Transcript AAAS - 农学部（现代农业科学研究院）

Behind the scenes at
Science and AAAS
Pamela J. Hines, Ph.D.
Senior Editor
SCIENCE, AAAS
Washington DC
Email: [email protected]
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Supporting you, your science, and your university:
AAAS
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AAAS - Non-profit- - International - - seeks to:
 Enhance communication among scientists, engineers,
and the public
 Promote and defend the integrity of science and its use
 Strengthen support for the science and technology
enterprise
 Provide a voice for science on societal issues
 Promote the responsible use of science in public policy
 Strengthen and diversify the science and technology
workforce
 Foster education in science and technology for
everyone
 Increase public engagement with science and
technology
 Advance international cooperation in science
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• AAAS established in 1848 to
represent all disciplines of
science
• Science founded in
1880 on $10,000 of
seed money from
Thomas Edison
• Total readership > 1
million each week
• Research papers free
after 12 months
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Together since 1900
AAAS Programs – Science and Policy
 Science, Policy and Society
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promotes research competitiveness, scientific freedom and responsibility
 Science Diplomacy
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builds bridges between countries and to promote scientific cooperation
 Research Competitiveness
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provides expertise to organizations engaged in S&T research
 Invention Ambassadors
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cultivates a new and diverse generation of inventors
 Science, Ethics and Religion
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fosters communication between the scientific and religious communities
 Science, Human Rights and Law
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addresses ethical, legal and human rights issues related to science and technology
The AAAS and Science Family
Promoting international cooperation
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AAAS Programs – Science Education
 Project 2061
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Research and development of tools and services for
educators
 STEM Volunteer Program
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Places retired science professionals in K-12 classrooms
 Science Books & Films
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Critical review of science media
 Science in the Classroom
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Annotates research papers to improve accessibility for
non-experts
 Science Update
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Podcasts about the latest discoveries in science,
technology and medicine
The AAAS and Science Family
Decoding complex science
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The AAAS and Science Family
Supporting interdisciplinary research
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The AAAS and Science Family
Broadening opportunities
•Manuscript submission begins Fall of 2014
•First publication expected February 2015
•Spans science, technology, engineering, mathematics,
and the social sciences
•Manuscripts can cascade from Science Signaling,
Science Translational Medicine, and Science
•Selective peer review process, low acceptance rate
•Open access
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In which manuscripts get
submitted, considered, rejected or edited and published
SCIENCE
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Publishing your research
SCIENCE looks for
 Outliers
 Closers
 Leaders
And rejects
 Incremental
advances
 Unconvincing
conclusions
Consider your audiences
Editors, Referees, Expert readers, Non-specialist readers
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What topics does Science publish?
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Submitting a manuscript
 All authors must agree
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All data necessary for
Declare all financial entanglements a reader to
Include all affiliations, and all funding understand and
evaluate the
In the Acknowledgments, list:
conclusions of the
paper should be
 All patents
included in the paper
 All MTAs
 Sources of data from public repositories or its supplement or
archived in an
Later, you may be asked:
approved database.
 What did you contribute to the paper?
All reagents and data
must be made
 What experiments did you do?
available to any
 What data are you responsible for?
reader.
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Your manuscript at Science
Over 200 research papers
submitted each week
Editorial and BoRE analysis
25%
75%
Advice from reviewers
Editorial analysis, revisions,
re-review, & editing
6%
Publication in Science
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94%
Manuscript
rejected
• Typical reasons for early rejection:
– Question addressed is not of broad interest
and therefore belongs in a specialty journal
– The work is not a sufficiently large advance
– The most interesting aspects are speculative
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What do editors do?
Watch and understand research and researchers in a broad field
Handle manuscript submissions across a range of topics
Discuss papers with colleagues, other scientists, authors
Find referees, analyze, evaluate, accept/reject
Attend meetings, visit labs
Edit papers with positive reviews
A bit of writing
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Peer review
Pluses
 Reassuring to the
public
 Improves the quality
of the manuscript
and research
 Helps identify
research worth more
attention
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Minuses
 Not all peer
reviewers avoid bias
 Difficult to know what
is enough and what
is too much to ask for
 Unable to detect
intentional fraud
 Everyone is very
busy
Choosing Referees
Author suggestions should avoid:
More than two exclusions
Your former advisor, students, post-docs
Author suggestions should include:
Young professors, people in other
countries, technical experts in each
subspecialty represented in your
manuscript
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What we ask of Referees
Cite precedents
Elaborate on why significance is broad or too narrow
Confirm that you have not missed details, especially in the Supplement
Be honest with us about how long you will need
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The ideal referee
Qualified
Objective
Constructive
Courteous
Careful
Prompt
Confidential
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Is supplementary material
out of control?
It’s in
your
hands…
Depends on:
What referees ask for (more controls, more raw data),
What authors want to show (data unpublishable elsewhere).
But: Authors and referees are the same people.
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Dealing with the data deluge
Have you uploaded your data to the
appropriate database?
Did you provide data in Supporting
Online Material?
Have you archived the original data?
Are there any restrictions on data use?
Are there any mentions of unpublished
data?
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The editors’ problems:
 More good papers that we can publish in Science
 When scientists go bad
 Fraud
 Erroneous work
 Overinterpreted data
 Non-disclosed conflicts of interest
Getting the
word out
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Altmetrics
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Beyond the Bench
CAREERS
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http://sciencecareers.sciencemag.org/
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At Science
Careers:
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At AAAS Member Central:
Webinars
http://membercentral.aaas.org/
Getting Published: Finding collaborators, submitting papers, and the review process
Working in Industry: From your resume, to interviewing, to skills for success
Building Your First Lab: Tips, success stories, and how to build your own team
High-Level Scientific Talks: How to give powerful, dynamic presentations to further your career
Thinking Outside the Lab: Finding a fulfilling non-research career
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AAAS Mass Media
Science & Engineering Fellows Program
 10-week summer program
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Fellows have worked as
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Reporters
Editors
Researchers
Production assistants
 Located at (for example)
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Chicago Tribune
Los Angeles Times
National Public Radio
Sacramento Bee
Scientific American
Popular Science
US News & World Report
St. Louis Post-Dispatch
Take chances!
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Apply for positions that you can do- even if you don’t have
all the requirements (or aren’t sure you’ll like them)
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Initiate discussions even when no job is immediately
visible
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Attend career fairs and conferences
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Network, network, network
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If it doesn’t work out, try elsewhere
Psychosocial Skills: The Missing Piece in Talent
Development, by Rena Subotnik (in press)
 Lesson 1: Abilities matter
 Lesson 2: Opportunity matters
 Lesson 3: Talent development is short and long term
 Lesson 4: Psychosocial skills matter
Mental toughness, resilience
Goal setting ability
Coachability
Optimism
Adaptive perfectionism
Psychosocial
skills can be
taught and
learned.
Emotional control (ability to relax and activate)
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The Business of Science
 You are in school in the hope that you
will be able to make a living doing what
you have studied.
 It’s a long haul before you are really
developed, you feel pressure and
uncertainty about what’s in store.
 You would like to
 Know how to deal with reviewers, how to
publicize your work, what editors/funders look
for
 Meet with a life coach
 Develop a profile and learn how to share it
 Figure out who you are in this career
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My IDP:
Individual Development Plan
Same concept in industry helps
employees define and pursue
career goals.
MyIDP hosted at AAAS is for
graduate students, postdocs,
and further career stages in any
of the sciences.
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You have skills employers want
 Ability to learn
 Data analysis and management
 Project management
 Communication
 Technical and computer skills
 Teaching and leadership
 Problem solving and critical thinking
 Technical knowledge
Coping With a Career Crisis, by Robert J. Sternberg
The Chronicle of Higher Education, January 27, 2014
http://chronicle.com/article/Coping-With-a-Career-Crisis/144191/
 Realize you are not alone.
 You have to be resilient, not just smart.
 Most of the time, it’s nothing personal.
 Learn from the experience.
 Seek out a support network to help you move on.
 Use any downtime you have to do something you really enjoy.
 Think twice before striking back.
 Don’t hide.
 View the crisis as an opportunity.
 Move on.
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What will you do to
COMMUNICATE
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What makes science news?
The Five “Boyce Rensberger tests”
 Fascination value
 Size of natural audience
 Importance
Rensberger has been a science writer or science
editor for more than 32 years:
 Reliability of the results
The Detroit Free Press
 Timeliness
The New York Times
Freelance
PBS science series for children, "3-2-1- Contact!"
Senior editor of Science 81-Science 84 magazine
The Washington Post
Director of the Knight Fellowship at MIT
Communication in different settings
 Verbal, conversation
 What’s your tag line?
 Verbal, 60 seconds
 What will you say?
 Verbal and written, limited attention
 How do you present a poster?
 Written, 3000 words, technical
 Main point? opening and closing?
 Written, 200 words, general audience
 How will you get people interested?
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It is important to recognize the fact that every
subject,
It given
is important
that its to
content
recognize
is notthe
totally
fact that every
reducible
subject,
to some
givenother
that subject
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not totally
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set of pedagogic
to some problems
other subject
arising
area,aspresents
a
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result of
special
the distinctive
set of its own
character
pedagogic
of their
problems arising
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as aand
result
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The problems
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regardedand
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particularizations
essential nature.
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and all teachers
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discharge
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or all
herteachers
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who seek to
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seriously in
discharge
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or her educational
manner.
responsibilities in a highly efficacious manner.
Every subject presents its own pedagogic problems.
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Common writing pitfalls
Too many acronyms: TMA
Too much information: TMI
Run-on sentences
Copying the lab notebook
Sloppy on the details
No clear message
Failure to communicate beyond specialists
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Scientists and reporters
communicate differently
Punchline
Background
Scientists
So What?
Supporting
Evidence
Results/
Reporters
Broad
Perspective
Conclusions
Source: Clive Cookson
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Communicate about your research
“Part of the art of
any kind of total
scholarship is to
say it well.”
-- Stephen Jay Gould,
Past AAAS President
Settings:
The scientific paper
An entertaining dinner-lecture
The elevator speech
Audiences:
The people you go to conferences with
The people you ask money from
The people you meet at a party or around town
Training:
AAAS Communication Workshops
Gail Shumway/Getty Images
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How Stuff Works
AAAS Annual Meeting
12-16 February 2015
San Jose, CA
AAAS seeks to advance
science and innovation
throughout the world for the
benefit of all people.
http://www.aaas.org/
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