employees in local
authorities in comparison to population
% migrant employees in city
40
35
30
25
20
% migrant population
36
25
15
10
5
0
22
20
12
10
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Malmö (S)
Stuttgart (D)
Breda (NL)
Source: CLIP study on equality and
diversity in jobs and services in
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Terrassa (ES)
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Employment profile of migrant employees
in local authorities: Quality of employment
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Concentrated in manual/ less senior posts e.g. Stuttgart
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Overall figure (services and companies owned): 10%
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Administration: 7%
Companies owned: 25%
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Highest and higher grades: 1 to 3%
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Clerical grade: 8%
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Manual grade: 41%
High % of migrants with short term contracts
Higher % of migrants contracted and outsourced services
Results regarding low quality of employment of migrants are
confirmed for EU by “Employment in Europe Report 2008”
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Personnel policy of cities regarding migrants:
Challenges
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Lack of data on employees with migrant background in order to:
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Identify problem, analyse barriers
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Monitor progress
Lack of clear vision:
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Importance of city jobs in wider integration strategy
Assumption ‘we treat everyone the same’ ensures equal access
to jobs & promotion
Hostile media/staff
Low staff awareness regarding the value of a diverse workforce
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Jobs in local authorities for migrants:
Barriers
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Legal and procedural restrictions of recruitment of third country
migrants
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Public administration
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Public service
Overall reduction of staff in local authorities
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Array of different departmental responsibilities
Language requirements
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Bar on any recruitment
Unnecessary high
Slow recognition of qualifications
Concerns of customer resistance
Necessary resources: advertising, translation, data collection,
outreach – cost money & staff time
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Recommendations EU level:
More guidance and review restrictions
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Provide guidance for cities on concepts, terminology, legal
obligations and good practice
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E.g. difference between positive discrimination and positive action
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E.g. extent to which contracts with external service providers can
meet equality standards without breaching EU procurement rules
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Publication on new Commission website on integration
Review legal restrictions on access of non-EEA nationals to
municipal jobs
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Fund comparative study by Commission or FRA
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Investigate: Rationale, impact and necessity
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Consider ‘reasonable’ restrictions
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Recommendations EU level:
Review strategic guidelines of
European Employment Strategy
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Objective of EES: Improve labour market integration of migrants
and specific groups of migrants
Conditions of local labour markets: Cities are often the largest or
second largest employer
Role of cities: Use the substantial room of manoeuvre to implement
EES objective regards migrants as public employer
Recommendation for EES: Stress the importance of cities as direct
employers of migrants and as role models for the private sector
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Recommendations EU level: Strengthening
the sector social dialogue
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Role: Social Partners have a key role in the influencing employment levels
and employment conditions for risk groups on the labour market such as
migrants
Activity: Council of European Municipalities and Regions (CEMR) and
the European public service union (EPSU) started recently
a sector dialogue on employment, employment conditions
and diversity management in local authorities in Europe
Role of European Commission:
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Inventory of innovative collective agreements in local authorities on diversity
management and inclusion of migrants
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Series of European and national seminars with the Social Partners to discuss
the results of the inventory and of the CLIP project
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European Integration Fund
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Recommendations EU level: Use of the
European Social Fund (ESF)
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Role: ESF plays an important role in developing human capital
of risk groups on the labour market, like migrants
Conditions: Migrants are overrepresented in jobs of local
authorities with low qualification
Recommendation: Support for training of migrant workers of local
authorities should be explicitly included into the ESF guidelines
Effect: More migrants in higher positions would support to
overcome the under-representation of migrant workers in public
authorities
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Recommendations for the national level
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Require cities to promote equality of opportunity
Include local public employment policy in national integration
plans for migrants
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Encourage national social dialogue
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Review procedures for recognition of qualifications
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Inform migrants about their rights
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Recommendations – local level
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Move beyond antidiscrimination procedures
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Effective monitoring, review legal and procedural barriers to jobs
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Recruitment methods
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Diversity into contracts with external providers (Copenhagen,
Stuttgart, Wolverhampton)
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Thank you
More information on:
http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/areas/populationandsoc
iety/clip.htm
[email protected]
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