Transcript Document

communication
• Communication is the mutual exchange of
information and understanding by any
effective means.Giving information is not
enough,just because a person hears does
not necessarily mean that person also
understand.So,it must have mutuality of
undrestanding.
Elements of communication
• Source (Who sends messages):Sender
• Target (To whom it is directed):Receiver
• Message (what
sent):data,Voice(video,audio)
• Media(through
which):Air,mw,optical,cupper cable
• Response (what effect):Clearity
Wireless Communication
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Communication is the information(message)
transfered between source to destination via
air.
WirelessTechnology
1. CDMA
Skyphone,fixed phone,postpaid,3G
Capacity-10 lakh
2. GSM( FDMA)
Prepaid,post paid,3G
Capacity-50 lakh
Wireless Evolution
• Analog-1G-amps,nmt,tacs etc
• Digital-2G-GSM,pdc,tdma,CDMA
• Wideband-3G-WCDMA,edge-CDMA 2000
Landmarks before 3G
• 1776 A.D.:speaking telegram(Graham
Bell).
• 1897: First wirelee tramission(marconi).
• 1946:first public mobile telephone.
• 1970:first digital switch.
• 1982: first commercial cellular system.
• 1992:first fully digital cellular system GSM
Disadvantages of Analog Cellular
Systems
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High terminal and services costs.
Low capacity.
Difficult to develop new services.
Low level of security.
What went wrong with analog
cellular system
• Many different standareds,only national
business.
• Communication can be tapped.
• Terminals are not dissociate trom the
subsciber.
• More bandwith consumption.
• Poor voice and data quality
• Expensive terminals.
The feature and benefits in GSM
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Superior speech quality
Low terminal cost.
Low service cost
High level of security.
Support of low power handheld terminals.
Variety of new services
International roaming
Open system
FEATURES&BENEFITS OF 3G
• BENEFITS
1. WORLD MARKET
2. OPEN SYSTEM
3. INTERNATIONAL
ROAMING.
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4.
BENEFITS FROM
DIGITAL
LOW TERMINAL AND
SERVICE COST
SUPERIOR SPEECH
QUALITY
HIGHER DATA RATE
HIGH LEVEL OF
SECURITY.
3G Mobile
• Nepal Telecom has been providing 3rd
Generation Mobile service since May 17 ,
2007. Customers can enjoy various
multimedia sevices with this type of mobile
frequencies
• CDMA Frequency:
450Mhz,800Mhz,1900Mhz
Working-800Mhz
• GSM Frequncy:900MhZ,1800Mhz
Working-new:-1800Mhz
old :- 900Mhz
Services
(mobile)
• Teleservices:
Telephony,Eemergency calls,Short
messages
• Bearer services:
bearer of facilities.
• Supplementary services:
call forwarding,call waiting,multy party
services.calling line identification etc.
Channels
• Channel: An individually-assigned,dedicated pathway through a
transmission medium for one user’s informaton.
1. FDMA-Fequency Division Multiple Access
>each user on a different frequency.
>a channel is a frequency.
2. TDMA-Time Division Multiple Access.
>each user on different window period in time(time-slot).
>a channel is a specific time slot on a specific frequnncy.
3.CDMA-Code Division Multiple Access.
>a channel is aunique code pattern.
>each user uses the same frequncy all time.
Why 3G ?
1. Higer bandwith enables a range of new
applications.
2. For the consumer
1. video streaming,tv broadcast.
2. video call,video clips-news,music,sports.
3. Enhanced gaming,chat,location services.
3. For Business
1. High speed teleworking/vpn access
2. Sales force automation
3. Video conferencing
4. Real time financial information
Main two evolution paths into
mobile multi-services
1.
GSM Technology
2000A.D-2G-GSM-<28.8kb/s
2001/2002 –First step into 3G-GSM(technology)-64 to
144kb/s
2002-2003-3G(WCDMA)-384 to 2mb/s
2004+:3g(wcdma)-384 to 10 mb/s
2. CDMA technology
2000A.D-2G-CDMA-1-<28.8kb/s
2001/2002-First step into 3G-CDMA2001x-64 to
144kb/s
20002/2003-CDMA 2001xev -384 to 10mb/s
Status of 3G subscribers worldwise
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159 Commercial 3g operators
71 in countries.
203 million subscribers.
In nepal 20 t(ktm valley only).
In nepal 560 subscriber.
3g mobile call rates
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3G Mobile Service - Call Tariff List all Tariffs
Applicable Tariff for 3G Mobile Service:-
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Total Cost - Rs 4195.00
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Talk Time - Rs.3500.00
(above rates are inclusive of applicable taxes)
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Validity - 18 months
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Video Call - Rs 10.00/ minute *
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Data Service/ Video Streaming - Rs 0.02/ KB *
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Recharge Procedure & Validity as Namaste Prepaid Mobile
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Rates for Voice, SMS, VMS, CRBT, MMS and other voice related services will be applicable as
Nepal Telecom prevailing Namaste Mobile tariff.
* exclusive of applicable taxes
Definitation of streaming media
• Definition
1.Content:Audio,video,character,picture,grap
hics and cartoon etc.
2. Technology:transfer continuous media
using streaming method.
3.Mobile streaming media:transfer over
mobile networks,play terminal is mobile
phone
Definitation of streaming media
• Characteristics
interactive:VOD,live transmission,video
monitoring.
Real-time:play at same time while
downloading.
Temporary:after playing the media ,the
contents of don’t reside in the termimal.
Streaming and downloading
• Streaming
Sreeaming media server
RTSP://Streaming.server.com
Media player
Streaming and downloading
• Downloading
Media-player
www
Web server
FTP://www.server.com
Standard of mobile streaming
media
1.
Player
Fileformat:.mp4,.3gp.3g2
2. server
Protocal:RTSP,RTP,SDP
RTSP=Real Time Streaming Protocal
RTP=real time transport protocal
SDP=session description protocal
RTCP=real time transport control protocal
3. Encording:
CODEC,h.meg-4,AMR,AAC,EVRC,MIDI.QCELP
Format of streaming media
1.
File format
3gp,3g2,mp4
2. Synthesizing format
SMIL,XHTML
3. Graphics and picture
JPEG,GIF89A,GIF87A,PNG,SVG
4. Audio
Amr-nb,amr-wb,aac-lc,sp-midi,evrc,13k,qcelp
5. Vidio
h.263,, mpeg-4,h.267
Format of streaming media
Unicast,Multicast,Broadcast
1.Unicast:
it establishes a separate data channel between
client terminal and the streaming media
server.only one client can receive the data
packet sent from the server.Users send separate
queries to the streaming media server,which
transmits a copy of the requested data
packet,back to client.
Format of streaming media
2.Multicast:
the multicast technology constructs a
kind of network with multicast
capacity,allowing the router to copy
packets to multiple channels at the same
time.
Format of streaming media
3. Broadcast
In broadcast mode,all the users on the
network receive one copy of data
packet.users receive streams in a passive
way .clients receive streams but have no
control over them.functions such as
start,stop,move backward,fast-forwad and
pause are nor available.
Mobile TV (TV in Pocket)
• Service function:Through mobile phone watch TV
program
• Support termimals:LG(c950,c960,c260,c270)Nokia3150,Samsung(e159,m299,1539)
• Service prices:
1. per month(rental)=40 yuan
2.Data fee=30yuan
3. Unlimited fee/m/y=400yuan
> service characteristic:watch TV any where any time.
Business application
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Mobile music:video songs.
Mobile TV (TV in pocket):news
Mobile sports:football,boxing,cricket.
Mobile weather:different cities weather
Mobile moniter:traffice,school,family
Mobile fun:cartoon cimema,cartoon ,fun
etc.
Field of application
• The system can be applied widely to:
>Traffice monitor,monitor inside the long distant
bus,
 The command system of meeting an emergency.
 Home monitor
 Factory environment monitor
 Mine monitor
 Monitor of electric,fire protection,petroleum
 Monitor of program:For eg. personal video show
etc.
Intelligent network
• Pre-paid calling-card service (PCC): access
code 1650 -card
• Advanced free phone service (AFS) :access
code 1660 (toll free)
• Universal access number (UAN) :access
code1670-unique nrfor subsciber
• Pstn crdit limit service (PCL) :access code 1680card
• Pre-paid-home direct service (HCD) :access
code 1690-card
MIS(Management Information
System)
1.Manpower working-5625
Officer-932
Non officer-4693
2. Man power/ thousandline overall telephone-2.3
3.Tot. Telephone distribution overall-24,45,
107
4. Total telephone penetration overall -9.07
5.Telephone distribution in 064/065-8,64,596
GSM
• GSM(prepaid+post paid) mobile-15,15,515
>post paid-1,05,546
>pre paid -14,08,408
> WCDMA Prepaid-561
>Telephone penetration of gsm-5.62
>GSM mobile distribution in this month84151
CDMA
CDMA overall distribution-4,02,368
>CDMA C-phone postpaid-43807
>CDMA sky -2,36,200
>CDMA prepaid C-phone-1,20,889
>CDMA sky data-1472
>telephone penetration of cdma-1.5
>telephone distribution in this month-27,346
SDH (Synchronous Digital
Hierarchy)Systems
• SDHsystem is atechnique in which all the
bits from a plesiochronous bit rate signal
are carried within a single high bit rate
transimission frame.
• it provides faster,less expensive and high
capacity netwok interconnection.
SDH Frame structure
Frame
STM-1
STM-4
Bit rate No of
64kbps voice
E!(2mb/s) channel
155.52 63
63*30=1890
Mb/s
622Mb/ 252
s
STM-16 2.5Gb/s 1008
STM-64 10 Gb/s 4032
252*30=7560
1008*30=30240
Optical fiber
• The transmission medium in fiber –optic
communications systems is a optical fiber.
• The optical fiber is the transparent flexible
filament that guides light from a transmitter
to receiver.
• In the optical,light conducts between
transmitter to receiver.No electrical signal
flow between them.
Block Diagram of fiber-optic
communication link
• information
Electronic
transmitter
Optical
transmitter
Optical
fiber
Optical
receiver
Electronic
receiver
Nt
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Nepal Telecom - Brief Introduction
In Nepal, operating any form of telecommunication service dates back to 94 years in B.S. 1970. But formally
telecom service was provided mainly after the establishment of MOHAN AKASHWANI in B.S. 2005.Later as per
the plan formulated in First National Five year plan (2012-2017); Telecommunication Department was established
in B.S.2016. To modernize the telecommunications services and to expand the services, during third five-year plan
(2023-2028), Telecommunication Department was converted into Telecommunications Development Board in
B.S.2026. After the enactment of Communications Corporation Act 2028, it was formally established as fully
owned Government Corporation called Nepal Telecommunications Corporation in B.S. 2032 for the purpose of
providing telecommunications services to Nepalese People. After serving the nation for 29 years with great pride
and a sense of accomplishment, Nepal Telecommunication Corporation was transformed into Nepal Doorsanchar
Company Limited from Baisakh 1, 2061. Nepal Doorsanchar company Limited is a company registered under the
companies Act 2053. However the company is known to the general public by the brand name Nepal Telecom as
registered trademark.
Nepal Telecom has always put its endeavors in providing its valued customers a quality service since its inception.
To achieve this goal, technologies best meeting the interest of its customers has always been selected. The
nationwide reach of the organization, from urban areas to the economically non- viable most remote locations, is
the result of all these efforts that makes this organization different from others.
Definitely Nepal Telecom's widespread reach will assist in the socio-economic development of the urban as well as
rural areas, as telecommunications is one of the most important infrastructures required for development.
Accordingly in the era of globalization, it is felt that milestones and achievements of the past are not adequate
enough to catch up with the global trend in the development of telecommunication sector and the growth of
telecommunication services in the country will be guided by Technology, Declining equipment prices, market
growth due to increase in standard of life and finally by healthy competition.
Converting NT from government owned Monopoly Company to private owned, business oriented, customer
focused company in a competitive environment, Nepal Telecom invites its all-probable shareholders in the sacred
work of nation building.
Mission,vision and goal
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Mission, Vision and Goal
Mission
"Nepal Telecom as a progressive, customer spirited and consumer responsive Entity is committed to provide nation-wide reliable telecommunication service to serve as
an impetus to the social, political and economic development of the Country"
Vision
"Vision of Nepal Telecom is to remain a dominant player in telecommunication sector in the Country while also extending reliable and cost effective services to all"
Goal
"Goal of Nepal Telecom is to provide cost effective telecommunication services to every nook and corner of country"
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Services
Local calls
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National Trunk Calls
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International Trunk Calls
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International Telegram
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Domestic Telex
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International Telex
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Leased Lines
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Operator -Assisted Int'l Telephone
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Packet Switching Data Communication
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ISDN (Integrated services Digital Network)
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Pay Phone
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Intelligent Network Services
conti
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PCC Easy Call Service
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HCD Service
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AFS Advanced Free phone Service
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Universal Access Number service
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PSTN credit Limit service
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Mobile
Postpaid
Prepaid
Roaming (Incoming & Outgoing)
SMS
CDMA
Fixed Postpaid.
Fixed Prepaid.
SKY phone.
Data Services.
Internet and E-mail.
Dial -up Internet /Email Access
PSTN Dial-up
Fixed hour package
Night Surfing Package
Fixed hour / month package
Unlimited Single User Package
PSTN Bills in the Internet
Post-Paid Mobile Bills
Telephone Inquiry
ISDN dialup
Leased Line Connectivity (n*64kbps)
Web SMS
E-mail Alert
Electronic-recharge -card
• GSM Prepaid Mobile users can benifit the
service of Electronic Recharge Card
Service from your nearest Investment
Bank ATM Booth. Investment Bank ATM
card holders can retrieve the Recharge
PIN Code worth Rs. 200, Rs 500 or Rs.
1000. from the ATM Booth.
Dial 1607 (interactve-voice-record)
• GSM (Post-Paid and Pre-Paid) Mobile and
CDMA SKY Phone users can now get their
PUK number via IVR service.
• 1. local callcharges for pstn& cdma fixed
phone,
• 2. air time charges for gsm/cdma mobile.
PSTN Bill thru IVR
• Dial 1606 from your fixed line phone to get
monthly bill amount and total pending
amount of that number.
ADSL(asymmetric didital
subscriber line)
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Launching 17th baisak
Broadband internet
Capacity-22t
Now ktm valley only
Expand in throughout country within 3 yrs.
Copper cable netwok infrastructur
Services are:high speed internet,vpn(virtual private
network),multicasting,videoconferencing,video-on
demand,broadcasting applications.
• pstn network only
• 8mb/sec maximum
Adsl subscription
• 1month/3 monthlh system
• Two speed schems :128/256kb/s
• Subscription charge at the time of registation
and port charge will be charged at the regular
telephone bill.
• Recuring usages charges( monthly or 3 monthly
) shall be prepaid basic.
• First come first serve basic
• Contact-015545875/4246488
On –going services in ivr
s.n.
Syst
emd
allian
ce
pulse
Pcm Dial char
chan code gr
10
1600 1rs/1
0sec
7
1600 ,,
3
servi
ce
Slc
resul
Cl1112
Slc s
,,
4
4
198
,,
15ch 198
Free per
5
192
,,
,,
192
free
6
bill
,,
20 c
1606 local per
7
voip
,,
4c
188
1
2
1600 ,,
free
occu
pany
2wk/
year
6res
ult
2w/y
Per
per
Pre-paid Calling Card (PCC)
Service
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International calls
12 countries
Nrs 8/minutes(rs 1/7.5sec.)
17th may2008(jesth04,2065)for
two month
• Supported all nt network as
pstn,prepaid/postpaid
cdma/gsm,vsat,payphone.
• Chaina,india,malaysia,singapo
re,bangladesh,pakistan,thailan
d,taiwan,southkorea,hongkong
,usa and canada.
• Eg. Dial 1650+L.S+card nr+pin
nr+access code(1424)+country
code(1)+tel nr.
• No charge will be deducted
from pstn but air time
charge+call charge will be
deducted from easy card
when calling mobile.
Thank You
50