Transcript Infectious Disease in Mesa County

Infectious Disease in Mesa
County
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Plague
West Nile Virus
Colorado Tick Fever
Hantavirus
Plague
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Bacteria: Yersinia pestis
Flea bite (78%),Direct animal contact (20%),
Aerosolized animal Urine/Feces (2%)
Human cases
April-November (93%)
 Increased activity of fleas and hosts
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Types
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Bubonic Plague= 80-90% of cases
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Septicemic Plague- Systemic spread
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Signs: Fever, malaise, chills, headache, “Bubos”
and possibly vomiting, abdominal pain, nausea,
petechiae
Signs: Similar to bubonic, plus Prostration,
circulatory collapse, septic shock, organ failure,
hemorrhage, Necrosis of extremities,
Microthrombi blocking capillaries
Pneumonic Plague
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Incubation: 1-6 days
Primary - Y. pestis inhaled
Secondary - septicemic form spreads
Signs: Fever, chills, headache, septicemia
Respiratory distress, hemoptysis
Person-to-person possible
Treatment
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With early treatment –
Survival ~100%
Supportive treatment
Antibiotics treatment
 Aminoglycosides
 Streptomycin,
kanamycin
 Doxycycline, tetracycline,
chloramphenicol
Penicillins and
cephalosporins are NOT
effective
Prevention
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Don’t handle dead animals
Report animal die-offs
Rodent-proof home
Use insect repellent
Treat pets for fleas
Treat rodent sites
Take pet to vet if symptoms
develop
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Redness or swelling around
mouth
See a health care provider if
human symptoms develop
The West Nile Virus
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Flavivirus-a virus, NOT a bacteria. Antibiotics are ineffective.
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Infects humans, birds,
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Ecology & Transmission
mosquitoes, horses and other mammals
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Culex species(43 species) of mosquito is cause of human cases.
Isolated number of cases from ticks
Human Disease:
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Incubation: 3-14 days
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80% asymptomatic or mild flu-like illness
20% develop sudden fever, weakness, headache, myalgia, nausea,
vomiting
Symptoms last 3-6 days in mild cases
Severe illness develops in less than 1% (1:150) infected with the
neurological component- Encephalitis (meningoencephalitis)
Incidental hosts
Amplifying hosts
Birds
Vectors
Culex sp., Aedes sp.,
Ochlerotatus sp.
Humans, horses,
and other animals
Prevention
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Eliminating larval habitats
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Tires, bird baths, containers,
rain gutters, unused swimming
pools
Avoid mosquito habitats
during dawn and dusk when
they are most active
Adjust watering times and
sprinkler heads to prevent
water pooling
Protection
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Reduce time outdoors
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Wear long pants and sleeves
Use mosquito repellent
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Especially evening hours
30% DEET, Picaridin, or
Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus
Do not use DEET on
your animals- check with a
vet.
Make sure all window screens
are intact
Use yellow “bug” light bulbs
in outdoor light fixtures
Mosquito Control
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Mesa County Health
Department
 Larviciding outside of
district boundaries
 FREE larvicide samples
for home use
Grand River Mosquito
Control District
 Expanded control area
 Increased staff and
budget
City of Grand Junction
 Treating catch basins
 Treating ponds and
drainage areas
Colorado Tick Fever
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Most common tick-borne disease in Colorado
Caused by virus
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Maintained in rodent-tick cycle
Transmitted by bite of infected tick
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Attached for several hours to transmit enough
virus to cause illness
Symptoms
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Fever
Headache
Body aches
Nausea
Abdominal pain
Lethargy
Treatment
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Currently no treatment
Treat symptoms
Recovery will take 2-3
weeks
Not life threatening
Infection produces lifelong immunity
Hantaviruses
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A “viral hemorrhagic fever”
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)
 Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS)
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Recent Cases:
Four Corners Outbreak
 May 2003: Montana, 3 cases
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Deer Mouse
Peromyscus maniculatus
L.L. Masters
House Mouse
Mus musculus
Cotton Rat
Sigmodon hispidus
Transmission of Hantaviruses
Chronically infected
rodent
Horizontal transmission of
infection between same
species by contact
Virus is present in
aerosolized excreta,
particularly urine
Secondary aerosols, mucous
membrane contact, and skin
breaches are also a
consideration
Signs
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Incubation period 14-17 days
Early stage: Fatigue, fever, myalgia, headache and lasts
3-5 days
Later stage 4 to 10 days after initial signs:
 Coughing and shortness of breath
 Rapidly progressive, non-cardiogenic pulmonary
edema and severe hypotension
 Hospitalization and ventilation required usually
within 24 hours
Patients can recover with early supportive care
Prevention
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Limit exposure to mouse excrement
Control rodents indoors
Control rodents outdoors
Use safety precautions when cleaning rodent infested areas
Minimize your exposure when enjoying outdoor activities
Prevent access to food sources
 Keep food preparation and cooking areas clean
 Cover pet and human food overnight
 Store garbage in tightly covered or elevated container
Rodent trapping
Internet Resources
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CDC All About Hantavirus
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CDC Infectious Disease Pathology Activity
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www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/plague/index.asp
CDC - Division of Vector-borne Infectious Diseases
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www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hanta/hps/noframes/printgenlsect
ion.htm
CDC - Plague information
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www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hanta/hps/noframes/phys/clinical.
htm
www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/index.htm
Mesa County Health Department Website
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http://health.mesacounty.us/