Transcript Slide 1

Topic D2. Monitoring, Reporting and
Verification (MRV) for Wetlands
Daniel Murdiyarso, Lou Verchot and Martin Herold
Topic D2. Slide 2 of 21
Outline

Introduction

Scope
• Measurement
• Reporting
• Verification

What is MRV intended for?
• National Communication
• Biennial Update Reports
• NAMA

Planning the MRV systems for REDD+

Wetlands MRV systems

Summary
Topic D2. Slide 3 of 21
Introduction

An important procedure built in a systematic way to
• generate transparency
• built trust on their effectiveness and
• facilitate decision-making

Can be used to estimate:
• emissions at national, regional, sectoral levels
• impacts of mitigation policies and actions
• financial flows/technology transfer/capacity
building and their impacts

Without a robust MRV projects would have
difficulties in finding markets
Topic D2. Slide 4 of 21
Scope: Measurement

Measurements can be applied at different levels
(national, sub-national), as well as sectoral and facility
(factory)

Establish baselines as a reference point for setting
future mitigation targets

Involve a range of organizations in the measurement
process including public and private sectors

Multiply activity data (AD), e.g. energy statistics, with
country-specific emission factors (EFs) to achieve an
estimate of total emissions.
Topic D2. Slide 5 of 21
Scope: Reporting
Reporting, which is intended for the production of
National Communications, Biennial Update Reports
(BURs), and Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions
(NAMAs) includes:

Sectors activities and types of gas

Institutional arrangements

Methodologies used, data sources, underlying assumptions,
QA/QC procedures

Methodology used to determine the uncertainty

Methodology of baseline construction
Topic D2. Slide 6 of 21
Scope: Verification

Verification helps implement quality assurance and
quality control (QA/QC) procedures at national level,
in order to improve transparency, accuracy,
consistency, completeness, comparability and the
overall confidence in the emission estimates.

Intended for both for data providers and the national
entity responsible for compiling the emissions
estimates

Verification is not supposed to control countries but
rather to install an international learning process and
to foster continuous improvement.
Topic D2. Slide 7 of 21
MRV of National Communication

Developed countries are required to submit information
on their national greenhouse gas (GHG)
inventories annually.

They also submit national communication periodically,
according to dates set by the COP.

The sixth national communications from these countries
was due by 1 January 2014.

At COP16, it was decided that developing countries
would submit their national communications (which
include national GHG inventories) every four years.
Topic D2. Slide 8 of 21
MRV of Biennial Update Reports
(BURs)

At COP17, it was decided that developing countries should submit
their first biennial update reports by December 2014 and the
subsequent ones every two thereafter.

It contains updates of national greenhouse gas inventories,
including a national inventory report and information on
mitigation actions, needs and support received.

The least developed country Parties and small island developing
States may submit biennial update reports at their discretion.
Topic D2. Slide 9 of 21
MRV of NAMA
 Concerns on the impacts of mitigation policies and
actions
 Helps identify national priorities as well as challenges
and opportunities
 Policy planning and prioritisation and improving policy
coherence – important to keep track of lessons learnt
 For internal national record, tracking progress e.g.
emission reductions and progress to achieving objectives
 To demonstrate to donors the emission reduction and
impacts of NAMAs
Topic D2. Slide 10 of 21
What is NAMA?

The concept of Nationally Appropriate Mitigation
Actions was introduced in the Bali Action Plan 2007

Implemented by developing country Parties in the
context of sustainable development through Unilateral
NAMA or Supported NAMA

They are enabled by technology, financing and capacity
building, in a measurable, reportable and verifiable
manner

The role of carbon markets in financing NAMAs is under
discussion among various stakeholders and includes the
concept of credited NAMAs
Topic D2. Slide 11 of 21
Planning the MRV system for REDD+

Define initial priorities for capacity development:
•
understanding the national REDD+ implementation strategies
and policies
•
identifying high priority areas to focus MRV activities (and
demonstrations) using a stratified national approach

Early actions will need to deal with partial MRV but
leakage need to be assessed nationally

Link with evolving benefit sharing mechanisms

Synergy of national and local monitoring
•
Role of local communities and experts in REDD+
implementation
Topic D2. Slide 12 of 21
Framework for national REDD+ monitoring
National forest monitoring (i.e. carbon)
National GHG inventory (IPCC GPG)
Past
Herold , 2012
Current
Future
Topic D2. Slide 13 of 21
Framework for national REDD+ monitoring
REDD+
National
strategy and
implementation
National forest monitoring (i.e. carbon)
National GHG inventory (IPCC GPG)
Past
REDD+ Phase 1
Herold , 2012
Future
Current
Phase 2
Phase 3
Topic D2. Slide 14 of 21
Framework for national REDD+ monitoring
REDD+
National
strategy and
implementation
National forest monitoring (i.e. carbon)
National GHG inventory (IPCC GPG)
Reference level (stepwise improvement)
Past
REDD+ Phase 1
Herold , 2012
Future
Current
Phase 2
Phase 3
Topic D2. Slide 15 of 21
Framework for national REDD+ monitoring
REDD+
National
strategy and
implementation
Local REDD+ monitoring
MRV of REDD+ actions
(national)
National forest monitoring (i.e. carbon)
National GHG inventory (IPCC GPG)
Reference level (stepwise improvement)
Past
Herold , 2012
Future
Current
REDD+ Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Topic D2. Slide 16 of 21
REDD+
National
strategy and
implementation
Local REDD+ monitoring
MRV of REDD+ actions
(national)
National forest monitoring (i.e. carbon)
National GHG inventory (IPCC GPG)
Reference level (stepwise improvement)
Past
Herold , 2012
Future
Current
REDD+ Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
REDD+ performance (national)
International verification
Framework for national REDD+ monitoring
Topic D2. Slide 17 of 21
International
Reporting
National level
MRV
• National priorities and
strategies for local REDD+
implementation
• National datasets and streams
for local use
• Capacity development and
revenue stream (for MRV)
• MRV guidance & standards
• National data infrastructure
and quality control of local
measurements
• Monitoring of leakage
• REDD+ participation and
safeguards
• Local data collection as input to
national monitoring (forest
inventory, regular and near-real
time tracking of forest change
events)
• Performance reporting (longterm) for local implementation
activities
• Independent data sources for
validation purposes
Local level
Monitoring
Pratihast et al., 2013,
Topic D2. Slide 18 of 21
Wetlands MRV systems: foods
for thought
 Use international verification to anticipate participation in
results-based schemes
 Adopt 2013 Supplement of 2006 IPCC Guidelines
 Take advantage of existing national forest monitoring and
inventory systems
 Cover emissions and removals estimates, and consistency
with reference levels
 Interim reporting can catalyse progress on MRV and broader
climate change mitigation agenda
Topic D2. Slide 19 of 21
Concluding remarks
 Continuous MRV improvements is important to
encourage broad participation and step-wise progress
 National forest monitoring system in place
 Linking data and emission estimates to financial
incentives and benefit sharing
 Reduce uncertainties by improving institutional and
individual capacities at all levels
 Sustained support on the national and sub national
processes from the international level
 Developing countries, especially those with extensive
wetlands have opportunities to develop their MRV
systems
Topic D2. Slide 20 of 21
References
Herold M, Angelsen A, Verchot LV, Wijaya A and Ainembabazi JH. 2012. A stepwise framework for
developing REDD+ reference levels. In Angelsen et al, eds. Analyzing REDD+: Challenges and choices.
Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR.
Pang Y, Thistlethwaite G, Watterson J, Okamura S, Harries J, Varma A, Le Cornu E. 2014. How to set up
national MRV system. GIZ.
Pratihast AK, Herold M, De Sy V, Murdiyarso D and Skutsch M. 2013. Linking community-based and national
REDD+ monitoring: A review of options for implementation. Carbon Management 4(1):91–104.
Romijn E, Herold M, Kooistra L, Murdiyarso D and Verchot L. 2012. Assessing capacities of non-Annex I
countries for national forest monitoring in the context of REDD+. Environmental Science and Policy
15:33–48.
Thank you
The Sustainable Wetlands Adaptation and Mitigation Program (SWAMP) is a collaborative effort by CIFOR, the USDA Forest Service, and the
Oregon State University with support from USAID.
How to cite this file
Murdiyarso D., Verchot L, Herold, M, 2015. Monitoring, Reporting and Verification [PowerPoint presentation]. In: SWAMP toolbox: Theme D
section D2. Retrieved from <www.cifor.org/swamp-toolbox>
Photo credit
Aulia Erlangga/CIFOR, Daniel Murdiyarso/CIFOR, Dita Alangkara/CIFOR, Kate Evans/CIFOR, James Maiden/CIFOR, Nanang Sujana/CIFOR, Neil
Palmer/CIAT, Ramadian Bachtiar/CIFOR, Yayan Indriatmoko/CIFOR.